Download - I. Animals A. Overview 1. 5th Kingdom (old system) 2. 10th Kingdom (new system) 3. > Million Species
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I. AnimalsA. Overview 1. 5th Kingdom
(old system) 2. 10th Kingdom
(new system) 3. > Million Species
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4. Why so much on animals? a. Diverse Forms b. Diverse Functions c. Much known d. similarities to us
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B. Animal Characteristics 1. Multicellular a. multicellular strategy occurs many times
- colonial protists - algae- plants- fungi- animals
b. differ from many unicellular protists
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B. Animal Characteristics 2. Eukaryotic a. different from bacteria
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2. Eukaryotic b. Lack Cell Walls
- membrane is phospholipid bilayer- Differ from plants, fungi
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B. Animal Characteristics 3. Heterotrophic a. require ingestion of preformed organic molecules
- depend on autotrophs for food - directly or indirectly
b. NO photosynthetic bodies
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B. Animal Characteristics 4. Locomotion a. Most capable of some form of locomotion
- actively moving around b. Occurs at some stage in the life cycle
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II. InvertebratesA. SPONGES (Parazoa)
1. loose federation of cells 2. Eumetazoa
- all other animals (including vertebrates)
- true tissues
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II. InvertebratesA. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) 1. Only member of Parazoa 2. No distinct tissues a. Cellular level of organization b. Division of labor among cells
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B. Eumetazoa 1. all other animals 2. true tissues 3. Radiata a. Radial symmetry
Parazoa(sponges)
Radiata
Eumetazoa
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3. Radiata a. Radial Symmetry
- symmetrical around central axis i. Like wheel or pie- have a top and bottom i. Oral (mouth) ii. Aboral (opposite side of mouth)- good for animals that are less active i. Sessile (stay in one place) ii. Drifting or weak swimming
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3. Radiata b. Cnidarians
- Hydra - Jellyfish - Sea Anemones/corals
Polyp Stage Medusa Stage
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4. Bilateria a. Bilateral Symmetry - central plane - some radial adults i. bilateral stage (e.g sea urchins)
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b. Triploblastic - have three germ layers in developing embryos i. endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm - germ layers become specialized tissues - Radiata - diploblastic (2) i. No mesoderm
Endodermdigestive tract
Mesoderm musclesmost organs
Ectodermbody covering
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C. Body Cavities 1. In Triploblastic animals
(3 developmental layers) 2. 3 groups
3. Based on presence of fluid filled space in tissues
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4. Acoelomates a. no body cavity b. flatworms
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5. Pseudocoelomates a. Coelomic space -between mesoderm and endoderm - 7 Phyla
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6. Coelomates a. True Coelom within mesoderm
b. 2 major groups
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D. Coelomate Invertebrates 1. Mollusks a. Foot b. visceral mass c. mantle (often produces shell) d. radula (scraping structure for eating)
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Chitons
e. Common Mollusk Groups
Bivalves (clams, oysters,Muscles, scallops)Gastropods
Snails, slugs
Cephalopods (squid, octopus)
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2. Annelids (Segmented worms)
LeechesPolychaete Worms
Earthworms
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3. Arthropods a. Exoskeleton - molting growth b. Segmented body - fused segments
(tagmata) c. jointed appendages
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d. Arachnids (Class Arachnida)
TicksScorpions
Spiders
Mites
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- four pairs of walking legs
- Chelicerae i. capture1st pair of appendages ii. biting mouth parts - feeding iii. claw-like
- Pedipalps i. 2nd pair of appendages ii. used in prey
- 2 tagmata (body sections) i. cephalothorax (fusion of head and thorax) ii. abdomen
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Barnacles
CrabShrimp
Fairy shrimp
e. Crusteceans(Subphylum Crustecea) - antennae - 2 pair - Biramous appendages
Lobster
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f. Centipedes and Millipedes (Subphylum Myriopoda)
Millipedes- two pairs walking legs/segment- pairs of segments fused- generally eat plant matter
Centipedes- antennae- 1 pair walking legs/segment- terrestrial carnivores i. modified 1st legs - fangs
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g. Insects(Subphylum Hexapoda -
Class Insecta)
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- outnumber all other forms of life combined- 26 orders- explosion of diversity with evolution of flight
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- Three segments i. Head - 1 pair antennae ii. Thorax - 3 pairs of segmented walking appendages - Uniramous iii.. Abdomen
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Indirect Development i. egg, larva, pupa, adult ii. larval stage different from adult iii. requires metamorphosis
Direct Development i. juvenile has adult form ii. egg, nymph, adult
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4. Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) a. Marine b. Secondary radial symmetry (larvae bilaterally semetric) c. Endoskeleton
Sea Lilies Sea Cucumbers
Sea Stars Brittle Stars Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars