http://www.sert.nu.ac.th
SCHOOL OF RENEWABLE
ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Green Technology
Presented by
Dr. Anan Pongtornkulpanich
Head of Solar Thermal Research UnitSchool of Renewable Energy Technology
(SERT)Naresuan University
The 7th CRISU-CUPT Conference “Challenges of ASEAN Higher Education in Globalized World”
Naresuan University
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Outline
Defining Green Technology
Major Types of Green Technology
Green IndustryGreen BuildingGreen ITGreen Energy
Some Case Studies of Green TechnologiesGreen Industry
Green Building
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Defining Green Technology
Evolution, methods and materials used to amend and configure equipment to get better function or cleanness without problem
Target of development leads to the following benefits
Encouragement: meeting to create future society without damage and natural destruction
Design: source to source, use of matters appeared to be “Cycle of product” which can be also recycled
Data Reduction: reduce discarding and pollution with being recreated to be new product and consumption
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Defining Green Technology (Cont’d)
Innovation: development for technology
Capacity in living: creating an economic center to suit with technology and product to be proper with environment
Energy: recognizing information about green technology including the fuel development, meaning of generating energy and effect of energy usage
Environment: leading to search new product to reduce impact on environment
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Major types of Green Technology
Green Industry
Global Change Climate change
Resource Depletion increasingly viable technological for Renewable resources
Food Supply Agricultural methods & wastes
Toxic in the Environment design for reduced hazards
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Green Industry is about reducing
WasteWaste MaterialsMaterials HazardHazard RiskRisk EnergyEnergy CostCost
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Green Building
To reduce impact of building to environment and human health which green building yields friendly environment by1.Increasing energy and other resources efficiencies 2.Improving working environment to support performance both indoor and outdoor3.Reducing wastes and pollution which are released to environment 4.Use of electrical appliances for energy conservation 5.Selecting construction material with friendly environment
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Design of Green and Sustainable Building
-Followed as USA’s standard of “LEED” or Leadership in Energy and Environment design which was developed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC Committee)
- The following project checklists had to be examined:- Sustainable Sites (SS)- Water Efficiency (WE)- Energy & Atmosphere (EA)- Materials & Resources (MR)- Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)- Innovation & Design Process (ID)
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Project Checklists
LEEDLEED
Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
17 itemsInnovation & Design Process
(ID)2 items
Material & Resources(MR)
14 items
Sustainable Sites(SS)
15 items Water Efficiency(WE)
5 items
Energy & Atmosphere(EA)
9 items
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand- consisting of 6 main points as follows:
1.Construction site: no impact on ecosystem and encouragement for use of mass transportation2.Energy Efficiency: concerning use of highly efficient energy and considering utilization of renewable energy, configuring engineering system and non-CFC refrigerant usage3.Water Efficiency: considering use of water quantity which is lower than standard usage4.Construction material: selecting material which is friendly environment, use of recycled and locally available material to reduce fuel consumption for transportation
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand(Cont’d)
5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting decorated/furnished material without releasing volatile matter and having properly indoor temperature, humidity, clearness
6. Innovation: applying innovative construction product or modern construction engineering system
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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand(Cont’d)
5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting decorated/furnished material without releasing volatile matter and having properly indoor temperature, humidity, clearness
6. Innovation: applying innovative construction product or modern construction engineering system
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Green IT
Reasons for the Need of Green IT are• Increasing Energy Efficiencies to reduce
operational costs• Compliance with the regulatory bodies and
reducing the carbon footprints• Increasing the efficiency of computing resources so
as to reduce the environmental impact of IT utilization
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Green IT
Ways to Implement
• Unutilized and underutilized resources to be decommissioned
• If possible using a single power efficient server• Power management: Automation of shutdown and
power on processes• Upgradation to power efficient hardware
Advantages• Reduces greatly the operational costs• Put forward a noble image in front of client and
other stakeholders
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Green Energy
Reasons for the Need of Green Energy are• Natural Resources used in energy generation
process• Increasing pollution caused by the non renewable
sources
Ways to implement • Setting up power plants using renewable energy
sources: Solar Thermal/PV/Biomass• Increased government spending on sustainable
sources of energy• Infrastructure and manpower development
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Green Energy
Advantages• Cleaner and healthier environment• Unlimited resources and potential to be utilized
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Green Energy
In Thailand, 5 Energy Policies were provided by Thai Government as follows:• Enhancing energy-related industries & business to be
next generation value-creator• Securing country’s energy supply • Pricing energy right• Up-scaling Renewable Energy mix to 25% in 10 years• Target Energy Intensity Reduction by 25% (based on
2010 level) within 20 years
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Green EnergyFrom National Policy of Renewable Energy, latest versionof Thailand’s master plan on renewable energy (Alternative Energy Development Plan, AEDP 25% within 10 years) was developed by Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, DEDE, Ministry of Energy
asshown in the next slide
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Green Energy19
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Many human activities cause to generate the increase of CO2 in the world carbon cycle
Deforestation and burning forest cause to release CO2
Forest is the source to absorb and release CO2
- Economy development- Production- Industrial process- Transportationare reasons to generate CO2
20Some Case Studies of Green Technologies
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WaterEnergy(Electricity, oil)Raw material
Process in Industry
Waste water Solid waste Danger/Risk
Product
Sound
Exhaust gas
Production process
odor
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Current Problem of Energy System
Human utilizes energy which leads to problem of global warming
How do we reduce CO2 emission to atmosphere?How do we reduce CO2 emission to atmosphere?
Reduce or ignore the use of fuel oil having composition of Carbon (Oil, Coal and Natural gas)
Reduce energy usage and increase energy efficiency
Renewable energy (Solar, hydro, biomass, wind etc.)
Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to atmosphere such as
Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to atmosphere such as
Increasing energy efficiency (EE)
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Resemblance of Green Technology (Industry) and Clean Technology
Cleaner Production Cleaner Production
Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention
Waste Minimization Waste Minimization
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That is :
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Benefits obtained from using concept of Green Industry to manage for various industries
Economic Benefit Economic Benefit
Obtain profit (Baht/year) from calculation Create image of organization ISO 14001 / Green Label / LCA / EcoDesign
Environmental Benefit Environmental Benefit
Obtain decreased quantities of resources and waste (Unit/year) from calculation
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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage for Industry
Find source of waste Find source of waste
Create diagram of production process (“When substances enter the process, product and any wastes will be produced”)
considering from 5 factors: raw material, technology, managementproduct and waste
Analyze the cause
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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage for Industry
considering source of 5 causes as: 1. change/improve raw material 2. change/improve technology or equipment 3. use suitable production method and management 4. change/improve the product 5. reuse and recycle
Find the effective ways to defend and solve
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Concept of Green Industry
Concept Reduce contamination at source Efficient management of sourceCharacteristic of this Technology Solve at the origin Reduce cost of waste Treatment Correspond to market need
Reduction at source
Recycle
Treatment Method
Releasing
Green T
Gov. Policy
SavingsPayback
CostReduction
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Steps of applying with Green Industry
Plan and Set organization Preliminary evaluation
Exquisite evaluationFeasibility study
Start to do Follow to evaluate results
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Steps of Plan and Set Organization
Encourage from executive of industrial company
Set target to be effective ways of Green Industry
Set working group to manage the Green Project
Brainstorm to find ways to fix problem and obstacle
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Objectives
1.To focus area of loss and issue of environment problem2.To select interest issue for examining with exquisite evaluation
Preliminary evaluation30
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Steps of Preliminary evaluation
Determine inflow-outflow mass in process
Create diagram of production process
Select problem issue
Collect and review data from document
Gather data from survey
Create diagram of production process
- General data of company and product- Use of raw material and waste
- Examine correctness of production process- Focus area having loss - Investigate real working condition
- Roughly evaluate quantity of raw material, energy and waste in each line of process
- Consider 3 points:Possibility of technique, economic and environment
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Steps of this evaluation:
Exquisite evaluation
Find mass balance for inflow and outflow substances
Find cause of any losses in process
Propose alternative of Green Industry
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Steps of this study:
Feasibility Study
Evaluate possibility of technique, economic and environment
Select the effectively possible option
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Possibility of technique can be calculated from
Possibility of Technique (%) = Average Index - Best Index
Best Index× 100
Average Index = Monthly quantity of resource and waste
Monthly quantity of product
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Possibility of economic can be calculated from
Possibility = (Average Index - Best Index)
× Average production capacity
× Capital cost per unit
Possibility of Economic (%) = Possibility
Sum of Possibilities × 100
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Impact on Environment can be considered in 3 points
Quantity (Q)
Effect (E)
Diffusivity (D)
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Steps of this study:
Practice and Follow to evaluate results
Contact and coordinate with focused department
Set duration period for real practice
Concentrate the results of the following parameters
Quantity of resource used Quantity of waste and pollution Quantity of changed benefit
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Case Study I
The School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)
works together with Department of Industrial Promotion
in project of Green Industry for several industries in Thailand.
MPE Industry Co., Ltd
General Information
Major Product Shockproof plastic sheet (Air bubble, PE Foam)Production Capacity Air Bubble ~ 120,000 rolls/year
PE Foam ~ 150,000 rolls/yearReal Production Cap. ~ 75% of Total capacityMajor raw material Plastic pellet (Type: LDPE)Minor raw material Butane , Talcom
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Production process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam
Preparation of raw material
Set Machine
Raw material passes quality standardRoll raw material and butane gas prepared
Time used to run machine before starting process ~ 1 hr.
Produce
Yes
No
Check quality: weight, width, thickness, colorsurface
Store productKeep product (stock) in warehouseTake to transformTake to sell
Dispose ofwaste from production
Distribute product to customer
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Transformation process of XPE Foam, IXPE FoamPE-Foam, Air bubble
Preparation of raw material
Set Machine
Check raw material before transformationGive plan to transform
Time used to run machine before starting process ~ 10-20 min. for laminatedmachine and ~ 10 min for cutter machine
Transform
Yes
NoCheck quality: weight, width, thickness, colorsurfaceWith passing through cutting, seal, increase thickness (Laminated), we get sheet, envelopethermal insulator
Store product Keep product (stock) in warehouse
Taking waste to recycle
Distribute product to customer
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Data of Energy used
No. of transformer 2Size of transformer (1) 1,000 kVAVoltage (1) 22-33 kVSize of transformer (2) 800 kVAVoltage (2) 22-33 kVMeter number 1832406Annual total electricity consumption 1,504,400 kWh/yearAnnual thermal energy used 5,415,840 MJ/yearAverage monthly electricity consumption 125,366.66 kWh/m
Items Value
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V. for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 405.5 and 407.8 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,
as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.
Size of Transformer : 800 kVATab is set at no. 3
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V for size of transformer of 800 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure
voltage which is equal to be 393.8 V, as shown in Figure.
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Voltage measured is between the adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1
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Results of adjustment
Electrical energy savings 936.60 kWh/year 3,371.6 MJ/year
Cost of savings 2,922.20 Baht/yearInvestment cost - BahtPayback period - Year
Items Value
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V. for size of transformer of 1000 kVA
Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 407.3 and 409.6 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,
as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.
Size of Transformer : 1000 kVA Tab is set at no. 3
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 for size of transformer of 800 kVA
Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V for size of transformer of 1000 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure
voltage which is equal to be 391.4 V, as shown in Figure.
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Voltage measured is between the adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1
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Results of adjustment
Electrical energy savings 1,345.85 kWh/year 4,845.06 MJ/year
Cost of savings 4,199.07 Baht/yearInvestment cost - BahtPayback period - Year
Items Value
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85
Problem: At present, use of electricity in factory is excessively without suitable setting of power factor (Power factor is set at 0.68) at position O (OFF) which this results in useless energy loss and generating unnecessary cost, as shown in Figure.
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Switch is set at O (OFF) Power factor is set at 0.68 < 0.85
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85
Solve: Adjust a suitable setting of power factor at 0.97 (>0.85) at position A (Auto) which the measured value is given as shown in Figure.
Switch is set at A (Auto) Power factor is set at 0.97 (> 0.85)
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Results of adjustment
Electrical energy savings 4,922.85 kWh/year 17,722.26 MJ/year
Cost of savings 15,359.29 Baht/yearInvestment cost - BahtPayback period - Year
Items Value
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC than environment temperature
Problem: At present, air compressor is located at outdoor place which average environment temperature is measured at 45.9 oC This result is that the higher outdoor temperature, the more energy consumption of air compressor, as shown in Figure.
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC than environment temperature
Solve: Installing sunroof for air compressor which this results in environment temperature around compressor reduced to be 34oC and yielding higher energy savings, as shown in Figure
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Results of adjustment
Electrical energy savings 1,353.09 kWh/year 4,871.12 MJ/year
Cost of savings 4,221.65 Baht/yearInvestment cost - BahtPayback period - Year
Items Value
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set over 6 bar
Problem: At present, air pressure is set more than 6 bar (8 bar) and electrical motor capacity is 11.19 kW which is over in reality. and compressor is placed far away from working point without maintenance, as shown in Figure
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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set over 6 bar
Solve: Air pressure is set to be 5 bar and installed with air accumulator and adjust pressure component
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Results of adjustment
Electrical energy savings 4,198.16 kWh/year 15,113.38 MJ/year
Cost of savings 13,098.26 Baht/yearInvestment cost - BahtPayback period - Year
Items Value
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MonthElectrical Energy
(kWh)
Quantity of foam used to produce bubble
(kg.)
Quantity of pellet to produce foam
(kg.)
Jan -. 2008 95980 63000 72000
Feb -. 2008 103380 67000 101000
Mar -. 2008 102480 52000 99950
Apr -. 2008 88440 32000 90000
May -. 2008 91440 56000 83000
June-2008 102240 57900 93000
July-2008 92420 73975 50975
Aug-2008 88180 51000 75800
Sept-2008 97960 54975 75975
Oct-2008 90360 43000 88250
Regression Analysis Regression equation is determined to find correlation among electrical energy, quantity of foam used to produce bubble and quantity of pellet to produce foam which corresponds to table below
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The regression equation will be obtained from regression analysis as
Electricity energy (kWh) = 50892 + 0.374 QB+ 0.266QF
whereQB = Quantity of foam to produce bubble, kgQF = Quantity of pellet to produce foam, kg
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Conclusion of potential of Energy Conservation
Items ValueCost of energy savings 127,541.95 MJ/yearQuantity of energy consumed 2,146,222.8 MJ/yearPercentage of energy reduced 5.94% or 158,364.99 B/year Payback period (PP) 0.001 year
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Case Study II SK Interfood Co., Ltd
General Information: Slicing Pig to various components
Items Quantity Unit Cost Unit
Raw material 3,570.9 Ton/y 185,686,800 B/yWater 46,343 m3/y 0 B/yElectricity 810,933 kWh/y 2,623,157 B/yFuel 33,715 kg/y 590,010 B/yWaste 30.7 Ton/m
Average quantity of components of pig produced 266 Ton/month
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Preliminary evaluationData for resource used and waste generated in 2010
Items UnitTotal
(Unit/year)Avg/month
Product Ton 3,191.0 266
Pig Ton 3,570.9 297.6
Electricity KWh 810,933 67,578
LPG Kg 33,715 2,810
Water m3 46,343 3,862
Waste Ton 368.4 31
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Items Unit Avg Index Best Index
Pig Ton/Ton of product 1.119 1.113
Electricity kWh/Ton of product 255.66 217.25
LPG kg/Ton of product 11.10 8.69
Water m3/Ton of product 14.526 14.506
Waste Ton/Ton of product 0.1157 0.0908
Data of Index for resource used and waste generated in 2010
Average Index = Quantity of resource or waste in each month
Quantity of product in each month
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Items UnitAvg
IndexBest
Index
Avg Index – BestIndex Best Index
Technical Possibility
(%)Score
Pig Ton/Ton of product 1.119 1.113 0.0054 0.539 1
Electricity
kWh/Ton of product
255.66
217.25 0.1768 17.680 2
LPG kg/Ton of product 11.1 8.69 0.2773 27.733 3
Water m3/Ton of product
14.526
14.506 0.0014 0.138 1
Waste Ton/Ton of product
0.1157
0.0908 0.2742 27.423 3
Results for Technical evaluation63
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Results for Economic evaluation
ItemsCost
(B/Unit)(1)
Avg Index
(2)
Best Index
(3)
(4)=(2)-(3)
I (B/Month)(5)=(4)(1)(capacity)
F %F Score
Pig 52,000 1.119 1.113 0.006 82,992 0.6523 65.233 3
Electricity 3.23 255.66 217.25 38.41 33,001.10 0.2594 25.939 2
LPG 17.5 11.1 8.69 2.41 11,218.55 0.0882 8.818 1
Water - 14.526 14.506 0.02 5.324.1816E
-050.0042 1
Waste - 0.1157 0.0908 0.0249 6.62345.21E-
050.0052 1
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Items Unit Quantity/month Q E D Q × E × D Score
Pig Ton 266 3 1 1 3 1
Electricity KWh 297.6 3 2 2 12 3
LPG kg 67,578 2 2 3 12 3
Water m3 2,810 3 2 2 12 3
Waste Ton 3,862 2 2 2 8 2
Criteria to evaluate environment: EV = (Q) x (E) x (D)
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Ranking the importance among Technical, Economic and Environment Problems
Items
Technique Economic EnvironmentTotal
(1)*(2)+(3)*(4)+(5)*(6)
Sequence no.
Score(1)
A(2)
คะแนน(3)
B(4)
คะแนน
(5)
C(6)
Pig 1 3 3 3 1 2 14 3
Electricity 2 3 2 3 3 2 18 1
LPG 3 3 1 3 3 2 18 1
Water 1 3 1 3 3 2 12 4
Waste 3 3 1 3 2 2 16 2
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Results of Preliminary evaluation
Electricity and LPG usage are the most impact on production process
LPG usage yields technical possibility Reduction of loss of raw material yields high technical
and economic possibilities. Water usage has the high impact on environment
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Exquisite evaluation
Mass balance in each steps of process is performedStep1: Boiling and cleaning pigsCause: 1. Loss of water quantity while waiting for various components of pig
2. In case of high production capacity (~120 pigs), water pressure in cleaning is not sufficient resulting in no water used and other steps being stopped.
Method to reduce loss1. Install injector at the end of hose
2. Install water pump to increase water pressure3. Control water pressure in water reservoir more than 0.5
bar by adjusting pressure difference of water generating system to high generate water
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Step2: Freezing any components of pig
Cause: Components of pig before delivering to freezing room have high humidity. Freezing room have to reduce water temperature which results in excessively used electricity
Method to reduce lossDrain water away from freezing room
Step3: Cutting any components of pigCause: 1. Some components of pig fall on area of slice machine
2. Water tap used for cleaning hand has oversize resulting in loss of waterMethod to reduce loss
Install panels to prevent falling of pig’s components
Install water distributors to increase water volume for cleaninghand
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Step5: Cooling Tower
Cause: - Efficiency of cooling tower is decreased due to dregs and moss generated
Method to reduce loss
- Cleaning cooling pack
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Feasibility of method to reduce loss in the factory 71
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Results of applying Green Industry for Industry 72
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Case Study III Green Buildings
School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT) has missions to research and development of renewable energy including energy conservation which relates to Green Building.
Naresuan University (NU) has been assigned SERT to take responsibilities to set model scheme of Green Building for all buildings around NU area.
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Defining Green Building
has friendly environmental construction process without impact on ecosystem gives energy savings has suitable air, humidity, and lighting qualities use low-energy construction or recycled material apply modern and innovative technologies to building
7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
Management to be Green Building - emphasizing intention to be Green Office Building (Total score = 5)Remark :These Criterions is based on “Department of Pollution Control”
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7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
Region Plan and Landscape Architecture - emphasizing evaluation of region plan and landscape architecture (Total score = 7)
Water Usage - emphasizing evaluation of water usage (Total score = 6)
Energy - emphasizing evaluation of energy management, assigning personnel to take responsibility for energy conservation, quantity of energy used and air conditioner (Total score = 14)
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7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
Indoor Environment Condition - emphasizing evaluation of illumination in low stage,Indoor air quality, preventing cigar smoke in building area, sound level, building security, and use of low pollution materials (Total score = 4)
Preventing impact on environment from outdoor - emphasizing evaluation of air pollution, waste water, dangerous waste, heat and reduction of reflecting light (Total score = 12)
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7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building
Innovation - emphasizing evaluation of developing energy conservation and indoor and outdoor environment of building (Total score = 3)
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Table 1 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management for Office of NU President
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013 MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015 LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016
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Table 2 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management for Office Building of Library
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013 MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015 LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016
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Table 3 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management for Office of NU indoor Stadium
Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013 MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015 LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016
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Previous 3 Case studies of managing buildings to be green building is set to be model scheme to obtain complete Green Building between 2013-2016.
For the rest of buildings around NU area, We (SERT) are ongoing to manage them to be green building soon such as student dormitories and various Faculties.
We try to use renewable energy technology applying to Green Building for NU Green Building Project and hope to collaborate in research between Thai and Indonesia in theme of “Energy Efficiency” in the near future
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Thank you for your kind attention
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