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WTP-459 RUSSIAN
Ukraine Review of farm
Restructuring experience
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3TaiiaM rrepBOHaqaJihHOrO pacrrpe.n:eJieHM~ 3eMeJihHbiX rraeB M CJIMIIIKOM MaJIO - 3TaiiaM
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X035IlfcTB B Cpe,n;HHH 06Uiee 4HCJTO naes IIaifiiiHKOB, aKTHBHO
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% ra yqpe,n;HTeJT51 X035IHCTBe, %
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oTnnqaromnec5I HHTeHCHBHhiM pocTOM BBII, TaK)Ke .n:eMOHCTpnpyiOT .n:ocTOHHhie BHHMaHH5I pe3yflhTaThi CCflhCKOX035IHCTBCHHOH .[lC5ITCflhHOCTH. 06IIIC3KOHOJVlHqeCKOC
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TaKHM o6pa3oM, HCCMOTp5I Ha ycHnH5I no peopraHH3a1IHH, TPY.IlHO O)KH.[laTh cKonhKO-
HH6y.n:h cymecTBeHHoro O)KHBneHH5I B cenhcKoxo35IHCTBeHHOM ceKTope YKpaHHhi B
ycnoBH5IX npo.n:on)KaiOmeroc5I 3KOHOMHqecKoro cna.n:a H B5IflhiX npeo6pa3oBaHHil B
3KoHoMnqecKoil nonHTHKe H HHCTHTYI1HOHanhHhiX pecpopM. ITpH HhiHCIIIHHX o6mHx
3KOHOMHKO-nonHTHqecKHX ycnoBH51X B YKpaHHe .n:a)Ke MC)K.IlyHapo.n:Hhie .n:oHopcKHe
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HaqaJIC5I B MapTe 1991 ro,n:a 3a IIIeCTb MeC5IIJ;eB ,Il;O ITpOB03rJiaiiieHH5I He3aBHCHMOCTH H Bhixo,n:a YKpan:Hhi H3 cocTaBa CoBeTcKoro Coi03a. BceMn:pHhiil: 6aHK c caMoro Haqana
BHHMaTeJihHO cne,n:n:n 3a xo,n:oM 3eMeJihHOH pe¢opMhi B YKpan:He. B 1994 n: 1996 rr. 6niJIH ITpOBe,n:eHhi ,Il;Ba KpyiTHbiX 06CJie,Il;OBaHH5I Ha ypoBHe X035IHCTB C IJ;eJiblO OIJ;eHKII
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3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH, KpeCTb5IHe YKpaiiHbi He OTJIIIqaiOTC5I OT CBOIIX KOJIJier 3a py6e)I(OM,
II3BeCTHbiX KOHCepBaTII3MOM II He)l(eJiaHIIeM ITO,n:BepraTh ce65I HOBbiM piiCKaM.
K KOH:UY ITepBoro ,n:ec5ITIIJieTII5I ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX pe¢opM JIIIIIIh 15% ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX yro,n:IIH: B YKpaiiHe o6pa6aThiBaJIOCh qacTHhiM ceKTopoM
(ITpiiyca,n:e6Hbie yqacTKII II ¢epMepcKIIe X035IHCTBa). HecMoTp5I Ha pa3Hoo6pa3IIe
opraHII3aiJ;IIOHHbiX ¢opM, IT05IBIIBIIIIIXC5I C 1992 r., ITO COCT05IHIIIO Ha cerO,Il;H5I 60Jihiiia5I qacTh ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHoro ceKTopa YKpaiiHhi ocTaeTcJI TaThi
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ony6nwKoBaHbi B ,ZJ,Byx ,ll;oKyMeHTax ,ZJ,JIJI o6cy)l(,ll,eHH5I BceMHpHoro 6aHKa Ha aHrnHHCKOM H
pyccKOM 5I3biKax: 3eMeJZbHaJI perjJopMa u peopzaHu3alfWl ceJZbCKoxo35lucm6eHHblX npeonpuRmuu 6
YKpauHe (,ll;oKyMeHTbi ,ZJ,JI5I o6cy)l(,ll,eHH5I BceMHpHoro 6aHKa 270 [aHrn.] H 270R [pyc.], cooTBeTCTBeHHO, 3a 1994 H 1995 rr.) 11 3eMeJZbHaJI perjJopMa 6 YKpauHe: nep6ble nRmb JZem (,lJ;oKyMeHTbl ,ZJ,JI5I o6cy)l(,ll,eHH5I BceMHpHOfO 6aHKa 371 [aHrn.] H 371R [pyc.], COOTBeTCTBeHHO, 3a 1997 H 1998 rr.)
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X035!IfcTBa B Y Kpmme OTnl1~aJiaCb ITpOCTO ¢opMaJihHOH "cMeHOH BbiBeCKI1" 11 OTCYTCTBI1eM KaKOH 6hi TO HH 6hin0 BHyTpeHHeH peopraHI13alll111, KOTOpa5I Morna 6bi ITp11BeCTI1 K
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M11p0BOH 6aHK ITpe.[(ITp11H5In B ITOCne,[(HeM KBapTaJie 1998 r. HOBOe 11CCne,[(OBaHI1e C uenbiO OlleHKI1 pa3H006pa3HbiX 11HI11111aTI1B ITO peopraHI13alll111 X035IHCTB B Y Kpa11He 11 cpaBHI1TenbHOrO aHaJI113a pa3ni1~HhiX yc11n11:il ITO peopraHI13a1111H cenbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX
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OlleHKa pe3ynhTaTOB, 113~eHI1e ,[(aJihHeHIII11X ITOTeH1111aJihHhiX C06biTI1H B 3TOH o6naCTI1 11
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-
1. lia1a peopraHH33U:HH X03HHCTB B YKpanHe
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X035IHCTB, npiirO,ZJ;HhiX ,ZJ;II5I )l;aJihHeHIIIero BHe,n:peHII5I B MaCIIITa6ax CTpaHbl.
ITo COCT05IHIIIO Ha cerO,ZJ;H5I OKOIIO 620 X035IHCTB npiiHIIMaiOT yqacTIIe B Me)K,ZJ;yHapO,ZJ;HbiX )l;OHOpCKIIX npoeKTaX, 60IIhiiiiiHCTBO - npii no,n:,n:ep)J(Ke cpiipMbl
"PoHKo"/AMP ClllA. O,n:HaKo, oueHIIBa5I 3TY Bneqam5IIOIIIYIO UIIcppy c ToqKII 3peHII5I
nepcneKTIIBhi, 3aMeTIIM, qTo B YKpaiiHe HacqiiThiBaeTC5I 16 000 KpynHhiX CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX npe,n:npii5ITIIH, Ka)K,ZJ;Oe II3 KOTOpbiX 5IBJI5IeTC5I noTeHUIIaJihHbiM
KaH,n:II,n:aTOM Ha peopraHII3a:U:IIIO. TaKIIM o6pa3oM, rrocrre rroqTIJ qeTbipex neT pa60Thi
Me)K,ZJ;yHapO,ZJ;Hbie )l;OHOpCKIIe npoeKThl OXBaThiBaiOT Bcero IIIIIIIh 4% niiaHOBOrO HaCeJieHII5I. Crre,n:oBaTeiihHO, ocHoBHOH TorrqoK K peopraHII3aUIIII ,n:orr)KeH IIcxo,n:IITh II3 MeCTHhiX
IIHIIUIIaTIIB Ha OCHOBe npoue,n:yp, pa3pa6oTaHHbiX Me)K,ZJ;YHapo,n:HhiMII ,ZJ;OHOpCKIIMII
npoeKTaMII, IIIIII CBOIIX C06CTBeHHhiX HOBhiX npoue,n:yp. ,lJ;eHCTBIITeiihHO, noe3,ZJ;KII Ha MeCTa
CBII,ZJ;eTeJibCTBYJOT 0 TOM, qTo KpOMe X035IHCTB, yqaCTBYJOIIIIIX B Me)K,ZJ;yHapo,ZJ;HhiX
,ZJ;OHOpCKIIX npoeKTaX, B Ka)K)l;OH o6rraCTII HaCqiiTbiBaeTC5I IIO KpaHHeH Mepe 10-20 CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX npe,n:npii5ITIIH, KOTOpbie Bblpa3IIIIII HaMepeHIIe peopraHII30BaTb
CBOIO ,ZJ;e5ITeJibHOCTb B COOTBeTCTBIIII C HOBbiMII HanpaBIIeHII5IMII ,ZJ;e5ITeJibHOCTII. ITo HaiiiiiM
no,n:cqeTaM, OKOIIO 500 ,n:o6pOBOIIbHO peopraHII30BaHHbiX X035IHCTB B YKpaiiHe npiiH5IIIII peiiieHIIe 0 peopraHII3aUIIII 6e3 pyKOBO)l;CTBa II nOMOIIIII Me)K,ZJ;yHapo,ZJ;HhiX ,ZJ;OHOpCKIIX
npoeKTOB II Bhiiiiiiii 3a npe,n:eiihl "npOCTOH CMeHbl BhiBeCKII", BHe,n:piiB caMhie
pa3H006pa3Hhle BHyTpeHHIIe Meponpii5ITII5I no peopraHII3aUIIII.
3
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4 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3a!Juu cenbCKOX035lucm6eHHblX npeonpU5lmuii
HacT05IIII,ee nccrre,IJ,osamre oxsaTnrro 86 u:erreHanpasrreHHO peopraHII3oBaHHhiX X035IHCTB B 12 o6rraCT5IX. l13 HIIX, 3 5 6biJIII yqaCTHIIKaMII Me)K,IJ,yHapO,Il,HhiX ,Il,OHOpCKIIX npoeKTOB no peopraHII3aiJ;IIII ( OKOJIO 5% X035IHCTB, yqaCTBYIOIII,IIX B npoeKTaX) II, no MHeHIIIO MeCTHhiX 3KCnepTOB, 51 X035IHCTBO BhiCTyniiJIO niiOHepaMII peopraHII3aiJ;IIII B CBOIIX o6rraCT5IX, BhiH,I1,5l 3a paMKII cpopMaJihHOH periiCTpan;IIII B KaqecTBe HOBhiX
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ocymecTBIIJIII pa,IJ,IIKaJihHyiO BHyTpeHHIOIO peopraHII3aU:IIIO n He BhiiiiJIII 3a npe,IJ,errhr
cpopMaJihHOfO ll3MeHCHII5l CBOero IOpii,IJ,IIqeCKOfO CTaTyca. 3TH HepeopraHII30BaHHhie
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CiliA
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npaBHJJO, pacnycKaeTC5l H aKTHBhi pacnpe)J,eJJ5llOTCR B HaTypaJibHOM Bbipa)l(eHHH cpe)J,H
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BHeCeHHblH KaiiHTaJI nepeXO)J,lfT K KOOnepaTHBY KaK B aKIIHOHepHOH KOMnaHHH. B CJiyqae BhiXO)J,a qJieHbi KOOIIepaTHBa nonyqaiOT CBOIO )J,OJllO lfHBeCTlfiiHH B )J,eHe)I(HOM
lfJilf HarypanbHOM Bbipa)l(eHHlf B COOTBeTCTBlflf C Tpe6oBaHH51.Mlf ycTaBa KOOnepaTHBa.
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6 YKpawta: o63op onblma peopzaHu3aJ1uu ceflbCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu
npasonpeeMHIIK 6biBlllero KOJ1X03a IIJlii COBX03a C npaBOM C06CTBeHHOCTII Ha 3eMJIIO II
aKTIIBhi, nepe)J,aHHbie pa6oTHIIKaM npe)J,npmnmr rocy)J,apcTBOM. BhiXOA qneHoB
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lfJleHOB CeMbii II pecypcOB B C06CTBeHHOCTII CeMhii, XOT51 B03MO)I(H0 IICTIOJlh30BaHIIe B
pa3yMHhiX npe)J,enax HaeMHoro TpyD,a II apeH)J,OBaHHhiX pecypcos. KpecTh»HCKIIe
X0351HCTBa MOryT periiCTpiipOBaTbC51 B KalfeCTBe IOpii)J,IIlfeCKIIX Jliill, (B 3TOM CJiyqae OHII
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1. Ema peopzaHU3GlJUU X03Rucma a YKpauHe 7
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KOTOphre qacTHbie rrmra c,n:aiOT B apeH,n:y rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHIO Ha orrpe,n:erreHHbrH: cpoK B3aMeH Ha
,n:orOBOpHYfO apeH.IJ:HYIO IIJiaTy. B KOHIIe cpoKa apeH.IJ:bi pa60THHK MO)l{eT rrepecMOTpeTb
YCJIOBH5I apeH.IJ:bi, IIpHH5IB peiiieHHe 06 HHOM HCIIOJib30BaHHH aKTHBOB.
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cpopMOH, qacTO YIIOMHHaeMOH B KOHTeKCTe YKpaHHbi. 0Ha He 5IBJI5IeTC5I ocpHIIHaJibHO
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yrrpaBJI5IeMOe BJia,n:eJihiieM ("HH.IJ:HBH.IJ:YaJibHOe rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHe"), KOTOpOe KpOMe
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apeH.IJ:OBaHHoe y rrpoqHx cerrhCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX aKIIHOHepoB. MH,n:HBH,n:yarrhHoe
rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHe HecpopMaJibHO Ha3biBaiOT "qacTHOM apeH,n:HbiM rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHeM" B crryqae,
Kor.n:a X035IHCTBO apeH,n:yeT 3HaqHTeJihHbre rrrrorrra,n:H 3eMrrH. lJacTHbre apeH.IJ:Hbre
rrpe.n:rrpH5ITH5I - HHTepecHM oco6eHHOCTh peopraHH3aiiHH X035IHCTB B YKpaHHe, KOTopa5I
He qacTo BCTpeqaeTc5I B .n:pyrHx CTpaHax 6biBIIIero CoBeTcKoro Coi03a.
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2. flpoeKThl peopraHU3aD;HH ceJihCKOX03HlfcTBeHHhiX npei:t;IIpHHTHH, ynpaBJieHHe KOTOphiMH OCyllleCTBJIHIOT Mem;J.yHapOi:t;Hhie )J;OHOphl
B ITpoeKTax peopramnau;mr cenbCKOX03~iicTBeHHhiX ITPCJl:ITPI:I~TI:Ill: B YKpai:IHe HbiHe aKTI:IBHO ~acTBJ'IOT Tpi:I MC)I(Jl:yHapo;:J;Hhre opraHI:I3aU:I:II:I: MK, AMP CIIIA I:I EpHTaHCKI:Ill:
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10 YKpawta: Onblm peopzaHu3a71uu cenbcKoxmRiicmeeHHblX npeonpU5lmuii e YKpauHe
B CB~3H c BbiCOKoil: .IJ:HHaMHqHOCTbiO CHTyaiiHH, rrepeqeHb o6rracTeil: H KorruqecTBO
X03~HCTB 6biCTpO MeH~eTC~. IipMa "POHKO" OXBaTbiBaeT orpOMHOe IIpOCTpaHCTBO,
BKJIIOqa~ TeppHTOpHH 15 H3 25 o6rracTeil:, H IIpHCOe.I(HH~eT K CBOHM rrpoeKTaM HOBbie xo3~il:CTBa rrpaKTHqecKH e)Ke,n:HeBHO. TeM He MeHee, 6orrbiiiM qacTb xo3~il:CTB,
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)Ke BpeM~ yBeJIHqHBM CBOe IIpHCYTCTBHe B qepHOBIIaX B IISITHKpaTHOM pa3Mepe.
3aBepiiieHHe coTpy,n:HHqecTBa MK-EpHTaHcKoro ¢oH,n:a "Hoy-Xay" B ,[(oHeuKe rrpHBerro K
rrepe,n:aqe ,n:e~TeiTbHOCTH B :noll: rOTOBOH K pe¢opMaM o6rraCTH B Be,n:eHH:e HOBOH
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IIpuHljUnbl peopzaHu3aljUU X035lucme
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3aKoHaMH H rrocTaHOBrreHH~MH. ITo,n:roTOBKa K pacrrpe.n:erreHHIO rraeB oxBaTbiBaeT
CKpyrryrre3HyiO TOIIOrpa¢HqeCKyiO C'beMKY 3eMJIH H TlllaTeJibHyiO IIepeoueHKY OCHOBHbiX
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pa6oTHHKOB, KOTOpbie peiiiHITH BbiHTH H3 KOITJieKTHBa. I10CKOJibKY IIaH Heo6~3aTeiTbHO
rrpeBpamaiOTC~ B yqaCTKH 3eMITH, 3eMeJibHbiH IIaH aBTOMaTH:qeCKH He ,n:aeT o¢HIIHaiTbHOrO
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X03SIHCTBaM K rrepe,n:aqe ¢H3HqecKHX yqacTKOB H BbiiiYCKY o¢HIIHaiTbHbiX cepTH¢HKaTOB Ha
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KorrrreKTIIBHoil: cTpyKTYPbi. Ta6mn~a 2.2 .n:aeT cpaBHHTeiTbHOe orrHcamie OCHOBHbiX 3TaiiOB IIpOUeCca peopraHH3aiiHH X03~HCTB Ha rrpHMepe pearrH:3aiiHH Tpex OCHOBHbiX IIpOeKTOB.
ITocrre 3Tarra pacrrpe.n:erreHH~ rraeB, ¢HpMa "PoHKo" H MK rroompSIIOT BHyTpeHHee
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IOpH,n:H:qecKoe ITHIIO, BJia,I(eiOIIIee 3eMJieH, H O.I(HO HITH HeCKOJibKO IOpH,n:HqeCKHX ITHII,
BITa,I(eiOIIIHX aKTHBaMH, KOTOpbie apeH,I(yiOT 3eMJIIO y rrpe,n:rrpH~TH~, BJia,I(eiOIIIero 3eMJieH.
3Taii peopraHH3aiiHH BO BCeX rrpoeKTaX COIIpOBO)K,I(aeTCSI IIpOBe,I(eHHeM aKTHBHOH KaMrraHHH
HH¢opMHpOBaHH~ HaCeJieHH~ C lleJibiO IIOBbiiiieHHSI ypOBH~ HH¢opMHpOBaHHOCTH
aKIIHOHepOB 0 HaJIHqHH pa3JIHqHbiX BapHaHTOB Bbi60pa.
-
2. IlpoeKmbz peopzaHU3alJUU, ynpaa!leHue KOmopbzMu ocyUjecma!15t/Om Me:JICOyHapoOHble OOHOpbz 11
Ta6JIHU.a 2.2. OcHOBHhie 3Taiibi ,n:eHTeJihHOCTII B paMKax pearrii3ai.J;IIII Tpex rrpoeKTOB peopraHII3ai.J;IIII X0351IICTB
::han ;:J:enTeJibHOCTn IJpoeKT peopraHn3au;nii CeJibCKOX03HllCTBeHHbiX npe;:J:rrpHHTnH
MK "PoHKo"/AMP ClllA "KaprHJIJI"/EpnTaHCKnll
-
12 YKpauHa: Onbzm peopzaHU3GZfUU cenbCKOX035lucmeeHHblX npeonpu5lmuii 6 YKpauHe
Ka)I(.IJ:hiH OT.[(eJihHhiH aKI!HOHep 5IBmieTc5l OTBeTCTBeHHhiM 3a csoiO qacTh .norrra. XoT5l
pa60THHKH MOryT BhiHTH H3 6hiBIIIero KOJIJieKTHBa "6e3 .[(OJira", OI!eHKa ITOJiyqeHHOrO HMH
HMymecTBa oiTpe.nerr5leTc5l ITocrre BhlqnTaHH5l scex HeiToraiiieHHhrx .norrros, IaK qTo
¢aKTHqecKH qacTh nx aKTHBOB coxpaH5leTC5l B corrracosaHHOM pe3epse. )J.pyroll:
B03MO)I(HOCThiO 5IBJI5leTC5l coxpanenne .norrra n corrracosannoro pe3epsa aKTHBOB na
"ITpOMe)l(yToqHOM ITpe.[(ITpH5ITllll", KOTOpoe BITOCJie.[(CTBHH JIHKBH.[(HpyeT aKTHBhi .[(Jl5l
BhmrraThi .norrra HJIH, nao6opoT, o6n5IBmreT o 6anKpOTCTBe H CITHChiBaeT necorrracosaHHhiH
.norrr. MK ITo.n.nep)I(HBaeT ITPOI!e.nypy, 3aKrriOqaiOmyiOc5l B paciTpe.z~erreHHH HeiToraiiieHHOro .[(OJira COOTBeTCTBeHHO CTOHMOCTH HMYIIIeCTBeHHhiX ITaeB. "POHI
-
2. llpoeKmbz peopzaHU3GlfUU, ynpaefleHue KOmopb!MU ocyUfecmeJ/RJOm MeJJCOyHapoOHbze OOHOpbz 13
Ta6Jiuu;a 2.3. Peopramnau;rur X035.LHCTB B paMKax Me)I(.IJ;yHapo.IJ;HhiX .IJ:OHOpCKIIX IIpOeKTOB B y KpaiiHe
MK "PoHKo"/AMP "Kapnmn''/EpHTaHCKllH
ClllA tPOH.ll "Hoy-Xay"
MaTepHHCKHe xo3HiicTBa 47 304 5 (peopraHH30BaHHhie)
Xo3HifcTBa-rrpaBonpeeMHHKH
IJpe,ll,npHHTHH 102 354 25* epMepCKHe X03HHCTBa 253 2 390 0
Ko3cpcpHU.HeHT .IJ:po6neHHH Ha 2,2 1,2 5 OCHOBe npe,ll,npHHTHH
Ko3cpcpHQHeHT .IJ:po6neHHH, 7,6 9,0 5 BKJIIOqaH qaCTHhiX cpepMepOB
* I1Myi.QeCTBeHHbie KOMIIaHHH, C03)J,aHHbie B )J,OllOJIHeHHe K 5 3eMeJihHhiM KOMIIaHWIM.
06a rrpoeKTa .IJ;aJIII B pe3yJihTaTe .IJ;OCTaTOqHo BhiCOKIIH IIOKa3aTeJib He3aBIICIIMhiX
epMepCKIIX X0351HCTB. ¢aKTIIqeCKII, TaKIIe qaCTHbie X0351HCTBa COCTaBJI51IOT 85% BCeX IIpe.IJ;IIpii51TIIH-IIpaBOIIpeeMHIIKOB, OXBaqeHHhiX .IJ:BYM51 Me)I(.IJ;yHapO.IJ;HhiMII .IJ;OHOpCKIIMII
rrpoeKTaMII (Puc. 2.1). TeM He MeHee, He Ka)I(.IJ;Oe KpyrrHoe X0351HCTBO .IJ;aeT B rrpou;ecce peopraHII3aUIIII ceMh-BOCeMh qacTHhiX X0351HCTB, KaK rroKa3aHo B cpe.IJ;HeM no Ta6Jiuu;e 2.3. B rrpoeKTe ¢IIpMhi "PoHKo" 60JihiiiM qacTh peopraHII30BaHHhiX X0351HCTB (83%) rrpiiBeJia K C03.IJ;aHIIIO JIIIIIIh IOpii.IJ;IIqeCKIIX JIIIU (rrpe.IJ;IIpii51TIIH) II 3aTeM, rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M, O.IJ;HOrO
rrpe.IJ;IIpii51TII51. ,[(OIIOJIHIITeJibHhie rpyiiiihi qaCTHhiX X0351HCTBeHHhiX IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHIIH 6biJIII
C03.IJ;aHbi JIIIIIIh 17% 6a30BhiX X0351HCTB, Ka)I(.IJ;Oe B Cpe.IJ;HeM pa3.IJ;eJIIIJIOCh Ha 42 OT.IJ;eJihHhie CTpyKTypbi (B cpaBHeHIIII B cpe.IJ;HeM C 8 IIO rrpoeKTY IIpMbl "PoHKO" B u;eJIOM). I1HTepeCHO OTMeTIITh, qTo X0351HCTBa, OKpy)l(eHHhie rpyrrrraMII qacTHhiX X0351HCTBeHHhiX
IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHIIH, B cpe.IJ;HeM pa3.IJ;p06IIJIIICh Ha 60Jihiiiee KOJIIIqecTBO IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIIl;, qeM
X0351HCTBa 6e3 OT.IJ;eJibHhiX IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHIIH (1 ,4 IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIU .IJ;JI51 6a30BhiX X0351HCTB, KOTOphie pa3.IJ;p06IIJIIICh Ha qacTHbie X0351HCTBeHHhie IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHII51 B cpaBHeHIIII C 1,1 IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIIl; .IJ;JI51 6a30BhiX X0351HCTB 6e3 .IJ;p06JieHII51 Ha YKa3aHHbie IIO.IJ;pa3.IJ;eJieHII51).
TaKIIM o6pa3oM, cyll!eCTByeT pa3HOBII.IJ:HOCTh peopraHII3aUIIOHHOii .IJ;IIXOTOMIIII
(IIOCJie.IJ;OBaTeJibHOrO .IJ;eJieHII51 Ha .IJ;Be qacTII), KOTOpM, IIO-BII.IJ;IIMOMy, .IJ;IIKTyeTC51
IIOBe.IJ;eHqeCKIIMII IIJIII IICIIXOJIOriiqeCKIIMII aKTOpaMII: Cyll!eCTByeT JIII60 a6COJIIOTHOe
corrpOTIIBJieHIIe ,npo6nemuo, Kor,na 6a30Bhie X0351HCTBa B pe3yJihTaTe ,naroT o,nHo
IOpii):(IIqecKOe JIIIIl;O, JIII60 rOTOBHOCTh IICIIOJih30BaTb HOBbie opraHII3all;IIOHHbie IIO.IJ;XO):(hl,
KOr.IJ;a 6a30BOe X0351HCTBO .IJ;p06IITC51 Ha MHO)I(eCTBO IOpii.IJ;IIqecKIIX JIIIU II, KpOMe Taro,
C03.IJ;aeT rpyrrrry qaCTHhiX X0351HCTB. 3Ta MO.IJ;eJib MHO)I(eCTBeHHOrO .IJ;p06JieHII51, OTJIIIqHM OT
peopraHII3all;IIII B COOTHOIIIeHIIII 1: 1, .IJ;eMOHCTpiipyeTC51 B Ta6JIHQe 2.4.
-
14 YKpauHa: Onblm peopzaHu3atfuu cenbcKOX035lucm6eHHblX npeonpU5lmuu 6 YKpauHe
Ta6Jiu~a 2.4. MHo:>KeCTBeHHoe .IJ.po6nemie X035IHCTB B rrpou;ecce peopramBau;HH B paMKax rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "POHKO" *
Xo35IHCTBa, B pe3yhbTaTe Xo3HHCTBa, B pe3yJibTaTe
,D,p06JieHH5I KOTOpbiX ,D,p06JieHH5I KOTOpbiX o6pa3yiOTC5I
o6pa3yiOTC5I JIHillb !OpH,D,H'-IeCKHe JIHQa H qaCTHbie
10pH,D,H4eCKHe JIHQa X035IHCTBeHHbie f10,D,pa3)J,e.leHH5I
na30Bbie X035IHCTBa 248 51
HoBbie IOpH.Il.H4eCKHe JIHQa 267 71
HoBbie qacTHbie - 2050 no,D,pa3,D,eJieHH5I
Ko3cpqmu;HeHT ,D,po6neHH5I Ha 1,1 1,4
OCHOBe !OpH,D,H4eCKHX JIHQ
K03cpcpHQHeHT ,D,po6neHH5I Ha 1,1 42
OCHOBe BCeX X035IHCTBeHHhiX
e)J,HHHQ
*Ha OCHOBe f10JIHOH HHcpOpMaiJ;HH 0 299 X035IHCTBax.
PacnpeAeileHI!te X03JIMCTB-npaBonpeeMHI!tKOB B paMK3X AOHOpCKI!tX npoeKTOB
"PoHKo"/ AMP CWA
YacTHble noApaJ,QeneHHSl
87%
PHCYHOK 2.1.
YacTHble noApaJ,QeneHHSl
71%
MCI>K
npeAnpHSlTHSl 13%
ITpHHUHII rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "KaprHnn"/6pHTaHcKoro ¢oH,IJ,a "Hoy-Xay" 3aKmoqaeTC5l
B ,IJ,eJieHHH Ka:>K,IJ,OrO MaTepHHCKOrO X035IHCTBa Ha O.IJ.HY "3eMeJihHyiO KOMIIaHHIO", KOTOpa5I
BJia,IJ,eeT BCell: 3eMJieH H He BJia,IJ,eeT aKTHBaMH, H O.IJ.HY HJIH HeCKOJihKO "HMyiiJ;eCTBeHHhiX
KOMIIaHHH", KOTOphie BJia,IJ,eiOT BCeMH aKTHBaMH H He BJia,IJ,eiOT 3eMJieH. 3aTeM 3eMJI5l
apeH,IJ,yeTC5l y 3eMeJihHhiX KOMIIaHHH B IIOJih3Y HMyiiJ;eCTBeHHhiX KOMIIaHHH C u;eJihiO
-
2. flpoeKmbt peopzaHu3alfUU, ynpa6JleHue KomopbtMU ocyUfeCm6Jl5!JOm Me:J/CoyHapooHbte ooHopbt 15
o6pa6oTKII. I151Th X0351HCTB B paMKax rrpoeKTa qmpMhi "Kaprmm"/6piiTaHCKoro
-
16 YKpaww: Onblm peopzaHu3atfuu ce!lbCKoxo35!iicmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu e YKpauHe
Ta6mn~a 2.5. Oprami3aUJIOHHbie
-
2. JlpoeKmbl peopzaHU3WfUU, ynpaBneHue KomopblMU ocyU{ecmBJIRIOm MeJICOyHapoiJHb!e omwpbl 1 7
YMepeHHhiM K03¢qmu;HeHT ,npo6JieHH5! 6a30BhiX X035!MCTB B HOBbie IOpH,nH:qeCKHe
JIHIJ;a BO BCeX rrpoeKTaX peopraHH3aiJ;Hli X035!MCTB rrpe,nrronaraeT OTHOCH:TeJihHO
He3HaqHTeJihHOe )'MeHhiiieHHe pmMepoB Tpa,nHu;HoHHhiX KpyrrHhiX X035!MCTB. Xo35!MCTBa-
rrpaBorrpeeMHHKH B rrpoeKTe M
-
18 YKpauHa: Onbcm peopzaHU3a!JUU ce!lbCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeiJnpURmuu 6 YKpauHe
Ta6JIHU.a 2.7. Tiepepacrrpe,n:erreHHe 3eMrrH HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IM X035IIIcTBaM B paMKax O,n:eccKoro rrpoeKTa EpHTaHcKoro cpoH,n:a "Hoy-Xay"
MaTepiiHCKO Pa3Mepbi KoniiqecTBO 3eMJI51, o6pa6aT. Cpe.n:HIIe
e X0351HCTBO MaTepiiHCKOrO IIMYI.QCCTBCHHhiX 11Myi.QeCTB. pa3Mepbi c/x
X0351HCTBa, ra KOMIIaHIIH KoMrraHII51MII, ra IIMYI.QCCTB.
Bcero I OcHOBHoe KOMIIaHIIII, ra c/x rrp-so
1 3 400 13 6 4 078 680 2 1 250 7 5 1 082 216
3 6 400 3 3 6 400 2 133 4 3 300 1 1 3 300 3 300
5 2 900 1 1 2 900 2 900
Bcero B cpe.n:HeM, 25 16 17 760 1 100
3 450 ra
B O.n:eccKoM rrpoeKTe cpHpMI>I "KaprHrrrr"/EpHTaHCKoro cpoH,n:a "Hoy-Xay" Ha Ka)l(,n:oe 6a30BOe X035IHCTBO IIpHXO.lJ:HTC5I O,n:Ha 3eMeJII>Ha5I XOIT.lJ:HHrOBa5I KOMIIaHH5l, TaK qTO ITO
orrpe.n:erreHHIO pa3Mepi>I He MeH5IIOTC5l. TeM He MeHee, 3eMrr5l y 3eMeJII>HoH: KOMIIaHHH
apeH,n:yeTC5l HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IMH KOMIIaHH5IMH H cpaKTHqecKOe KOJIHqecTBO 3eMJIH,
HCIIOJih3yeMoe O.lJ:HHM X035IHCTBOM, 3aBHCHT OT qHcrra HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH H HX
crreuHarrH3a:UHH. Ta6JIHU.a 2. 7 ,n:eMOHCTpHpyeT pacrrpe,n:erreHHe 3eMrrH 16 HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IM KOMIIaHH5IM, CB5l3aHHI>IM c II5ITI>IO 3eMeJII>HhiMH KOMIIaHH5IMH B O,n:eccKoH: o6rracTH
( OCTaJihHI>Ie 9 HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH 5IBJI5IIOTC5l CepBHCHI>IMH H 3eMJIIO He HCIIOJih3yiOT). Cpe,n:HHe pa3Mepi>I X035IHCTBa B O,n:eccKoM rrpoeKTe YMeHI>IIIHJIHCI> Ha 2/3, c 3 450 ra .n:o 1 000 ra. YMeHI>IIIeHHe pa3MepoB oco6eHHO rrpHMeqaTeJII>Ho B ,n:Byx crryqMx, KOr,n:a MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO pa3yKpyiiHHJIOCh Ha 5 - 6 HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>IX KOMIIaHHH, CIIeUHaJIH3HpyiOIIJ:HXC5l rrraBHI>IM o6pa30M Ha CeJII>CKOX035IHCTBeHHOH IIpOH3BO.lJ:CTBeHHOH
,n:e5ITeJII>HOCTH (cTpOKH 1 H 2 B Ta6JIHU.e 2.7). C ,n:pyroH: cTopoHI>I, ,n:Ba crryqM, Kor.n:a o,n:Ha HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHa5l KOMIIaHH5l 6I>IJia C03,n:aHa H3 MaTepHHCKOrO X035IHCTBa ( CTpOKH 4 H 5 B Ta6m111.e 2. 7), ,n:eMOHCTpHpyiOT OTCYTCTBHe KaKoro 61>1 TO HH 61>mo YMeHI>IIIeHH5l pa3MepoB: HOBbie HMyiiJ:eCTBeHHI>Ie KOMIIaHHH rrpo,n:OJI)I(aiOT o6pa6aTI>IBaTh OKOJIO 3 000 ra 3eMJIH, rrepe.n:aHHI>IX 6a30BI>IM KOJIJieKTHBHI>IM X035IHCTBOM.
HepaBHOMepHOCTb pacnpep,eneHHs:t 3eMnH e Op,eccKoM npoeKTe 5pHTaHCKOrO CI>HX
CosoKynHoe pacnpeAelleH11e X03l'lli1crs,%
coeoKynHoe pacnpeAeneH~e 3eMn~. %
PMCYHOK 2.3.
-
2. IIpoeKmbz peopzaHU3GtfUU, ynpaB!leHue KOmopb!MU ocyutecmBflR/Om MeJJCOyHapoOHble OOHOpbz 19
TeM He MCRee, cpe,ll;HIIC pa3MCpbi X0351HCTBa o6MaHqiiBhi, ITOCKOJihKY 3CMJI51 cpe,ll;II
IIMYII!CCTBCHHhiX KOMITaHIIH paciTpe,ll;eJI51CTC51 KpaHHe HepaBHOMepHO: 8 II3 16 CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHbiX IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX KOMITaHIIH, yqacTBJ'IOII!IIX B ITpOeKTe,
o6pa6anmanii CBhiiiie 80% 3eMJIII ITO ITpoeKTy. Ka)l(,ll;Oe II3 3TIIX KPYITHhiX X0351HCTB COXpaH51CT 6onee ITOJIOBIIHbi 3CMJIII 6a30BOrO MaTepiiHCKOrO X0351HCTBa .[1;0 peopraHII3a!IIIII.
B cpe,ll;HCM, OHII o6pa6aTbiBaiOT 1 800 ra II CITCI!IIaJIII3IIpyiOTC51 Ha BbipaiiiiiBaHIIII ITOJICBhiX KYJII>TYP (rnaBHhiM o6pa30M 3epHOBhiX). OcTaJihHI>Ie 8 X0351HCTB CITeuiiaJIII3IIPJ'IOTC51 Ha ITpOII3BO,ll;CTBe cppyKTOB II OBOII!CH II Ka)l(,ll;Oe, B Cpe,ll;HCM, IIMCeT MCRee 400 ra IIJIII OKOJIO 1/10 MaTepiiHCKOrO X0351HCTBa. B I!CJIOM, 80% II3 25 IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX KOMITaHIIH (16 CCJibCKOX0351HCTBCHHhiX KOMITaHIIH ITJIIOC 9 ITepepa6aThiBaiOIIIIIX II cepBIICHbiX KOMITaHIIH) KOHTpOJIIIpJ'IOT 20% 3CMJIII ITO ITpOCKTY, TOr .[I; a KaK OCTaJihHbie 20% IIMYII!CCTBCHHhiX KOMITaHIIH KOHTpOJIIIPJ'IOT 80% 3CMJIII. KpiiBM nopeHua Ha Pnc. 2.3 ,ll;CMOHCTpiipyeT CYII!CCTBCHHJ'IO HepaBHOMepHOCTb paciTpC,ll;CJICHII51 3CMJIII cpe,ll;II IIMYII!CCTBCHHbiX
KOMITaHIIH, yqacTBJ'IOIIIIIX B O,!J;eccKOM ITpoeKTe.
Ta6Jinu;a 2.8. PeriicTpauii51 ITpaB co6cTBeHHOCTII B X0351HCTBax, yqacTBYIOIIIIIX B ITpoeKTe cp "P " cp 1999 IIpMbi OHKO : ITO COCT051HIIIO Ha eB_paJII> r.
Bhmaqa rocyAapcTseHHhiX aKTOB Ha npaso co6cTseHHOCTH Ha 3eMmo
06JiaCTb IIpH cpHHaHcosow no,ll;,ll;ep)J(Ke 6e3 Bee roc. aKTbi npasa
"PoHKO" cpHHaHCOBOH C06CTBeHHOCTH,
nO,ll;,ll;ep)J(Kll Bbi.[J;aHHbie "PoHKO"
"PoHKO"
X03-sa I ra KonHqecTso roc. aKTOB
CyMcKa51 1 1 930 319 1 193 1 512
JlbBOBCKa51 12 16 887 5 990 -- 5 990 Jlyu.Ka51 (BOJibiHCKa51) 2 2 451 846 297 1 143
TepHonoJibCKa51 8 7 510 2 978 355 3 333
~HenponeTposcKa51 -- -- -- 715 715 HHKOJiaescKa51 1 1 427 203 145 348
XepcoHcKa51 -- -- -- 406 406 PosHeHcKa51 -- -- -- 140 140 XMeJibHHIJ,Ka51 7 9 325 3 514 -- 3 514 4epKaCCKmi -- -- -- 40 40 KHposorpa,ll;cKa51 11 25 984 3 817 81 3 898
IIonTaBCKM 4 7 292 2 241 19 2 260
XapbKOBCKa51 1 2 116 132 70 202
JiyraHcKa51 -- -- -- 185 185 BHHHHUKa51 1 1 287 568 -- 568 Bcero no cocT051HHIO 48 76 209 20 608 3 646 24 254
Ha cpespanb 1999 r.
Bcero no cocT051HHIO 13 22 101 5 768 2 210 7 978
Ha OKT516pb 1998 r.
n Oflyl.[eHue npae co6cmeeHHOCmu. Ba)I(HbiM ,ll;OCTII)KCHIICM ITpOeKTa cpiipMbi "POHKO" 51BJI51CTC51 HC,ll;aBHIIH ITepeXO,ll; K cpiiHaHCOBOH ITO,ll;,ll;Cp)I(KC ITOJiyqeHII51 ITpaB C06CTBCHHOCTII Ha
3eMJIIO B Bhi6paHHhiX X0351HCTBax. Ecnii ITpoeKT MK o6eciTeqiiBaeT JIIIIIIh
a.[J;MIIHIICTpaTIIBHJ'IO ITOMOII!h B periiCTpauiiii ITpaB C06CTBeHHOCTII, ITpiiqeM JIIIIIIb
-
20 YKpaww: Onblm peopzmm3a1Juu ce!lbCKOXo35lucmaeHHblX npeonpU5lmuu a YKpauHe
pa60THHKaM, Bbiiiie,IJ;IIIHM H3 6biBIIIero KOJIJieKTHBa C ¢H3HqeCKHM yqaCTKOM 3eMJIH, ¢HpMa
"PoHKo"/AMP ClllA nepeiiiJIH K paCIIIHpeHHIO ¢HHaHCOBOH nOMOIIJ;H B norryqeHHH aKTOB Ha
npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH ~IT~ BCeX aKUHOHepoB CeJibCKOX03~HCTBeHHOfO npe~npH~TH~
o~HoBpeMeHHO. CBbiiiie 20 000 aKTOB Ha npaBo co6cTBeHHOCTH, oxBaThiBaiOIIJ;HX 76 000 ra 3eMJIH, 6hiJIO BhmaHO BCeM aKUHOHepaM B 48 X03~HCTBaX, peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY ¢HpMbi "PoHKo" B 10 o6rracT~x. Eme 3 600 aKTOB 6bmo BhmaHo B HH~HBH~yarrhHOM nop~~Ke, 6e3 ¢HHaHCOBOH no~~ep)KKH npoeKTa, KpeCTb~HaM H CeMb~M, Bbiiiie,[(IIIHM H3
6hiBIIIHX KorrrreKTHBHhiX X03~HCTB. Ta6JIHIJ,a 2.8 CYMMHpyeT pe3yiThTaTbi ycHrrHH: ¢HpMbi "POHKO" KaCaTeJibHO aKTOB npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH no COCTO~HHIO Ha ¢eBparrb 1998 r. C OKT~6p~ 1998 r. Ha6rriO~aeTc~ 3HaqHTeJihHbiH poeT MacniTa6oB nporpaMMbi norryqeHH~ npaB C06CTBeHHOCTH: qHCJIO X03~HCTB, HMeiOIIJ;HX npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO, yBeJIHqHJIOCb
c 12 B BOCbMH o6rracnx ~o 48 B ~ec~TH o6rracnx (K nporpaMMe norryqeHH~ aKTOB Ha npaBo co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMrriO He~aBHO npHcoe~HHHJIHCb rr. XMerrbHHUKHH H XapbKOB).
TeKyiiJ;He nrraHhi Tpe6yiDT ~arrbHeH:rnero ycKopeHH~ npouecca npe~ocTaBJieHH~ npaB
C06CTBeHHOCTH.
ITpoeKT peopraHH3aUHH X03~HCTB MK He Bbi~err~eT npe~ocTaBrreHH~ npaBa
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha 3eMJIIO B oT~errhHbiH BH~ ~e~TerrbHOCTH. A~MHHHCTpaTHBHa~ noMOIIJ;h
OKa3biBaeTC~ 6ecnrraTHO ¢epMepaM, Bbiiiie~IIIHM CO CBOHM 3eMeJibHbiM naeM H3
peopraHH30BaHHoro X03~HCTBa. TeM He MeHee, B OTJIHqHe OT ¢HpMbi "PoHKo", MK He
cy6cH~HpyeT 3aTpaTbi Ha norryqeHHe aKTOB Ha npaBO C06CTBeHHOCTH, KOTOpbie npO~OJI)KaeT
HecTH Brra~erreu 3eMrrH. TaKHM o6pa30M, pa6oTHHKH peopraHH30BaHHbiX no npoeKTY MK
X03~HCTB norryqaiOT rocy~apCTBeHHbiH aKT perHCTpaUHH npaBa C06CTBeHHOCTH JIHWb nocrre
BbiXO~a H3 X03~HCTBa C UeJibiO C03~aHH~ qacTHOfO npe~npH~TH~, TOr~a KaK CTpaTerH~
¢HpMbi "POHKO" npe~ycMaTpHBaeT Bbmaqy aKTa 0 npaBe C06CTBeHHOCTH BCeM aKl(HOHepaM
B Ka)K~OM X03~HCTBe O~HOBpeMeHHO.
-
3. PeJyJihTaThl peoprauuJau;uu xoJHHCTB: )J;aHHhie, co6pauuhle ua MecTax
B rrocne.n;yKnu;rrx pa3.n;enax (fnaBbi 3-7) rrpe.n;cTaBneHhi pe3ynhTaTbi rrccne.n;oBaHrrx, IIpOBO)J;HBIIIerocx B qeTBepTOM KBapTane 1998 fO)J;a H OXBaTHBIIIero 86 peopraHH30BaHHbiX cenhCKOX03XiicTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrprrxTHX B 12 o6nacTxx Y KpaHHbi ( cTpyKTYPY Bbr6opKrr CMOTpH B Ta6Jiuu;e 1.1). ~nx cpaBHeHrrx pe3ynhTaTOB, rrccne.n;oBaHrre TaK)I(e oxBaTbmano )J;eB5ITb HepeopraHH30BaHHbiX X035IHCTB H OKOJIO 100 He3aBHCHMbiX qaCTHbiX cpepMepOB.
3.1. OpzaHU3GlfUOHHble ifJopMbl u MoOe!lu peopzaHU3GlfUU
CBbiiiie 60% X035IHCTB, oxBaqeHHbiX rrccne.n;oBaHrreM, 3aperrrcTprrpoBanHCb B KaqecTBe KonneKTHBHbiX cenbCKOX035IHCTBeHHbiX rrpe.n;rrpH5ITHH (KCIT, OcpHI(HanbHbiX
rrpaBOIIpeeMHHKOB COBeTCKHX KOJIX030B) H KOMIIaHHH C orpaHrrqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO
(Ta6JIHD;a 3.1). Eme 30% X035IHCTB orrpe.n;enHnHCb KaK aKI(HOHepHbie KOMIIaHHH H "qacTHbie apeH.IJ;Hbie rrpe.n;rrprrxTrrx". XoTx "qacTHOe apeH.n;Hoe rrpe.n;rrprrxTrre" He xBnxeTcx
ocpHI!HMbHO IIpH3HaHHOH cpOpMOH opraHH3al(HH, 3TO IIOH5ITHe IIIHpOKO HCIIOJ1b3yeTC5I )J;J15I
0603HaqeHH5I HOBbiX X035IHCTB B yrrpaBneHHH e.IJ;HHOJ1HqHOfO cpepMepa, KOTOpbiH )J;OIIOJ1H5IeT
CBOH C06CTBeHHbiH 3eMeJ1bHbiH Ha.n;en 3eMne:H:, apeH)J;OBaHHOH y .n;pyrrrx qacTHbiX JIHI( HJIH
X035IHCTB. Bee qacTHbie apeH.n;Hhie rrpe.n;rrprrxTrrx 6biJIH yqacTHHKaMH rrpoeKTa
peopraHH3al(HH X035IHCTB AMP ClllA/"PoHKo", KOTOpbiH co3.n;aeT rrpe.n;rrochiJIKH .n;nx 3To:H:
opraHH3a!IHOHHOH cpopMbi.
Ta6Jiuu;a 3.1. Pacrrpe.n;eneHrre X035IHCTB rro cpopMaM opraHH3au;rrrr (% X035IHCTB B Ka)l(.n;o:H: KaTeroprrrr)
Bcsr Bhi6opKa "0TKOJIOBlliHecsr" "HeoTKOJIOBlliHeCSI
X03SillCTBa* "X03SillCTBa*
KonneKTHBHoe ceJibCKOX03srH:cTBeHHOe 31 6 45
npe.n;nprrsrTHe
KoMnaHHSI c orpaHWieHHOH 31 55 18
OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO
AKU:HOHepHasr KOMnaHHSI 15 3 21
qaCTHOe apeH)J,HOe npe.n;npHSITHe 13 19 9
ArpoqmpMa 6 13 2
ITpoqHe cpopMhi 4 4 5 ~
*"0TKOJIOBIIIHeCSI X03HHCTBa" C03)],3IOTCH B pe3yJibT3Te paCKOJia 6onee KpyiiHOrO 6hiBIIIero rrpeJ],IIpHHTHH Ha
HeCKOJibKO IOpH)l,WieCKHX JIHU BO BpeMH peopraHH33UHH; "HeOTKOJIOBIIIHeCH" X03HHCTB3 HBJIHIOTCH
npeJ],IIpHHTHRMH-IIpaBOIIpeeMHHK3MH, C03)],3HHhiMH Ha OCHOBe 6a30BOrO CeJihCKOX03HHCTBeHHOro
rrpe)l,npHHTHSI nocpe)l,CTBOM peopraHmaui-m 1: 1.
HeKOTOpbre X035IHCTBa coo6mrrnrr, qTo 6biJIH c03.n;aHbi B pe3ynhTaTe pacKona 6onee
Kpyrmoro cenbCKOX0351HCTBeHHoro rrpe.n;rrprr51TH51 Ha HeCKOJibKO IOprr.n;rrqecKHX nHI!. Mbr
OTHOCHM HX K "OTKOJ10BIIIHMC51 X0351HCTBaM". 3Ta rpyrrrra BKJ1IOqaeT X0351HCTBa, KOTOpbie B
rrpOI!eCce peopraHH3a!IIIH MOfJIH 3HaqrrTeJibHO )'MeHbiiiHTbC51 B pa3Mepax. "0TKOJ10BIIIHeC51
X0351HCTBa" (1/3 Bbi60pKH) KaK rrpaBHJIO peopraHH30BbiBMHCb KaK KOMIIaHHH C orpaHrrqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTbiO, qaCTHbie apeH)J;Hbie rrpe.n;rrpH51TH51 II arpocpHpMbi (90% rpyrrrrhr). ITpaKTrrqecKrr HH o.n;Ho H3 "oTKonoBIIIHXC51 X0351HCTB" He 6hiJIO 3aperrrcTprrpoBaHo
B KaqeCTBe aKI(HOHepHOH KOMIIaHHH HJIH KOnneKTHBHOfO cenbCKOX0351HCTBeHHOfO
21
-
22 YKpaww: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU ce!lbCKOX035liicmeeHHblX npeiJnpU5lmuii
rrpep,rrpiUITII.SI. TeM He MeHee, 3TH ¢opMbi opraHH3aiiHH 6wm HaH6onee rrorry~l5IpHbiMH
cpe,IJ,H OCTaJibHOH qaCTH "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB, KOTOpbre peopraHH30BaJIHCb B
COOTHOllleHHH 1: 1 6e3 cyiiieCTBeHHOfO yMeHbllleHHSI pa3MepOB. 2/3 "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB 6oiJIH KOJIJieKTHBHblMH CeJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHblMH rrpep,rrpH5ITM5IMH H
aKIIHOHepHbiMll KOMIIaHHSIMH; eiiie 20% COCTaBJISIJIH KOMIIaHHH C orpaHH:qeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO. TaKHM o6pa3oM, KOMrraHHSI c orpaHHqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO
5IBJI5IeTC5I rrorryn5IpHOH ¢opMOH cpe,IJ,H "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB, KOTOpbie
peopraHH30BaJIHCh B cooTHOllleHHH 1: 1, H cpep,H YMeHblliHBlliHXCSI B pa3Mepax "OTKOJIOBlliHXCSI X035IHCTB", XOTSI H rrpeBaJIHpyeT B 3HaqH:TeJibHOH CTerremi cpep,H
IIOCJie,IJ,HHX.
EcnH Bee "HeOTKOJIOBlliHecSI" X035IHCTBa 6omH oqeBH,IJ,HO pe3yJII>TaTOM peopraHH3aiiHH
1: 1, 1/3 "OTKOJIOBlliHXCSI X035IHCTB" TaK)l(e C006IIIHJIH, qTo HX MaTepHHCKOe KOJIJieKTHBHOe X035IHCTBO ¢aKTHqecKH p,ano JIHlllh O,IJ,HO OTHOCHTeJihHO KpyrrHoe rrpep,rrpHSITHe. TeM He
MeHee, 3TO 6hiJIO rrpep,rrpHSITHe MeHhlliHX pa3MepoB, IIOCKOJibKY ero C03)1,aHH:e
COIIpOBO)l()l,aJIOCb IIOSIBJieHH:eM rpyrriihl HOBbiX qacTHbiX X035IHCTB, OT,IJ,eJIHBlliHXCSI OT
6biBlllero KOJIJieKTHBa ( OT 3 )1,0 17). TaKHM o6pa30M, MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO ¢aKTH:qeCKH pa3,l1,p06HJIOCb Ha O)l,HO KOprropaTHBHOe rrpep,rrpHSITHe H HeCKOJibKO qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBeHHbiX
rrop,pa3,IJ,eneHH:H. OcTaJihHhre 2/3 "oTKOJIOBlliHXCSI X035IHCTB" coo6IIIHJIH, qTo o6pa30BaJIHCh H3 MaTepHHCKOfO KOJIJieKTHBHOfO X035IHCTBa, pa3,IJ,eJIH:BlllefOC5I Ha 2-6 6onee MeJIKIIX qacTeH, IIpH O)l,HOBpeMeHHOM IIOSIBJieHHH B IIpOIIeCce peopraHH3aiiHH qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBeHHblX
IIO,IJ,pa3,IJ,eJieHHH (Ta6JIHUa 3.2). Ha OCHOBe BCeX OTBeTOB, rronyqeHHbiX B XO,IJ,e o6cJie,IJ,OBaHH5I, Mbl orrpep,eJIIIJIH, qTO, B cpep,HeM, Ka)l(,IJ,Oe MaTepHHCKOe X035IHCTBO
pa3,l1,p06HJIOCb Ha 1,5 KOprropaTHBHbiX rrpep,rrpH5ITH5I IIJIIOC 3 qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBa.
Ta6m1ua 3.2. ,[(eneHHe MaTepHHCKHX KOJIJieKTHBHhiX xo35IHCTB B rrpoiiecce peopraHH3aiiHH
% qMCJlO KpynHhiX qaCTOTa Cpep,Hee 'IMCJlo p,on.
pecnOH)l,CHTO qacTeif, MH,li,HBM,Il.
B (113 'IMCJla C03)1,aHHhiX B X035IHCTBCHHhiX
86) pe3yllhTaTe nop,pa3P,CJ1CH!1H
,ll,po6JleHM5I
MaTepiiHCKOfO
X035IHCTBa
''HeOTKOJlOBIIIMCC5I" 64 1 100% 1,5
X035IHCTBa
"0TKOJ10BIIIMCC5I 36 1 32% 5
X035IHCTBa"
2 35% 3
3-6 29% 9
3.2. PmMepbl X035liicm6: 3eM!l5l u aKIJUOHepbl
Cpep,Hee xo35IHCTBO B Bor6opKe 3aHHMaeT 3 000 ra, qTo rrprrpaBHHBaeTcSI K pa3MepaM KOJIJieKTHBHbiX X035IHCTB COBeTCKOfO rrepHO,IJ,a. "0TKOJIOBlliHeC5I X035IHCTBa",
c¢opMHpOBaBlliHeC5I KaK qacTh 6onee KpyiiHOfO MaTepHHCKOfO X035IHCTBa, ,IJ,eHCTBHTeJibHO
MeHbllle "HeOTKOJIOBlliHXCSI" X035IHCTB: 2 250 ra B cpaBHeHHH C 3 500 ra (Ta6JIHUa 3.3). Cpep,H pa3JIHqHhiX opraHH3aiiHOHHhiX ¢opM, KOJIJieKTHBHhre cenoCKOX035IHCTBeHHbre
rrpep,IIpH5ITH5I 5IBJ15IIOTC5I CaMbiMH KpyrrHbiMH, 3aHHMaSI CBbillle 4 000 ra; qaCTHbie apeH,IJ,Hbie
-
3. Pe3ynbmambz peopzaHU3GlJUU xo3Riicme: OaHHbze, co6paHHbze Ha Mecmax 23
rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHJI HMeiOT HaHMeHhiiiHH pa3Mep (MeHee 2 000 ra), TOr,n:a KaK KOMIIaHHH C orpaHHqeHHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCThiO H aK:U:HOHepHhie KOMIIaHHH 3aHHMaiOT IIpOMe)l(yToqHoe
IIOJIO)I(eHHe IIpH HaJIHqHH IIOqTH 3 000 ra/X035IHCTBO.
T 6 33 C a JIHU:a .. ~pe,n:HHe pa3Mephl X035IHCTB ,ll;JI5I pa3JIHqHJ>IX rpyrrrr rrpe,n:rr pH5ITHH Ben "0TKO "HeOTKOJIOB KCIT KoMrramm c AKU:MOH. lJaCTH.
Bhi6opKa JIOBIII. Ill. X03-Ba" OrpaH. OTB. KOMII. apeH.l(H.
X03- rrpe.l(rrp.
Ba"
Cp. pa3-phl 3 000 2 250 3 500 4 300 2 650 2 700 1 700
xo3-Ba, ra
3/4 3eMJIH, KOTOpOH BJia,n:eiOT X035IHCTBa, B cpe,n:HeM KJiaCCHI; OCTaJihHhie 5% apeH,ll;YIQTC5I y rocy,n:apCTBa (2/3) HJIH y ,n:pymx ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe,n:rrpH5ITHH (1/3). ApeH,n:a 3eMJIH y qacTHhiX JIH:U:, KpoMe aK:U:HOHepoB, He rrpaKTHKyeTc5I. ITo coo6IIIeHH5IM
qacTHhiX apeH,ll;HhiX npe,n:npH5ITHH, OHM 3HaqHTeJihHO 60Jihiiie ITOJiaraiOTC5I Ha apeH,n:y 3eMJIH:
75% 3eMJIH B HX C06CTBeHHOCTH apeH,n:yeTC5I y aK:U:HOHepOB H 10% - y rocy,n:apCTBa. 3eMJI5I apeH,n:yeTC5I y aK:U:HOHepOB 60Jihiiieif qaCThiO Ha 5 JieT (60% peCITOH,n:eHTOB), XOT5I HeKOTOphle X035IHCTBa C006IIIHJIH KaK 0 6onee KOpOTKOM (1-3 ro,n:a), TaK H 6onee npO,ll;OJI)I(HTeJihHOM (6-1 0) cpoKax apeH,n:hi. C,n:aqa 3eMJIH B apeH,n:y - He o6IIIerrpHH5ITOe 5IBJieHHe: 3eMJIIO B apeH,n:y c,n:aiOT MeHee 20% X035IHCTB, OXBaqeHHhiX HCCJie,n:oBaHHeM (rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M ITO,ll; IIpHyca,n:e6Hhie yqaCTKH CBOHX qJieHOB H qaCTHhiM IqHo CpOKOM Ha IT5!Th JieT.
Pacnpe.QeneHIIIe "'lllcna "'neHos-y"'pe.QIIITenelll
% X03fliiiCTB 35
30
25
20 .......... .. .................... .
15 .......... . ........ .
10
5
0
PMCYHOK 3.1.
2-100
I I 100-250 250-500 500-750 750-1000 >1000
4~cno y4peA~Tenelll
-
24 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHU3GlJUU ceJlbCKOX03flUCm6eHHblX npeonpURmuu
qHCJIO qJieHOB-ynipe,[{HTeJieH, OTBeqaJOID;HX 3a C03,[{aHHe peopraHH30BaHHhiX
X035IHCTB, KOJie6JieTC5! OT 1 ,[{0 3 000. ITo coo6rn;eHH5IM 35% X035IHCTB, qarn;e BCero qHCJIO qJieHOB-ynipe,[{HTeJieH B rrpe):{eJiaX 250-500 (PHC. 3.1). 0):{HaKO 15% X035IHCTB C03,[{aeTC5! O,[{HHM yn!pe,[{H:TeJieM: 3TO qaCTHhie rrpe):{IIpH5ITH5! B yrrpaBJieHHH O,[{HOrO BJia,[{e;lh!Ia. C
):{pyroH: cTopoHhi, 13% X035IHCTB coo6rn;HJIH o 6one qeM 750 aKI!HOHepax-ynipe):{H:Temix H TPH X035IHCTBa (H3 86) - o 6onee qeM 1 000 ynipe):{H:TeneH:. Cyrn;ecTByeT ):{OCTaToqHo TeCHM B3aH:MOCB5!3h Me)l(,[{y KOJIH:qeCTBOM ynipe):{H:TeJieH If IIJIOID;a,[{hlO 3eMeJihHOrO Ha,[{eJia
X035IHCTBa: C B03pacTaHHeM KOJIH:qecTBa ynipe,[{HTeJieH IIJIOID;a,[{h 3eMJIH B03pacTaeT
(Ta6JIHIJ,a 3.4).
Ta6Jinu,a 3.4. Pacrrpe,[{eJieHH:e qlfcna qJieHOB-yqpe):{H:TeneH: H cpe):{HHe pa3Mephi X035IHCTB
KomflieCTBO yqpe.runeneii I % X03~HCTB I Cpe.UHHe pa3Mephi X03~HCTBa, ra 15 1 800
2- 100 13 1 900
101-250 13 2 600
251-500 33 2 400
501 -750 13 3 600
751- 1 000 9 4 200
Csb!Ine 1 000 4 6 900
Xo35IHCTBa c 6oJihiiiHM qlfcJIOM aKI!HOHepoB-yqpe):{H:TeneH: rronaraiOTC51 rroqTH
HCKJIJOqH:TeJihHO Ha 3eMeJihHhie rraH CBOHX ynipe,[{HTeJieH. C ):{pyroif CTOpOHhi, X035IHCTBa,
HaCqlfThiBaiOID;He ,[{0 50 aKI!HOHepoB, IIOJiaraiOTC51 Ha apeH,[{y 3eMeJihHhiX rraeB y aKI!HOHepoB, He 5IBJI5IIOID;HXC51 qJieHaMH-ynipe):{HTeJI5IMH. B pe3yJihTaTe, qlfcJio rraeB, cpaKTH:qeCKH HCIIOJih3yeMOe 3THMH "HH,[{HBH,[{YaJihHhiMH" X035IHCTBaMH 3HaqH:TeJihHO
rrpeBhiiiiaeT qlfCJIO rraeB, BHeceHHhiX JIHIIIh yqpe,[{H:TeJI5IMH: B 3THX X035IHCTBaX 60 3eMeJihHhiX rraeB IIpHXO,[{HTC5! Ha O,[{HOrO yn!pe,[{H:TeJI51, TOr,[{a KaK B "X035IHCTBaX, C03,[{aHHhiX
HeCKOJihKHMH ynipe,[{HTeJI5IMH", Ha O,[{HOrO ynipe,[{HTeJI51 B OCHOBHOM IIpHXO,[{HTC51 OL(HH naif
(Ta6JIHIJ,a 3.5). TeM He MeHee, HeCMOTp51 Ha TaKyiO CTpyKTypy opraHH3a!IHH, KOr,[{a X035IHCTBO C03,[{aHO O,[{HHM HJIH COTH5IMH yqpe,[{HTeJieH, X035IHCTBa aKTHBHO HCIIOJih3YIOT
Tpy):{ 50% pa60THHKOB, qhlf aKI!HH OHH HCIIOJih3yiOT, TOr,[{a KaK ):{pyme 50% COCTaBJI5IIOT HeaKTHBHhie yniaCTHHKH (rreHCHOHephi, pa6oTHHKH COI!HaJihHOH cQ.>ephi H rrp.). OcHOBHoe
pa3JI1fqlfe 3aKmoqaeTC5! B TOM, qTO B X035IHCTBaX, C03,[{aHHhiX HeCKOJihKHMH ynipe,[{HTeJI5IMH,
pa60THH:KaMH: 06hiqHO 5IBJI5IIOTC51 TaK)I(e ynipe,[{HTeJIH, TOr,[{a KaK B "qaCTHhiX X035IHCTBaX",
C03,[{aHHhlX O,[{HHM ynipe,[{HTeJieM HJIH He60JihiiiHM qlfCJIOM ynipe,[{H:TeJieH, pa60THHKH C,[{aiOT
CBOH 3eMeJihHhie rraH: B apeH):{y ):{pyroMy X035IHCTBy.
Ta6Jinu,a 3.5. qHcno rraeB B rroJih30BaHHH xo35IHCTB, co3,[{aHHhiX O):{HHM H HecKOJibKHMH yqpe,[{H:TeJI5IMH
qlfCJIO y4pe)].IITeJieH 06IIIee 4lfCJIO % naeB aKTHBHbiX % naes neHCHOHepos H npo4HX
naes/ocHoBaTeJI~ pa60THHKOB HeaKTlfBHbiX yqaCTHHKOB
1-50 60 50 50
Csbiille 50 1,1 52 48
yYpe.UIITeJieii
aKTH:qecKH BCe aKI!HOHephi H:MeiOT ocpHI!HaJihHhiH ,[{OKyMeHT, orrpe):{eJI5IIOID;HH HX
HMyrn;ecTBeHHhie rrpaBa Ha 3eMJIIO. 3ToT ):{OKyMeHT o6hiqHo Bhi,[{aeTC51 aKI!HOHepy Ha pyKH.
CBhiiiie 70% HMeiOT 3eMeJihHhiH cepTHQ.>HKaT, ern;e 20%, no coo6rn;eHH5IM, HMeiOT
-
3. Pe3ynbmambl peopzaHU3GJ1UU X0351Ucme: oaHHble, co6paHHble Ha Mecmax 25
roey,n;apeTBeHHbiH aKT perHeTpau;:r:m npaB eo6eTBeHHOeTH Ha 3eMJIIO. Bee X03j{HeTBa e
npaBaMH eo6eTBeHHOeTH - ~aeTHHKH npoeKTa qJHpMbl "POHKO", noeKOJihKY 3TO
e,IJ;HHeTBeHHbiH npoeKT peopraHH3ai.(HH X03j{HeTB, KOTOpbiH npH,n;aeT oeo6oe 3HaqeHHe
cpaKTHqeeKOMY npe,n;oeTaBJieHHIO npaBa eo6eTBeHHoeTH Ha 3eMJIIO B YKpaHHe. B OTJIHqHe OT
Bbi,IJ;aqH 3eMeJibHbiX eepTHcpHKaTOB, KOTOpM HaXO,IJ;HTej{ Ha npO,D;BHHYTOM 3Tane,
npHyea,n;e6Hbie ~aeTKH cpaKTHqeeKH npHBaTH3HpyiOTeji eBOHMH BJia,IJ;eJibi.(aMH JIHIIIb B 55% X03jiHeTB. 3aMe,IJ;JieHHe TeMnOB npHBaTH3ai.(HH npHyea,n;e6HbiX yqaeTKOB Ha6JIIO,IJ;aeTej{ BO
Beex 12 o6JiaeTj{X, HO HaH60JibiiiM KOHI.(eHTpai.(Ifj{ X03jilleTB e HenpHBaTH3HpOBaHHbiMH 3eMeJibHbiMH ~aeTKaMH Ha6niO,n;aeTej{ B CYMeKoii H KHpoBorpa,n;eKoli o6naeTj{X. 3ToT cpaKT
Bbl3biBaeT y,n;HBJieHHe, noeKOJibKY B npoqHX OTHOIIIeHifj{X 3TH ,IJ;Be 06JiaeTH j{BJij{IOTej{
nporpeeeHBHbiMH pecpopMaTopaMH, TenJIO BeTpeTHBIIIHMH npoeKT peopraHH3ai.(HH X03jilleTB
cpHpMbl "PoHKO".
B 3/4 X03jiHeTB Bee aKI.(HOHepbi (a He TOJibKO ~pe,n;HTeJIH) HMeiOT npaBO Ha ,n;HBH,n;eH,IJ;bi. TeM He MeHee, npaKTHqeeKH HH o,n;Ho H3 X03j{HeTB He onpe,n;eJIHJIO eyMMY
,IJ;HBH,IJ;eH,IJ;OB, no,n;Jie)l(aii.(YI0 BbiiiJiaTe. BbiiiJiaTa ,ll;HBH,IJ;eH,IJ;OB OTHOeHTeji K HeYMeeTHbiM
BOnpoeaM (eornaeHO eoo61I.(eHHj{M 50% peenOH,IJ;eHTOB) B eBji3If e OTeyTeTBHeM npH6biJieH B X03jiHeTBaX B 1997- 1998 rr ..
B X03j{HeTBaX e 6oJiee qeM 50 ~pe,n;HTeJijiMH, 50% aKI.(HOHepoB e,IJ;aJIH B apeH,n;y eBOH 3eMeJibHbie naH npe,n;npHj!TifiO, 30% HHBeeTHpOBaJIH eBOH 3eMeJibHbie naH B aKI.(HOHepHbill KanHTaJI X03jilleTBa, a 13% naeB HeTOqHO onpe,n;eJij{JIHeb KaK "nepe,n;aHHbie eenbeKOX03j{HeTBeHHOMY npe,n;npHj!THIO". AKu;HoHepbr, HHBeeTHPYIOII.(He eBOH 3eMeJibHbie
naH B aKI.(HOHepHbiH KanHTaJI X03j{HeTBa, OcpHI.(HaJibHO OTKa3biBaiOTej{ OT eBoero npaBa Ha
cpH3HqeeKHH ~aeTOK 3eMJIH: 3eMJiji, npe,n;eTaBJieHHaji HX naeM, HbiHe j{BJij{eTej{
eo6eTBeHHOeTbiO Kopnopau;HH. ITaiiii.(HKH, e,n;aiOII.(He eBOH 3eMeJibHbie naH B apeH,n;y
eeJibeKOX03j{HeTBeHHOMY npe,n;npHj{THIO, B npHHI.(Hne eoxpaHj{IOT eBoe npaBO
eo6eTBeHHOeTH Ha cpH3HqeeKHe yqaeTKH 3eMJIH, BKJIIOqM npaBo KoHeqHoro HTbj!Tifj{. CTaTye
TeX, KTO "nepe,n;an" eBOH 3eMeJibHbie naH npe,n;npHj{THIO, He nOHj{TeH. Ta6JIHIJ;a 3.6 ,n;eMoHeTpHpyeT qeTKHe pa3JIHqHj{ B eTpyKType paenpe,n;eneHHj{ 3eMeJibHbiX naeB epe,n;H
pa3JIHqHbiX npoeKTOB peopraHH3ai.(HH X03j{HeTB. B npoeKTe MK H O,n;eeeKoM npoeKTe
cpHpMbi "KaprHJIJI" /6pHTaHeKoro cpoH,n;a "Hoy-Xay" 3eMeJibHbie naH B no,n;aBJij{IOII.(eM
60JibiiiHHeTBe e,n;aHbl B apeH,n;y npe,n;npHj{THIO (B X03j{HeTBaX, ~aeTBYIOII.(HX B npoeKTe
MK, 3TO npe,n;nonaraeT 3aKJIIOqeHHe eneu;HanbHbiX eornaiiieHHH, npe,n;yeMaTpHBaiOII.(HX
"OTKa3 OT npHMeHeHifj{ npHHY,IJ;HTeJibHbiX Mep", KOTOpbre 3KenepTbi no npaBOBbiM BOnpoeaM
MK peKOMeH,IJ;YIOT BMeeTO eTaH,n;apTHbiX apeH,IJ;HbiX ,IJ;OrOBOpOB B eHTyai.(Ifj{X, KOr,n;a 3eMJij{
cpaKTHqeeKH He j{BJijieTej! qaeTHoii eo6eTBeHHOeTbiO ). Cpe,n;H ,n;o6poBOJibHO
peopraHH30BaHHbiX X03j{HeTB 3HaqHTeJibHO 60JibiiiHH npou;eHT 3eMeJibHbiX naeB
HHBeeTHpyeTej! B aKI.(HOHepHbiH KanHTaJI npe,n;npHj{Tifj!. YKa3aHHoe 3HaqHTeJibHoe
npeo6na,n;aHHe apeH,IJ;bi B KaqeeTBe enoeo6a paenpe,n;eneHHj{ 3eMeJibHbiH naeB B paMKax
Me)l(,IJ;yHapO,D;HbiX ,IJ;OHOpeKHX npoeKTOB nO-BH,ll;HMOMY jiBJijieTej{ pe3yJibTaTOM XOpOIIIO
npO,D;YMaHHOH eTpaTerHH peiiieHifj{ npaBOBbiX BOnpoeOB H aKTHBHbiX KaMnaHHH no
HHcpopMHpOBaHHIO HaeeJieHifji, KOTOpbie He,IJ;OCTynHbl X03j{lleTBaM, peopraHH3YIOII.(HMej{
,n;o6pOBOJibHO, 6e3 BHeiiiHeH nOMOII.(H.
-
26 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3a71uu ceJibCKoxo3Rucm6eHHblX npeonpURmuii
Ta6JIHU:a 3.6. KaK aKl(HOHepbi TIOCTYTIHJIH CO CBOHMH 3eMeJibHhiMH TIMMH? (o/o aKIUIOHepOB B X035IHCTBaX, C03.UaHHbiX onee qeM yqpe,nHTeJI.HMH 6 40 )
Bee xo3- "KaprHim"/EpHT. MK "PoHKo"/ )J;o6poBOJihHa~
sa cpoH)J, "Hoy-Xay" AMPClllA peopraHH3aU.H~
HHsecTHposanH B 31 3 0 31 45
aKU.HOHepHbiH KaTIHTaJI
C)J,aJIH B apeH.D.Y c/x 50 85 64+34 65 21
npe)J.rrpH~THIO
ITpo.D.aJIH 0 0 0 0 0
rrpe)J,rrpH~THIO
ITepe.D.aJIH 13 12 2 0 17
npe)J.rrpH~THIO
ITpoqHe 6 0 -- 3 3
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aKl(HOHepaM: no coo6meHH.HM HaH6oni>rnero qlfcna aKl(HOHepoB (30%) nrneHHl(a cocTaBJI.HeT nOJIOBHHY BCeX BhiTIJiaT aKl(HOHepaM B HaTypaJibHOM Bbipa)l(eHHH. Bee npoqHe TOBapHhie
KYJII>Typni (BKmoqM MyKy, caxap, pacTHTeJihHoe Macno, npo,nyKThi )l(lfBOTHOBO.UCTBa)
.HBJI.HIOTC.H, no C006Il(eHH.HM, cpe,nCTBOM OnJiaTbi HaTypoil .UJI.H MeHee qeM 10 pecnoH,neHTOB B Bhi6opKe.
3. 3. YnpaeJzeHue xo3JtucmeGMu
Pacnpe.neneHHe 3eMeJihHhiX H HMymecTBeHHhiX naeB pa6oTHHKaM .HBJI.HeTC.H
npe,nnOCbillKOH BHyTpeHHero neperpynnHpOBaHH.H npOH3BO.lJ:HTeJibHhiX CHJI B
X035IHCTBeHHbiX no,npa3,neJieHH.HX, 6onee npHCnOC06JieHHhiX K pa6oTe B pbiHOqHhiX
ycnoBH.HX. TaKHM o6pa30M, nepexo.n K aBTOHOMHhiM YHKl(HOHaJihHbiM no,npa3,neneHH5IM
5IBJI5IeTC5I O.lJ:HHM H3 OCHOBHhiX MeponpH.HTHH BHyTpeHHeH peopraHH3al(HH 6biBillHX
KOJIJieKTHBOB Ha 3Tane peopraHH3al(HH, cne.nyromeM nocne pacnpe,neneHH.H naeB. 70% X035IHCTB B Bbi60pKe COXpaH.HIOT opraHbi l(eHTpaJIH30BaHHOf0 ynpaBJieHH.H no o6pa3U.Y
6hiBillHX KOJIJieKTHBOB; C ,npyroil CTOpOHbi 30% X035IHCTB C006IliaiOT, qTo OHH He HMeiOT l(eHTpaJibHOfO pyKOBO.UCTBa If OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb, no-BH.lJ:HMOMy, CMeCTHJiaCb B 60JibllieH
cTeneHH Ha ypoBeHh no,npa3,neneHHH.
B X03.HHCTBax c u.eHTpaJIH30BaHHhiM ynpaBJieHHeM nnaHHpoBaHHe npoH3BO.UCTBa H
KOHTpOJib 3a no,npa3,neJieHH.HMH .HBJI.HIOTC.H OCHOBHbiMH
-
3. Pe3y!lbmambr peopzaHU3alJUU X03Jlucme: iJaHHble, co6paHHble Ha Mecmax 27
peopram13ai.J;HH. B X03.HikTsax 6e3 u;eHTpaJibHoro pyKoso,n:cTsa rro,n:pa3,n:eneHH.H HMeiOT ropa3,n:O 60JibiiiYfO CTerreHb He3aBHCHMOCTH B pa31IU'1HbiX ccpepax X03.HHCTBeHHOH
,n:e.HTeJibHOCTH, qeM B X03.HHCTBaX, COXpaH.HIOII.J;HX I.J;eHTpaJIH30BaHHOe yrrpaBJieHHe (Ta6JIUIJ;a 3.8). Pa3JIHqHe Me)l(,n:y 3THMH JJ:BYM.H rpyrrrraMH X03.HHCTB oco6eHHO rrpo.HBJI.HeTC.H B cpHHaHCOBbiX orrepai.J;H.HX ( C06CTBeHHbiH 6aHKOBCKHH cqeT, ,ll;OCTYII K Kpe,n:HTaM) H
IIpHo6peTeHHH CeJibCKOX03.HHCTBeHHbiX MaTepHaJibHO-TeXHHqeCKHX pecypCOB.
Ta6Jiuu;a 3.7. yHKI.J;HH I.J;eHTpaJibHOrO pyKOBO,ll;CTBa (% OT KOJIHqecTBa X03.HHCTB B Bhi6opKe ( 61) - 71% OT o6II.J;eH: Bbi6opKH - coo6II.J;HBIIIHX o u;eHTpaJibHOM pyKoso,n:cTBe)
IlJiaHHpOBaHHe IIpOH3BOJJ:CTBa H KOHTpOJib 3a IIO,n:pa3,n:eneHH.SJMH
Koop,n:HHaJ..(H.SI rrpoH3Bo,n:cTBeHHOH ,n:eHTeJibHOCTH B no,n:pa3,n:eneHHHX
ITpe,n:ocTaBneHHe X03HHCTBeHHhiX ycnyr no,n:pa3,n:eneHHHM
ITpe,n:ocTaBneHHe 3KcnepTHhiX ycnyr no,n:pa3,n:eneHHHM
ITpe,n:ocTaBneHHe a,n:MHHHCTpaTHBHhiX ycnyr
IJpHo6peTeHHe CeJlbCKOX03HHCTBeHHhiX MaTepHa!lbHO-TeXHH'1eCKHX
pecypcoB ,n:nH no,n:pa3,n:eneHHH
PeanH3aQHH npo,n:yKQHH
0THOIIIeHHH C 6aHKaMH H cpHHaHCOBbiMH opraHH3aQHHMH
Ka,n:poBoe pyKoBo,n:cTBo, BKJli0'1aH HaeM H yBOJlhHeHHe
90
49
41
43
39
54
53
46
49
Ta6Jiuu;a 3.8. He3aBHCHMOCTb rro,n:pa3,n:eneHHH (% pecrroH,n:eHTOB B Ka)l(,n:OH KaTeropHH) Ccpepbi X03HHCTBeHHOH Bee X03HHCTBa
,n:eHTeJlhHOCTH, B
KOTOpblX
no,n:pa3,n:eneHHH
,n:eHCTBYIOT He3aBHCHMO
IlJiaHHpOBaHHe H
ynpaBneHHe
npOH3BOJJ:CTBOM
IlpHo6peTeHHe
MaTepHa!lbHO-
TeXHH'1eCKHX pecypCOB
PeanH3aQHH npo,n:yKQHH
Co6cTBeHHhiH
6aHKOBCKHH C'1eT
,ll;ocryn K Kpe,n:HTaM
Co6cTBeHHhiH
a,n:MHHHCTpaTHBHhiH
nepcoHan
HaeM/yBoJlhHeHHe
52
9
16
11
8
15
20
Xo3HHCTBa c
QeHTpa!lH30BaHHbiM
ynpaBneHHeM (71%)
62
7
15
8
5
15
20
Xo3HHCTBa 6e3
QeHTpa!lH30BaHHOrO
ynpaBJleHHH (29%)
41
24
29
24
24 24
29
PyKoso,n:HTeJIH o,n:H03HaqHo coo6II.J;aiOT o6 orrpe,n:eneHHhiX H3MeHeHH.HX B Tpy,n:oBbiX
OTHoiiieHH.HX rrocne peoprami3au;mL TaK, 69% pyKoBo,n:HTeneH: coo6II.J;HJIH o HeKoTopoM coKpaii.J;eHHH pa6oqeif CHJihi, qTo, 6e3ycnoBHO, cornacyeTc.H c o6II.J;HM YMeHbiiieHHeM
-
28 YKpauHa: o63op onbzma peopzaHU3GlfUU ceJlbCKOX03Rucm6eHHblX npeonpU5!muu
pa3MepOB X035IilcTB BO BpeM5! peopramnaUHIL 50% pyKOBO,[(HTeJieH OTMeTHJIH TaK)Ke HeKOTOpbie IIOJIO)Kl!TeJibHbie H3MeHeHH5! B IIOBe,neHHH pa60THHKOB-aKUHOHepOB
( o6beJJ:HHeHHhiX B II5!Th rroBe,neHqecKHX rrepeMeHHhiX, BKmoqa5J TPYJJ:OBYJO JJ:HCUH:IIJIHHY,
MOTHBaUHIO pa60THHKOB, Kpa)KH, paCIIHBaHHe CIIHpTHhiX HaiiHTKOB Ha pa6oqeM MeCTe,
y,noBrreTBopeHHOCTh pa6oTHHKOB pa6oTOH:). Eorree rro,npo6HM HHcpopMaUH5! o6 3THX
H3MeHeHH5IX rrpe,ncTaBJieHa B rJiaBe 7.
3. 4. T..JacmHble X0351:UCm6a 61le KO!llleKmU61lblX paMOK
Hccrre,noBaHHe oxBaTHrro 6orree 1 00 qacTHhiX cpepMepcKHX X035I:iicTB B Tex )Ke pall:oHax, me HaX0,[(5ITC5! CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHbie rrpe,niipH5ITH5!. 3TH qaCTHbie cpepMepCKHe X035IHCTBa
KaK IIpaBHJIO C03,[(aBaJIHCb B TeqeHHe 1992 - 1995 rr. (rroqTH 80% peCIIOH,[(eHTOB ). ITpaKTHqecKH Bee X035IHCTBa 3aperHcTpHpoBaHhi. PerHcTpauH5! rrpoH3BO,nHrracb B ro.n
C03,[(aHH5! X035IHCTB (JIHIIIh rrepBbie X035IHCTBa, C03,[(aHHhie B 1991-1992 rr., 3aperHCTpHpOBaJIHCb O,[(HHM-JJ:BYM5l ro,naMH II03)Ke BBHJJ:Y OTCYTCTBH5! ocpHUHaJihHbiX
pemCTpaUHOHHhiX rrpoue.nyp B Haqarre rrpouecca).
C030aHue 4acmHblX X03Riicm6. qacTHI>Ie xo35IHCTBa KaK rrpaBHJIO co3,naiOTC5! o,nHoll:
CeMbeH, XOT5! 1 0% X035IHCTB HaX0,[(5ITC5! B yrrpaBJieHHH .D:Byx HJIH Tpex CeMeH. B 3TOM OTHOIIIeHHH qaCTHbie X035IHCTBa B Y KpaHHe MO)KHO OXapaKTepH30BaTb KaK CeMeHHbie X035IHCTBa. Cpe,nHee cpepMepcKoe X035IHCTBO HacqHThiBaeT 4 qerroBeKa; 70% ,noMaiiiHHX X035IHCTB B Bbi60pKe C006IUHJIH, qTo KOJIHqeeTBeHHhiH eoCTaB HX eeMell: 3 - 5 qeJIOBeK. JIHIIIh 20% eeMell: )KHBYT B eBoeM X035!HeTBe; ,[(Be TpeTH eeMeH )KliBYT B ,nepeBHe, me paerroJio)KeHo HX xo35Ill:eTBO. TaKHM o6pa30M, paeeT05IHHe ,no X035!HeTBa He 5IBJI5IeTe5!
60JiblliOH rrpo6rreMOH. aKTHqeeKH Bee eeMhli )Kl!BYT B eo6eTBeHHOM qaeTHOM ,[(OMe; 1/3 eeMeH eoo6IUHJIH, qTO IIJiaHHpYJOT IIOeTpOHTh HOBbiH ,[(OM B TeqeHHe 6JIH)KaHIIIHX )~Byx JieT.
KpoMe eBoero qaeTHOrO X035!HeTBa, Bee eeMbH cpepMepoB HMeiOT IIpHyea,ne6HbiH yqaeTOK.
Ta6mn:J;a 3.9. ITpHqHHhi )KeJiaHH5! eTaTh qaeTHhiM cpepMepoM (% peerroH,neHToB)
I Bee pecnOH.JWHTbi I O.zvm sapwaHT OTBeTa )l{enaHwe pa6oTaTb caMoCT05ITeJihHO, 45% 38%
6e3 pyKoBOAHTeneii
BI>IHy)K)l.eHhi scne)l.CTBHe
He)l,OCTaT04HbiX )l,OXO)l,OB B pe3yJihTaTe
pa60Tbl B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X0351lfcTBe
)l{enaHwe o6ecne4HTh 6yAymee )l.eT51M
)l{enaHwe 6oJibiiie 3apa6aTbiBaTb
32%
28%
22%
35%
16%
6%
OcHoBHI>Ie rrpHqHHhi )KeJiaHH5! cTan qacTHhiM cpepMepoM ,neMOHeTpHpyeT Ta6mm,a 3.9. TpeTh peCIIOH,[(eHTOB YKa3arra HeCKOJibKO IIpHqHH; TaKHM o6pa30M, HX OTBeTbi COeTaBJI5IIOT
6orree 100%. ITpHqHHhi, yKa3aHHhie 2/3 pecrroH,neHTOB, OTBeTHBIIIHX o,nHo3HaqHo, ,neMOHCTpHpyeT rrocrre,nH5!5! KOJIOHKa Ta6JIHIJ,hi 3.9. XoT5! rroKa3aTeJIH, Bbipa)KeHHhie B rrpoueHTaX, OTJIHqaiOTe5!, HaH6orree Ba)KHOH IIpHqHHOH OCTaeTC5! O,[(Ha: HeCOOTBeTeTBYJOIUHH
,[(OXO,[( B pe3yJII>TaTe pa60Thi B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X035!HeTBe II )KeJiaHHe o6peeTH
He3aBHCHMOCTb.
,[(Be TpeTH cpepMepOB paHee pa60TaJIH B KOJIJieKTHBHOM X035IHCTBe. 0eTaJibHa5I qaeTb
pecrroH,neHTOB pa60Tarra B ccpepe ycrryr HJIH rrpOMhiiiiJieHHOCTH. HI>meiiiHHe cpepMepi>I
3aHHMaJIH OTHOeHTeJibHO BbieOKOe IIOJIO)KeHHe Ha rrpe)I{HeH pa6oTe: JIHUib 10%
-
3. Pe3Yllbmambz peopzaHu3a1Juu X03Rucm6: OaHHbze, co6paHHbze Ha Mecmax 29
peCIIOH)l.eHTOB OTHOCHJIHCb K qHCJIY HeKBa.rmqmu;HpOBaHHbiX pa6oqH:X HJIH MJia)l,IIIeMy
a)l.MHHHCTpaTHBHOMY rrepCOHa.Jiy; OCTa.JibHbie 6hiJIH yrrpaBJieHqecKHMH pa60THHKaMH,
rrpocpeCCHOHa.JibHbiMH CIIei.(Ha.JIHCTa.MH HJIH rrpoqHMH KBa.JIHcpHI.J;HpOBaHHbiMH pa60THHKaMH.
PecnOH)l.eHTOB MO)KHO paBHOMepHo pa3)l.eJIHTh Ha 3TH TPH Ka.TeropHH; Ta.KHM o6pa30M,
rrpesanHposaHHe 6biBIIIHX pyKoBO)l.HTeneii KOJIJieKTHBHhiX X035IHCTB cpe)l.H qacTHhiX
cpepMepOB OTCYTCTByeT.
Ta6mn.1,a 3.10. qTo rronyqHJIH qacTHhie cpepMepbi rrpH BhiXO)l.e H3 KOJIJieKTHBHoro CeJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOrO rrpe)l.IIpH5ITH5I? (% peCIIOH,Jl.eHTOB)
He nonyqmm HHqero 55%
ITaH B co6CTseHHOCTH c/x rrpe)l.npmiTWI 14%
Pacnpe)l.eJieHHe rraes He 3aBepweHo 10%
ITonyqHJIH 3eMeJihHhie HJIH HMyrn:ecTBeHHhie naH 19%
ITonyqHJIH 3eMeJihHhie naH 10%
B CTOHMOCTHOM Bhipa)KeHHH 0% Y qacTOK 3eMJIH 10%
ITonyqHJIH HMyrn:ecTBeHHhie naH 13%
B CTOHMOCTHOM Bhipa)KeHHH 1%
-
30 YKpauHa: o63op onblma peopzaHu3at~uu ce!lbCKOX03RikmeeHHblX npeonpURmuu
X035IHCTBaMR: no coo6rn;eH:H5IM, 85% qJieHOB 06be,n:H:HeH:HH CaMOCT05ITeJibHO ynpaBJI5IIOT CBO:HM npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBOM, ern;e 1 0% - Ha OCHOBe 06be.IJ:H:HeHHbiX npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBeHHbiX yc:HJI:HH, KOr,n:a CaMOCT05lTeJibHOCTb ¢epMepa nO,n:KpenJI5leTC5l COBMeCTHOH npOll3BO.IJ:CTBeHHOH
,n:e5ITeJihHOCTbiO qneHOB o6be.IJ:H:HeH:H5l. ITpaKT:HqecK:H Bee pecnoH,n:eHTbi cq:HTaiOT, qTo HMeiOT
nOJIHyiO CB06o,n:y B np:HH5IT:Hll perneH:HH KaCaTeJibHO npO:H3BO.IJ:CTBa ll npO.IJ:a:lKll npo,n:yKIJ;llll
ll 5IBJ15IIOTC5l X035leBaMll pe3yJibTaTOB CBOero Tpy,n:a ll CBO:HX .IJ:OXO.IJ:OB OT
ceJibCKOX035IHCTBeHHOH.IJ:e5lTeJibHOCTll.
3eM!lfl e tJacmHblX rjJepMepcKux X03flucmeax. Cpe,n:Hee X035IHCTBo B Bbi6opKe nMeeT 40 ra, np:H 3TOM nOJIOBH:Ha X035IHCTB llMeeT OT 10 .IJ:O 50 ra. 3eMJI5l B qacTHbiX X035IHCTBaX npe:HMyrn;ecTBeHHO naxoTHM (90% Ha.n:enoB ). Kon:HqecTBO oT,n:eJibHO pacnoJIO)I(eHHbiX yqacTKOB COCTaBJI5leT OT 1 .IJ:O 8, B cpe,n:HeM 2. LJeTKOH 3aBH:CllMOCTll Me)l(,n:y q:HCJIOM yqacTKOB ll pa3MepaMll Ha,n:eJIOB He cyrn;eCTByeT.
CTpyKTypa 3eMnenonb30BaHHSI e "4aCTHbiX xo3S~HcTeax
4aCTH851
C06CTB9HHOCTb
34%
PHCYHOK 3.2.
3eMJIIO B qaCTHbiX X035IHCTBaX nonyqaiOT ll3 .IJ:Byx OCHOBHbiX llCTOqHllKOB: OKOJIO 1/3 -3TO 3eMJI5l B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTll, noqT:H nOJIOBH:Ha 3eMJill - apeH,n:yeTC5l ( OCTaJibHa5I
qacTb coxpaH5leTc5l B cTapoll:, TaK Ha3biBaeMoll: ¢opMe Hacne.n:yeMoro e!laOeHU5l). 3To cpe,n:H5l5l CTPYKTypa 3eMnenoJib30BaH:H5l B Bbi6opKe (Puc. 3.2), o,n:HaKo, no pe3yJibTaTaM o6cJie.IJ:OBaHll5l, 6onee 40% qaCTHbiX X035IHCTB ¢aKT:HqeCKll He BJia,n:eiOT 3eMJiell:: BC5l 3eMJI5l apeH,n:yeTC5l. I1o.n:o6Ho npe)l(H:HM o6cne,n:oBaHR5IM B pemoHe EBponhi :H Cpe,n:Hell: A3llll,
apeH,n:a 3eMJill lli:HpOKO H:CnOJib3yeTC5l B KaqeCTBe Cpe,n:CTBa yBeJI:HqeH:H5l pa3MepoB
¢epMepcKoro X035IHCTBa. 45% X035IHCTB B Bbi6opKe coo6rn;:HJill, qTO OHll apeH,n:yiOT 3eMJIIO; 3TH: X035IHCTBa B cpe,n:HeM KpynHee X035IHCTB, He apeH,n:yiO:ru;llX 3eMJIIO ( 60 ra np:HMeHH:TeJibHO K X035IHCTBaM, apeH,n:yiO:ru;llM 3eMJIIO ll 25 ra - K X035IHCTBaM, He apeH.IJ:yiOIIJ;llM 3eMJIIO; pa3H:HIJ;a B pa3Mepax 5IBJI5leTC5l CTaT:HCT:HqecK:H 3Haq:HMOH).
Cy:w;ecTByeT oqeHb TecHa5l 3aB:HC:HMOCTb Me)l(.IJ:y pa3MepaM:H X035IHCTBa :H nnoma,n:biO
-
3. Pe3y!lbmambt peopcaHU3Gtfuu X03Rucme: oaHHbte, co6paHHbte Ha Mecmax 31
apeH,ll,yeMOH 3eMnH H ropa3,ll,O 6onee cna6a5I 3aBHCHMOCTb Me)J(,ll,y pa3MepaMH X0351HCTBa H
KOMIIOHeHTOM 3eMnH B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH. 3TO IIO,ll,Kperrn51eT BbiBO,ll, 0 TOM, qTo
X0351HCTBa pacTyT rnaBHbiM o6pa30M 6naro,ll,ap51 apeH,ll,e, a He HaKorrneHHIO 3eMnH B qaCTHOH
co6cTBeHHOCTH Ha ocHoBe orrepau;rrll: Kyrrnrr-rrpoJJ:a)J(H (nHIIIb OJJ:HH pecrroHJJ:eHT coo6IIJ;rrn o
rrprro6peTeHHH 3eMnrr: rroKyrrKa cocTaBn51na I ,50 ra 3a 600 rpH. rrnrr oKono 240 ,ll,onnapoB CiliA; coo6IIJ;eHH51 o rrpo,ll,a)J(e 3eMnH pecrrOHJJ:eHTaMrr OTCYTCTBYIDT). ·
TpaJJ:HU:HOHHO 3eMn51 B YKparrHe apeHJJ:yeTC51 H3 rocyJJ:apcTBeHHoro pe3epBa rrnrr y
MeCTHOrO KonneKTHBHOrO X0351HCTBa. 0)l;HaKO, IIOqTH 20% peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB, OXBaqeHHbiX rrccne,ll,oBaHHeM, coo6IIJ;rrnrr o6 apeHJJ:e 3eMnH y qacTHbiX nrru:, o qeM HHKOrJJ:a He
YIIOMHHanOCb B rrpe)J(HHX o6cne,ll,OBaHH51X (TafiJIHD;a 3.11). 0Kono 20% peCIIOH)l;eHTOB rrcrroni>3yeT TPaJJ:HU:HOHHhiH KaHan apeHJJ:hi 3eMnH y rocy,ll,apcTBa; eiiJ;e I 0% apeHJJ:YJOT 3eMniO y KOnneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB (a TaK)J(e H3 HeKoTopbiX JJ:pyrrrx rrcToqHHKOB). PmBHTHe
pbiHKOB apeH)l;bi 3eMnH, HaXO,ll,51IIJ;eHC51 B qaCTHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, B OTnrrqrre OT 3eMnH B
rocy,ll,apCTBeHHOH H KonneKTHBHOH C06CTBeHHOCTH, 51Bn51eTC51 HOBbiM Bbi,ll,aiOIIJ;HMC51
pa3BHTHeM C06biTHH, BbiTeKaiOIIJ;HX H3 HaCT051IIJ;ero o6cne,ll,OBaHH51.
Ta6JIHo;a 3.11. ApeH,ll,a 3eMnH qacTHhiMH ¢epMepaMH Bcero J1cToqmfKI1 apeH,ll,OBaHHOH 3eMJII1
qacTHbie Jm~a focy,ll,apcTBo KoJIJieKTHBHoe
X03SIHCTBO
PecrroH,ll,eHThi, apeH.ll.YIOIIJ,He 45% 17% 18% 12%
3eMJIIO
% apeH,l),OBaHHOH 3eMJilf 46% 19% 15% 12%
CpoK apeH,ll,hi 3-5 JieT I- 5 JieT 10- 15 JieT
3eMn51 rnaBHbiM o6pa30M apeH)l;yeTC51 Ha cpe,ll,HHH CpOK (Ta6JIHD;a 3.11): ,ll,OrOBOpbi o6 apeH)l;e 3aKnJOqaJOTC51 CpOKOM )1;0 5 neT, XOT51 He3HaqrrTenbHOe qrrcno ,ll,OrOBOpOB C rocyJJ:apcTBOM 3aKnJOqaeTC51 Ha I 0 rr 50 neT. Y JJ:HBHTenhHO TO, qTo cpoK apeHJJ:bi 3eMnH y KonneKTHBHbiX X0351HCTB HaH60nbiiiHH - I 0 - I5 neT, HO ,ll,OCTYII K 3TOMY HCTOqHHKy OKa3biBaeTC51 6onee orpaHrrqeHHbiM, qeM K JJ:BYM JJ:pyrHM HCTOqHHKaM. l.J:yBCTBO Ha)l;e)J(HOCTH
Bna)l;eHH51 3eMnell: rrpo51Bn51eTC51 y qacTHbiX cpepMepoB He oqeHh crrnhHO. MeHee rronoBHHhi
peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB cqrrTaiOT, qTO COXpaH51T CBOIO qacTHYJO C06CTBeHHOCTb Ha 3eMniO B
6y,ll,yiiJ;eM, TOr,ll,a KaK 1/3 peCIIOH,ll,eHTOB He yBepeHbi B 3TOM.
-
4. uuaHCOBhle pe3y Jib TaThl pafiOThl peopraHH30BaHHhiX CeJibCKOX03SIHCTBeHHhiX npe,IJ;npHSITHH
4.1. JlUK6U0HOCmb U 3GOO!lJICeHHOCmb
EaJiaHc ceJihCKOX035IHCTBeHHhiX rrpe,n:rrpmiTIIH YKpaiiHhi cocTOIIT rnaBHhiM o6pa30M
II3 OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOro KaiiiiTaJia, Ha KOTOpbie IIpiiXO,ll;IITC5I OKOJIO 90% o6IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB (Ta6JIHQa 4.1). B HOpMaJihHhiX pbiHO~HhiX ycJIOBIIHX ero MO)l{HO 6omo 6or c~IITaTh o~eHh )l{II3Hecrroco6HbiM 6aJiaHCOM, HOB YKpaiiHe (KaK II BO Bcex rrpo~IIX
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rrepiiO,ll;II~eCKOH IIH,ll;eKCaiiiiii OCHOBHhiX cpe,n:CTB B IIHcpJI511!1IOHHbie rO,ll;bl. BoiCOKIIH
IIOKa3aTeJib 6aJiaHCOBhiX OCHOBHbiX cpe,n:CTB II aKIIIIOHepHOrO KaiiiiTaJia a6COJIIOTHO He
CB5I3aH C 3KOHOMII~eCKOH CTOIIMOCTbiO 3TIIX aKTIIBOB II rJiaBHhiM o6pa30M 5IBJI5IeTC5I
MOIIIHhiM pe3epBOM rrepeOIIeHKII KaiiiiTaJia, C03,ll;aHHhiM B pe3yJioTaTe MexaHII~eCKOH
IIH,ll;eKCai!IIII rrepBOHa~aJibHOH CTOIIMOCTII aKTIIBOB COOTBeTCTBeHHO K 06IIIeMy IIH,ll;eKCY IIeH.
B TaKOH CIITyaiiiiii )l{eJiaTeJihHO COCpe,n:OTO~IITb BHIIMaHIIe Ha TeKYIIIIIX IIOKa3aTeJI5IX
6aJiaHCa, He IIO,n:Bepr1IIIIXC5I BJIII5IHIIIO rrepeOIIeHKII II rrpe,n:cTaBJI5IIOIIIIIX peaJihHYJO
,n:eHe)KHYJO CTOIIMOCTh.
Ta6JIHQa 4.1. Cpe,n:H5I5I cTpyKTypa 6aJiaHca peopraHII30BaHHhiX X035IHCTB, 1996-1998 rr. (% OT 06IIIeif C)'MMhi aKTIIBOB)
I 1996 I 1997 1 1998
06IIIa~ cyMMa aKTIIBOB, MJIH. rpH. 11 '1 10,1 10,1
AKTHBhl
OcHOBHbie cpe)J,CTBa 88% 86% 83%
06opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa 12% 14% 17%
ToBapHo-MaTepiiaJibHbie 3anacbi 10% 12% 15%
IIHaHCOBbie o6opOTHbie cpe)J,CTBa 2% 2% 2%
)J;e6JITOpcKa~ 3a)J,OJI)J{eH