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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LuSEXMn5VME
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Warm up: Fill in the blanks
__ __e __o__o__ __e__.
__e__ i __ a __o__u__a__ __o__o__ i__ __u__a__ __u__ __u__e. I__
__a__ __ __ __ __o__i__e __o__e, __o__e__, __a__ __e__, __o__a__ __ __, o__
a__ e__e__ __e__ __ __. I__ i__ a __o__o__ __o__ __ __ __i__ __ __a__ a__
__ __a__e__ __i__e‘__ __a__. I__ __a__ __e a “__e__ __e__ __e__ __a__”
o__ __ou __a__ “__e i__ __ __e __e__.” __ __ea__i__ __ __e__ __a__
__oo__ __ __ou__ __o__ __i__e__ __e.
Warm up: Fill in the blanks
__ __e __o__o__ __e__.
__e__ i __ a __o__u__a__ __o__o__ i__ __u__a__ __u__ __u__e. I__
__a__ __ __ __ __o__i__e __o__e, __o__e__, __a__ __e__, __o__a__ __ __, o__
a__ e__e__ __e__ __ __. I__ i__ a __o__o__ __o__ __ __ __i__ __ __a__ a__
__ __a__e__ __i__e‘__ __a__. I__ __a__ __e a “__e__ __e__ __e__ __a__”
o__ __ou __a__ “__e i__ __ __e __e__.” __ __ea__i__ __ __e__ __a__
__oo__ __ __ou__ __o__ __i__e__ __e.
Language:Language: how we combine spoken\written words as we think and
communicate
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Language: StructureLanguage: Structure
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Language: StructureLanguage: Structure
PhonemesPhonemes
MorphemesMorphemes
smallest distinctive sound unit in language
ex: ch (chug) vs th (thug)
smallest unit of language that carries meaning
ex: prefixes (pre-) or suffixes (-ed)
Example:how many phonemes and morphemes are in the word “cats”
Phonemes: Morphemes:
Example:how many phonemes and morphemes are in the word “cats”
Phonemes: Morphemes:4: C, A, T, S
2: CAT, S
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GrammarGrammar
Semantics
ex:
Semantics
ex:
Syntax
ex:
Syntax
ex:
system of rules that allows us to understand one another
rules to derive meaning from morphemes, words,
sentencesadding -ed to laugh means that it happened in the past
rules we use to order words into sentences
(lang. dependent) adjectives before nouns: White House
instead of Casa Blanca
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Context is important.
The spy sees the police officer with the ______________
The spy sees the police officer with the _______________
The spy sees the police officer with the ______________
The spy sees the police officer with the _______________
gun
binoculars
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Language: DevelopmentLanguage: Development
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Language: DevelopmentLanguage: Development
Stage 1: BabblingStage 1: Babbling 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
4 months4 months
10 months10 months
Babbling: random noises of all languages - can hear differences between noises
babbling shifts towards native language - only uses sounds that baby hears
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQ64R0KKssc
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12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
11Stage 2: One wordStage 2: One word
12 months12 months
18 months18 months
Over ExtensionOver Extension Under ExtensionUnder Extension
Whole Object ConstraintWhole Object Constraint
first word - one word means a sentence
word concept is too broad“dog” = all dogs in the world
word concept is too narrow“dog” = only my dog, and no other
word explosion - 20 per week
assumption that word applies to entire object, rather than quality or part (pencil
example)
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20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
19Stage 3: Two Word (telegraphic)Stage 3: Two Word (telegraphic)
24 months24 months
follows rules of syntax… ish
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Twin Languages
•Cryptophasia or idioglossia = “secret twin language”
•Considering how much time twins spend together, how do you think this happens?
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Language: Acquisition TheoriesLanguage: Acquisition Theories
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Skinner
Operant Learning
association:
Imitation:
reinforcement:
Skinner
Operant Learning
association:
Imitation:
reinforcement:
Chomsky
Inborn Universal Grammar
language acquisition device:
Universal grammar:
Chomsky
Inborn Universal Grammar
language acquisition device:
Universal grammar:
Language: Acquisition TheoriesLanguage: Acquisition Theories
language development is all about simple learning
principles
sights of things = sounds of words
your word use = word use of others
smiles and hugs = use those words again!
Given adequate nurture, language develops naturally
our brain is designed to acquire language
all languages have same building blocks
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Statistical Learning and Critical Periods
Critical Periods:
Statistical Learning and Critical Periods
Critical Periods:
Language: Acquisition TheoriesLanguage: Acquisition Theories
childhood is designed to master language
age 7 - lose ability to master ANY language
age 3 - deadline to start learning language without penalty
age 9 - learning second language will have accent
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Language and ThinkingLanguage and Thinking
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Language and ThinkingLanguage and Thinking
Whorf’s Linguistic Determinism HypothesisWhorf’s Linguistic Determinism Hypothesis
Criticism of Whorf: Immersion Programs
• our words may not determine what we think, rather influence
•Bilingualism
Criticism of Whorf: Immersion Programs
• our words may not determine what we think, rather influence
•Bilingualism
VisualizationVisualization
language imposes different conceptions of reality (determines thinking)
•Thinking in images
•Nondeclarative/procedural memory
•Shows much of information processed occurs outside of consciousness (only occasionally surfaces as conscious words)