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Human Body Systems
Structures, Functions and Interdependence
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
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• Structures:– Bones - Tendons – Joints - Ligaments– Cartilage
• Functions:– Gives the body shape/support– Allows for movement at the joints– Protects vital organs – Creates blood cells
SKELETAL SYSTEM
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM • Structures:
– Muscles– Most organs
• Heart, stomach, intestines, brain, tongue, diaphragm, etc.
• Functions:– Allows the body to move – Gives body shape and
strength
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Systems Work Together…
1. Skeletal and Muscular System• Our muscles must be
connected to the skeletal system to allow for strength and movement.
• They both help protect our internal organs.
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • Structures:– Mouth– Esophagus– Stomach– Small/large intestines
• Functions:– Digestion = breakdown of food, chemically
and mechanically – Absorption = food is processed into a
usable source of energy – Defecating = getting rid of solid waste
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Systems Work Together…2. Digestive and Muscular System• At the mouth, the muscles of the jaws
and tongue break food into pieces. • Muscles of the throat move food down the
esophagus. • In the stomach, churning
motions produced by muscles break food into smaller bits and mix it with stomach acid.
• Finally, muscular contractions of the intestine move food through the remainder of the digestive tract.
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Structures:– Trachea (windpipe)– Larynx (voice box)– Lungs – Diaphragm
• Functions:1. Respiration – to supply the blood
with oxygen by breathing (inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide)
2. Vocalization – using your vocal cords to speak, sing, scream, etc.
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3. Respiratory and Muscular Systems• The diaphragm is a muscle that
contracts (tightens) to allow air to enter the lungs. It then relaxes to push air out of the lungs.
• The vocal cords are a muscle and make sound as air passes through them.
• Respiration provides oxygen to the muscles so they can work. All cells need oxygen to function.
Systems Work Together…
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEMAKA Cardiovascular System
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If you stretched out all of your blood vessels, they
would circle the world 2.5 times!!!
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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Structures:– Heart– Blood – Blood Vessels
~ veins, arteries, capillaries • Functions:
o Circulation – movement of blood throughout the body
o Mailman - blood delivers oxygen to cellso Trash man - picks up and eliminates
waste from the cells
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Systems Work Together…4. Respiratory and Circulatory Systems • Red blood cells move
around the body providing oxygen to the other cells.
• Red blood cells also pick up and remove carbon dioxide and water that cells create as waste.
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
What other human body system does this remind
you of?
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What are the similarities and differences between the 2 pictures of
the systems?
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No, that is NOT
an alien!!!
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NERVOUS SYSTEM • Structures:– Brain– Spinal Cord– Nerves
• Functions:1. Send electrical
signals to all other systems of the body.
2. Transmit information from the environment to the brain.
You want your dendrites to grow!!!
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Systems Work Together…5. Nervous and all the
other systems • The brain controls
voluntary and involuntary muscle movement through electrical signals.• Voluntary – walking,
swimming, reading• Involuntary – breathing,
digesting, heart beat
• The signals are delivered through the spinal cord and nerves to tell the rest of the body what to do.