All Things MicrochippingAll Things Microchipping
Paula Boyden BVetMed MRCVSPaula Boyden BVetMed MRCVS
Dogs TrustDogs Trust
A Brief HistoryA Brief History
Had to be surgically Had to be surgically placedplaced
14mm needle very 14mm needle very largelarge
Modern microchips Modern microchips 11mm11mm
Mini chips can be as Mini chips can be as small as 8.5mmsmall as 8.5mm
Better needle Better needle applicationapplication
MicrochipsMicrochips
• Radio Frequency Identification Devices (R.F.I.D’s) Radio Frequency Identification Devices (R.F.I.D’s) • The International Organisation for Standardisation The International Organisation for Standardisation
– (ISO 11784 and ISO 11785)(ISO 11784 and ISO 11785)• FDX-A (125khtz) (Still Most Common in US)FDX-A (125khtz) (Still Most Common in US)• FDX-B (134.2 khtz) FDX-B (134.2 khtz) • Permanent identificationPermanent identification
– Quick and easy to place with correct trainingQuick and easy to place with correct training– IrremovableIrremovable– ReliableReliable
How they WorkHow they Work
Transmitter
Transponder
Transmitter (scanner) emits signal to activate transponder (chip) at correct frequency
Inside a MicrochipInside a Microchip
• Ends of microchip laser sealed for safetyEnds of microchip laser sealed for safety• Polymer coating solidPolymer coating solid• Not all microchips have the same coatingNot all microchips have the same coating
Ferrite Rod Copper Coil Ferrite Rod Copper Coil PolymerPolymer
Chip Chip
“Parylene” Parylene” Biocompatible Biocompatible
coatingcoating
ScannersScanners
• Understand how scanners work! Understand how scanners work! • Keep batteries charged to power chip Keep batteries charged to power chip • Keep warm Keep warm • Scan correctlyScan correctly• Scanners either run at 128khtz and can pick up both or Scanners either run at 128khtz and can pick up both or
switch between frequencies. CARE!switch between frequencies. CARE!• Environmental interferenceEnvironmental interference
Know your scannerKnow your scanner
How to Implant a MicrochipHow to Implant a Microchip
Scanning for a microchipScanning for a microchip
Most Likely Locations!
• Midline Between Scapulae
• Chest
• Elbows
Scanning MethodScanning Method
MICROCHIPS CAN MOVE!!!MICROCHIPS CAN MOVE!!!
Problems Locating a Problems Locating a Microchip?Microchip?
Potential Reasons:Potential Reasons:
1)1) Microchip MigrationMicrochip Migration
2)2) Scanner User ErrorScanner User Error
3)3) Scanner ErrorScanner Error
4)4) Microchip LossMicrochip Loss
5)5) Microchip FailureMicrochip Failure
More Likely
Less Likely
Adverse ReactionsAdverse Reactions
• Adverse reactions are Adverse reactions are rarerare
• In the past 15 years over 6 million In the past 15 years over 6 million microchips have been implantedmicrochips have been implanted
• Reported adverse events total 431 (Jan Reported adverse events total 431 (Jan 2012)2012)
• Vast majority are due to migrationVast majority are due to migration
ADVERSE REACTIONSADVERSE REACTIONS
• MigrationMigration 56%56%
• LossLoss 19%19%
• Swelling/infectionSwelling/infection 11% 11%
• FailedFailed 9% 9%
• OthersOthers 5% 5%
0.007%
Why bother to microchip?Why bother to microchip?
Lost / Stray DogsLost / Stray Dogs
• Approximately 100,000 lost/abandoned Approximately 100,000 lost/abandoned dogs are picked up each yeardogs are picked up each year
• In 2012*, less than half the dogs In 2012*, less than half the dogs identified as strays in the UK were identified as strays in the UK were reunited with their ownersreunited with their owners
Dogs Trust estimates that the Dogs Trust estimates that the UK Government could save UK Government could save
around £20 million if around £20 million if microchipping was compulsorymicrochipping was compulsory
Abandoned DogsAbandoned Dogs
Dangerous/Fighting DogsDangerous/Fighting Dogs
Breeding / ShowingBreeding / Showing
Databases Databases andand
Registration Registration
Microchips are useless unless Microchips are useless unless registered on a recognised registered on a recognised
accessible database to accessible database to facilitate identification and facilitate identification and
reunificationreunification
Have an appropriate Code Have an appropriate Code of Practice – databases of Practice – databases andand manufacturers/distributorsmanufacturers/distributors
Database StandardDatabase Standard
• 24/7 availability for RU24/7 availability for RU
• Single POCSingle POC
• Registration timeRegistration time
• BacktrackBacktrack
• Security / ContingencySecurity / Contingency
Distributor StandardDistributor Standard
• Agreed by overseeing body / Agreed by overseeing body / organisationorganisation
• Annual sign-upAnnual sign-up• Code:Code:• MicrochipsMicrochips• ScannersScanners• TrainingTraining• BacktrackBacktrack
MicrochipsMicrochips
• PPS (pre-packed Sterile)PPS (pre-packed Sterile)
• ISO 11784 / 11785ISO 11784 / 11785
• Registered by ICARRegistered by ICAR
• Must not supply chips with a country codeMust not supply chips with a country code
• Must not supply chips with prefix 999Must not supply chips with prefix 999
• Suggest chips that minimise the chance Suggest chips that minimise the chance of migration of migration
ScannersScanners
• ISO 11785ISO 11785
• Be able to read FDX-A until 2026Be able to read FDX-A until 2026
• Have low battery indicatorHave low battery indicator
TrainingTraining
• Quality is the responsibility of the Quality is the responsibility of the distributordistributor– Responsible pet ownership / H&S / Adverse Responsible pet ownership / H&S / Adverse
reactionsreactions
– Microchips: RFID / ISOMicrochips: RFID / ISO
– ScannerScanner
– Implanting: practical, minimum of 2Implanting: practical, minimum of 2
– Database, including backtrackDatabase, including backtrack
– Regulations: PETS, collar and tagRegulations: PETS, collar and tag
The Backtrack SystemThe Backtrack System
• R.F.I.Ds are registered to the implanter R.F.I.Ds are registered to the implanter on allocation by the distributoron allocation by the distributor
• When the RFID is implanted the main When the RFID is implanted the main details are changed, but implanter details details are changed, but implanter details remain remain
• Access to all databases is restricted to Access to all databases is restricted to authorised partiesauthorised parties
EuropetnetEuropetnet
• 47,586,680 pets recorded47,586,680 pets recorded
• Access via databases registering with Access via databases registering with EuropetnetEuropetnet
SummarySummary
• Effective at all timesEffective at all times
• Impossible to alterImpossible to alter
• Extremely difficult to removeExtremely difficult to remove
• BUTBUT
• Robust, accessible system of registrationRobust, accessible system of registration
• Appropriate training and knowledge of all Appropriate training and knowledge of all involvedinvolved
Thanks for listening