Download - HYDROTHERMAL VENTS
![Page 1: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
An expedition from Woods Hole An expedition from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution using Oceanographic Institution using ALVIN,ALVIN, discovered communities of discovered communities of animals living around deep animals living around deep hydrothermal vents off the hydrothermal vents off the Galapagos IslandsGalapagos Islands
Named – The Rose GardensNamed – The Rose Gardens
Depths of 8000 – 8500 feetDepths of 8000 – 8500 feet
![Page 4: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What We Know TodayWhat We Know Today
Hydrothermal vent activity is known Hydrothermal vent activity is known to occur at seafloor-spreading to occur at seafloor-spreading centers worldwide. centers worldwide.
These communities are found These communities are found between 9between 9° and 21°N latitude along ° and 21°N latitude along the East Pacific Rise, N. Fiji Basin, the East Pacific Rise, N. Fiji Basin, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Gorda and Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and Gorda and Juan de Fuca Ridges in the NE. PacificJuan de Fuca Ridges in the NE. Pacific
![Page 5: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
High water temperatures (68 -High water temperatures (68 -752752°F)°F)
High PressureHigh Pressure High Concentrations of SulfidesHigh Concentrations of Sulfides Lack of OxygenLack of Oxygen Acidic pH LevelsAcidic pH Levels Absence of lightAbsence of light Located 100-1000 meters below Located 100-1000 meters below
surfacesurface
![Page 6: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Geysers of heated water from Geysers of heated water from beneath the ocean surfacebeneath the ocean surface
Generally found at the mid-ocean Generally found at the mid-ocean ridges or spreading platesridges or spreading plates
Seawater seeps down through Seawater seeps down through cracks in the ridges to depths of cracks in the ridges to depths of 1.25 to 2mi1.25 to 2mi About halfway through the About halfway through the
thickness of the oceanic crustthickness of the oceanic crust
![Page 7: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The water is super-heated to The water is super-heated to 400-450400-450°C °C (750-840(750-840°F)°F)
This superheated water then re-This superheated water then re-ascends to the center of the mid ascends to the center of the mid ocean ridge and emerges as a ocean ridge and emerges as a fast jet about 350°C. fast jet about 350°C.
As it mixes with cold ocean As it mixes with cold ocean water (34-36°C), hydrogen water (34-36°C), hydrogen sulfide precipitates instantly sulfide precipitates instantly often coloring the jet black.often coloring the jet black.
![Page 8: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Black SmokersBlack Smokers White SmokersWhite Smokers Warm Water VentsWarm Water Vents
![Page 9: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hottest of all vents (+350Hottest of all vents (+350°C)°C) Emits high concentration of sulfideEmits high concentration of sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide is usually toxic to Hydrogen Sulfide is usually toxic to
life, but the specialized life, but the specialized communities around the black communities around the black smokers could not survive without smokers could not survive without itit
Forms the largest chimneysForms the largest chimneys
![Page 10: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cooler temperature of water Cooler temperature of water released (300released (300°c vs. 350°C)°c vs. 350°C)
Lower sulfide concentrationLower sulfide concentration Barium, calcium and silicone Barium, calcium and silicone
released forming white released forming white precipitateprecipitate
![Page 13: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Low ion content as compared Low ion content as compared with black and white smokerswith black and white smokers
Cool water temperatures (20-Cool water temperatures (20-4040°C)°C)
Above Ground – Yellowstone Old Above Ground – Yellowstone Old FaithfulFaithful
![Page 14: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
““An oasis in the deep” An oasis in the deep” containing an astonishing containing an astonishing assemblage of benthic assemblage of benthic organismsorganisms
More than 400 different species More than 400 different species identified in vent communitiesidentified in vent communities
![Page 15: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fastest Growing Marine Invertebrate
![Page 32: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: HYDROTHERMAL VENTS](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062217/56813df1550346895da7cb93/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)