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I. Stoichiometric
Calculations
I. Stoichiometric
Calculations
StoichiometryStoichiometry
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History of StoichiometryHistory of StoichiometryHistory of StoichiometryHistory of Stoichiometry
Comes from the Greek:
Stoicheion
- to measure the elements
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History of StoichiometryHistory of StoichiometryHistory of StoichiometryHistory of Stoichiometry
Joseph Black and Daniel Rutherford
studied the reaction
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
They were looking at how the mass was changing in the reaction. They realized there the relation in the changing mass was actually in moles of substance.
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Proportional Proportional RelationshipsRelationshipsProportional Proportional RelationshipsRelationships
StoichiometryStoichiometry• mass relationships between
substances in a chemical reaction• based on the mole ratio
Mole RatioMole Ratio• indicated by coefficients in a
balanced equation
2 Mg + O2 Mg + O22 2 MgO 2 MgO
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Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
How many moles of KClO3 must decompose in order to produce 9 moles of oxygen gas?
9 mol O2 2 mol KClO3
3 mol O2
= 6 mol KClO3
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 ? mol 9 mol
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Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
How many moles of KCl are produced when 3.6 mol of KCLO3 are decomposed?
3.6 mol KClO3
2 mol KCl2 mol KClO3
= 7.2 mol KCl
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2 ? mol3.6 mol
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Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
Do Mole to Mole WS
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Stoichiometry StepsStoichiometry Steps Stoichiometry StepsStoichiometry Steps
1. Write a balanced equation.2. Identify known & unknown.3. Line up conversion factors.
• Mole ratio - moles moles• Molar mass - moles grams• Molarity - moles liters soln• Molar volume - moles liters gas
Core step in all stoichiometry problems!!
• Mole ratio - moles moles
4. Check answer.
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1 mol of a gas=22.4 Lat STP
Molar Volume at STPMolar Volume at STP Molar Volume at STPMolar Volume at STP
Standard Temperature & Pressure0°C and 1 atm
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““Stoich – nid”Stoich – nid”““Stoich – nid”Stoich – nid”
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Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
How many grams of silver will be formed when 12.0 g copper react with excess
aqueous silver nitrate?
12.0g Cu
1 molCu
63.55g Cu
= 40.7 g Ag
Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
2 molAg
1 molCu
107.87g Ag
1 molAg
12.0 g ? g
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63.55g Cu
1 molCu
Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
How many grams of Copper atoms are required to react completely with 1.5 x 1023 formula units of AgNO3?
1.5 x 1023
Form units AgNO3
1molAgNO3
6.022 x 1023
Form units AgNO3
= 7.9 g Cu
Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
1 mol Cu
2 molAgNO3
? g 1.5 x 1023
form units
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How many grams of KClO3 are req’d to
produce 9.00 L of O2 at STP?
9.00 LO2
1 molO2
22.4 L O2
= 32.8 g KClO3
2 molKClO3
3 molO2
122.55g KClO3
1 molKClO3
? g 9.00 L
Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
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Stoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry ProblemsStoichiometry Problems
Do Stoich WS 1