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Human FactorHuman Factorandand
Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls
Human FactorHuman Factorandand
Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls
HERO UNIT
Training Module
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OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview
This course is designed to provide the HERO operator with information concerning the role that Human Factors play, as it relates to the use of traffic controls.
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IntroductionIntroductionThis course will look at various elements and howthey affect the Human Factor, in this case, the Driverof a vehicle.
We will define & discuss: • the Human Factor • elements of Human Factors • the Highway System • the Environment • the Driver • the Importance of proper traffic controls
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What is Human Factors?What is Human Factors?
Human Factors is the application of relevant information about human characteristics and behavior to the design of objects, facilities, and environments that people use.
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Elements of the Human FactorElements of the Human Factor
• Attitude
• Habits
• Capabilities
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Elements of the Human FactorElements of the Human Factor
• Driver AttitudeDriver Attitude
Anger
Grief
Joy
Anxious
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Elements of the Human FactorElements of the Human Factor
• HabitsHabits
♦ People are creatures of habit
♦ People don’t change habits easily
♦ Traffic Controls can violate a drivers
expectancy
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Elements of the Human FactorElements of the Human Factor
• CapabilitiesCapabilities ♦ Youth (inexperienced)
♦ Older drivers (diminished abilities)
♦ Drivers with physical limitations
♦ Drivers under the influence
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Elements of the Human FactorElements of the Human Factor
• AttitudeAttitude
• HabitsHabits
• CapabilitiesCapabilities
All of these elements affect how the motorist
will react to traffic controls.
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Elements of the Highway Elements of the Highway SystemSystem
• RoadwayRoadway
• VehicleVehicle
• DriverDriver
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Elements of the Highway Elements of the Highway SystemSystem
• RoadwayRoadway
♦ Planned / Designed
♦ Constructed
♦ Operated
♦ Maintained
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Elements of the Highway Elements of the Highway SystemSystem
• VehicleVehicle ♦ Designed – with built-in safety features
Seatbelts
Air bags
Anti-Lock Brakes
Crash Tested
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Elements of the Highway Elements of the Highway SystemSystem
• Driver Driver (the Human Factor)(the Human Factor) ♦ Is required to have a driving permit or license ♦ Required by law to have insurance ♦ Monitored by law enforcement ♦ May receive citations, be fined, etc. ♦ May lose driving privileges
BUTBUT
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Elements of the Highway Elements of the Highway SystemSystem
• DriverDriver When it comes down to it!When it comes down to it!
♦ We, as HERO operators, have very little
or no control over this element
♦ We can’t drive for them
♦ We have to accept them as they are
♦ They are the most dangerous element
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Elements from the Driver’s Elements from the Driver’s ViewpointViewpoint
• TrafficTraffic
• Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls
• EnvironmentEnvironment
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Elements from the Drivers Elements from the Drivers ViewpointViewpoint
• TrafficTraffic
♦ Vehicles
♦ Pedestrians
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Elements from the Driver’s Elements from the Driver’s ViewpointViewpoint
• Traffic ControlsTraffic Controls
♦ Traffic Signals
♦ Warning Signs
♦ Regulatory Signs
♦ Construction Signs / Devices
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Elements from the Driver’s Elements from the Driver’s ViewpointViewpoint
• EnvironmentEnvironment
♦ Rain
♦ Snow / Ice
♦ Sunshine
♦ Nighttime
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The Task of the DriverThe Task of the Driver
• Drivers have a real task set before them,Drivers have a real task set before them,
they:they:
♦ Must Observe
♦ Monitor
♦ Make Decisions
♦ Take Action
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The Task of the DriverThe Task of the Driver• Must Observe their surroundingsMust Observe their surroundings – other
vehicles, weather, traffic controls, etc.
• MonitorMonitor – operations of their vehicle, speed, steering, flow of traffic, etc.
• Make DecisionsMake Decisions – may not always be the right one… that’s the Human Factor! ( On average drivers make 1 to 3 decision per second ).
• Take ActionTake Action – Apply brakes, steer right / left, sound the horn, accelerate, etc.
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The Task of the DriverThe Task of the Driver
• In some ways a Driver is like a In some ways a Driver is like a computer:computer:
♦ Always collecting information
♦ Processing data
♦ Consistently making decisions
♦ Requesting and taking action
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The Task of the DriverThe Task of the Driver
Unlike computersUnlike computers, drivers are constantly making errors and then having to take action to compensate for them. However, most driver error can be corrected by turning the steering wheel, applying brakes or accelerating.
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RememberRemember
While Human error is the majormajor cause of vehicle accidents, there are other factors which contribute to the occurrence of accidents and traffic controls can be a contributing factor.
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Contributing FactorsContributing Factors
• Contributing factors:Contributing factors:
♦ Improper traffic control devices
♦ Improperly placement of traffic control
devices
♦ Insufficient advance warning signs
♦ Parking the HERO vehicle in a blind
spot (not visible to on coming traffic)
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RememberRemember
• Drivers make mistakes, at times, due to inadequate information
• It is important to remember, that drivers make their own decisions based on information that is available to them
• Those who are responsible for traffic control must work with drivers and their driving tendencies.
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Traffic ManagementTraffic Management
• Traffic Controls should be:Traffic Controls should be:
♦ Clear and Concise
♦ Redundant (repeat information)
♦ Provide adequate advance warning
♦ Avoid unexpected situations
♦ The best traffic control offers no
surprises.
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SummarySummary
Human Factors is an important factor and much consideration must be given in order to safelysafely navigate motorists through and around work zones and incident scenes.
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THE ENDTHE END
Questions or Discussion?Questions or Discussion?