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Developing close encounters in …
… The upper city: Mont des Arts & European Quarter
Sofie Vermeulen
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Outline
Brussels: socio-spatial fragmentationThe European QuarterThe ‘Mont des Arts’ or ‘Museum Quarter’Discussion
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1.
Canal2. Arts-EU
3. Universities
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European quarter
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Setting
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Public spaces - fragmented
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European quarter
Setting : division: centre – periphery; border = small ring road 0,95 km² - low density (1.743 inhabitants, 2006)
Functions & facilities: public transport hub
(> 10 buslines, 3 metro stations, 2 railway-stations, taxi stop)
office space density = very high >< BCR-average restaurants, shops, bars,… : upper-class clientele touristic & scientific actors
(Museum for Natural Sciences, Wiertz-museum, …)
social & health facilities = scarce
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PopulationEvolution population in EU-wijk 1981-2001
Source: COSMOPOLIS (2009)
3434
2206
1645 1743
1767
13371074 1165
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
1981 1991 2001 2006
year
# in
hab
itan
ts
# inhabtitants
households
Age structure EU-quarter in % (2006)Source: COSMOPOLIS, 2009
24
6,7
17,2
32,8
19,3
4,7
13,4
6
28,8
38,1
13,6
2,4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
0-19 years
20-24 years
25-34 years
35-59 years
60 years + older
80 years + older
share in population (%)
EU-quarter
BCR average
Population: ↓ since ‘80s until 2001 (-35%) – since then slight Age structure: very high share in 35-59 years old compared with BCR
(36,1%, 2006)
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Population
Share Belgian - non-Belgians in EU-quarter in % (2006)Source: Cosmopolis, 2009
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,02 0,01 0,01
0,11non-Belgians
0,04
Belgians
Belgians
French
Maroccans
Italians
Spanish
Portugese
Turkish
Polish
Other Other: people from Germany, Greece, Austria, UK, Sw eden, Russia, Filipines, Japan, Algeria, USA, ...
Belgian & non-Belgian population EU-quartercompared with averages BCR in % (NIS, 2006)
45,454,6
73,1
26,9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Belgians non-Belgians
am
ou
nt
(in
%)
EU-quarter
BCR average
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Socio-economic situation
Housing: prices 4x (!) between 1990-1995
pushing factor on Matongé neighbourhood
Employment: unknown: working state of 25% of inhabitants (!) (Socio-economische enquête, 2001) ± 50.000 EU-related employees (Demey, 2007)
Income: average income/declaration = high <> average BCR
(€31.272/year) source:FOD Financiën, 2003
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European- quarter
Diagnosis : 30 years laissez-faire office
construction poor quality of architecture & public spaces
mono-functional zone: yes & no
development = focused on USERS/EU-elite …(terraces, restaurants, bars, shops, … close in the evening & during
weekend) >< use & population = diverse & complex
Challenge : enclave + emptying of
neighbourhood
Improving urbanity
Opening up towards city: + Interaction EU-Bxl + Acceptance of EU + positive image of EU
Possible wireless applications … … in connected public spaces?
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Mont des Arts - Museum-Quarter
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Museum quarter - setting
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Museum quarter
Setting: division: up town >< down town 0.69 km² - very low density - (294 inhabitants, 2006)
Functions & facilities: ± 16 museums on 3.000m² 7 art shops & 6 cafés/restaurants scientific actors (Royal Library, General Archive, …) congress hall (opening planned in Sept 2009) vacant space: intermediate zones
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Population
Population: ↓ since ‘80s until 2001 (-35%) – since then rather steady Households: ↓ since ’80s general increase in smaller households Age structure: very high share in 35-59 years old >< BCR (32,8%)
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Population
Share of Belgian and non-Belgian population inMont des Arts-neighbourhood in % (2006)
Source: Cosmopolis, 2009
4,1
4
2,7
1,9
1,6
1,1
1 27,1
43,5 56,5
Belgians
French
Maroccans
Italians
Spanish
Portugese
Turkish
Polish
Other
Belgians non-Belgians
Other: people from Germany, Greece, Austria, UK, Sweden, Russia, Filipines, Japan, Algeria, USA, ...
Belgian & non-belgian population Museum quarter compared with averagdes BCR in % (2006)
Source: Cosmopolis, 2009
56,5
43,5
73,1
26,9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Belgians non-Belgians
shar
e in
to
tal p
op
ula
tio
n n
eig
hb
ou
rho
od
(%
)
Mont des Arts
BCR-average
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Socio-economic situation
Population & Housing: only 300 inhabitants strong statistical fluctuation mainly instiutions
Employment: Mainly in public sector (50%) income: = high <> average BCR
(average income/declaration: €36.333/year source: FOD Financiën, 2003)
Future development: (International Development Plan, 2007)
Show window on Brussels (BIP): visitors & tourists; local trade Prestigious Museum quarter Congress centre (SQUARE – under construction) Commercial Neighbourhood
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EU-quarter Museum-quarter
Residents + users Architecture & public spaces
of poor quality Mono functionality: offices ><
complex & diverse functioning
Challenge: Emptying space Opening up neighbourhood via
public space Avoid exclusion Connecting public space:
Area de passage - USERS Low # inhabitants Mono functionality: museum,
art shops, … BUT scientific actors, public space for youth,
Challenge & future plans … ‘Show window’
which identity of Bxl ? Congress place Include scientific actors? …
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EU quarter: Public spaces
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Discussion
Hypotheses: Free wireless access + full coverage No increased health impacts
Possibilities of applications in EU-quarter? Examples: USE-IT?
Possibilities of applications in Museum-quarter? Examples: Berlin – interactive hike former wall, …
Policy options? …