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Human Impact on Ecosystems
AlgaeWaste-water
Bio-magnification
Nitrogen cycle
Air Pollution Exotic Species
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Algae100
What is the trophic level of Algae?
-producer
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Algae200
How do algae and bacteria clean water?
-bacteria breaks waste and dead things into nutrients- Algae absorbs nutrients and grows.
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Algae300
• How does algae support food webs (two ways)?
• -makes oxygen• -base of food web (things eat it)
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Algae400
• What are some human activities that trigger a change in the eutrophication cycle.
• -Activities that add nutrients to surface water (fertilizer, farm waste, golf courses).
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Algae500
• When human trigger an algae bloom, what happens next?
• Bloom! Too much dead algae!
• Aerobic bacteria uses all O2
• Fish other organisms die (no O2)
• Anaerobic bacteria makes water toxic!
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Wastewater100
• Stage I Aeration and Mixing:
- O2 mixed in to keep Aerobic bacteria
- Eating the waste/ solids suspended
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Wastewater200
• Stage II Aeration and Settling:
• - O2 mixed in for bacteria to eat waste
• Surface mixed so solids drop out• Solids dried/landfilled
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Wastewater300
• Stage III Lagoon • What’s left to clean?
• - UV kills pathogens• - Bacteria still active• - solids settle• Nutrients are left to clean out!
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Wastewater400
• Stage IV Farming:
• - plants take out nutrients• - soil traps solids• - bacteria eats solids• Water collected by drain pipes/sent
to Muskegon River
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Wastewater500
• What happens if we don’t treat wastewater?
• - cultural eutrophication• - human health problems• - ecosystem destruction
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Biomagnification100
• The type of chemicals that build up in food webs. Give an example.
• - fat soluble chemicals• - DDT/PCB/heavy metals
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Biomagnification200
• Fish are an important part of our diet.
• Why?
• - omega 3 fatty acids (proper brain development)
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Biomagnification300
• Chemicals enter the aquatic food web through _________________.
• - Phytoplankton (producers) as they filter water.
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Biomagnification400
• What level of the food chain has the highest chemicals and related problems?
• - top organisms (birds of prey/humans)
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Biomagnification500
• Explain how biomagnification works.
• -chemicals enter the food chain and build up. Every time an organism eats, all of the chemicals stay in the organism. Toxicity increases over time and up the chain.
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Biogeochemical cycles100
• Define biogeochemical cycle and give an example.
• - chemicals that cycle through soil, water, air and life.
• Ex: Nitrogen, phosphorus, Carbon, etc.
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Biogeochemical cycle200
• The most complex form of nitrogen.
• - protein in tissues of organisms (N-based)
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Biogeochemical cycles300
• The “fixed” form of nitrogen that functions a fertilizer.
• - Nitrate (NO3)
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Biogeochemical cycles400
• The form of nitrogen that is waste/toxic.
• - Ammonia (NH3)
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Biogeochemical cycles500
• The high protein plant that has nitrogen “Fixed” in roots. Explain the symbiotic relationship.
• - bacteria convert N2 to NO3 so unlimited fertilizer (protein for plant)
• - bacteria gets sugar from plant
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Exotics100
• The percentage of exotics that cause problems and why?
• - 10% b/c they overpopulate• (no predator/parasite/disease).
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Exotics200
• Great Lakes exotics got here by ___________________.
• - ship ballast water
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Exotics300
• Zebra mussels are pushing out native clams b/c…
• - they share a niche and Zebra’s lack a predator.
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Exotics400
• Exotic plants out compete and replace food plants. Give two examples/explain.
• - purple loosestrife – chokes good plants.
• - Garlic mustard – uses chemicals in soil to drive out other species.
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Exotics500
• In the Great Lakes, the ecosystem is being disrupted. What part has taken the biggest hit and why is it important?
• - Plankton /zooplankton is eaten by all fish when they are young. It has been affected by zebra mussels and the exotic plankton. Asian carp could end it
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Air Pollution100
• The Greenhouse Effect is natural and supports life on the planet. If we are causing a temperature increase, then it is called _________________.
• - Global Warming
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Air Pollution200
• What are four of the greenhouse gases?
• How do they function?
• - CO2 , H2O vapor, CH4 , O3 .
• - Radiation is converted to heat by vibrations of bonds of gases.
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Air Pollution300
• What greenhouse gas absorbs the harmful UV radiation? What human- produced groups of chemicals are destroying it?
• - O3 (ozone)
• - CFC’s (Chlorofluorocarbons)
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Air Pollution400
Which human activities causes acid rain?What is the mechanism and definition of
acid rain?
- Burning fossil fuels (coal power, gas cars).
- N and S oxides (impurities in coal) Rain w/ pH <5
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Air Pollution500
• What are the processes that are part of the Carbon Cycle?
• - Respiration, photosynthesis, combustion, decomposition, etc.