How to Manufacture
Rubber Processing
Chemicals
Rubber Additives, Rubber Chemical Additives
(Waxes, Amines, Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Silicone Resins, Silicone Fluids, Antioxidants and Antiozonants, Stabilizers,
Nitrogen Compounds, Sulfuric Acid)
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Introduction
Rubber Technology is the subject dealing with the
transformation of rubbers or elastomers into useful products,
such as automobile tires and rubber mats. The materials
includes latex, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and other
polymeric materials, such as thermoplastic elastomers.
The growth of rubber chemicals market is directly aligned
with growth of tyre industry in the country.
Most rubber-processing chemicals are older products and are
consumed predominantly in the manufacture of automotive
tires.
Because of increasing consolidation in the tire industry, the major
tire manufacturers are in a strong position to demand low prices
for rubber-processing chemicals while still maintaining the
demand for high quality, product improvements, efficient delivery
and strong technical support.
Growing population coupled with increase in purchasing power
among consumers has boosted the overall demand for
automobiles. Rubber processing chemicals play a crucial role in
enhancing the properties of rubber for its use in the
manufacturing of automotive tires. Thus, the growing automobile
industry is projected to boost the overall growth of rubber
processing market.
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Rubber processing chemicals not only adds superior
qualities to rubber but also enhances the overall
process of manufacturing the raw material for other
applications such as manufacturing of door mats.
However, the growing environmental concerns coupled
with stringent governmental regulations are expected to
restrain the overall growth of the rubber processing
market. The development of bio based rubber is
expected to open new avenues for the rubber
processing chemicals market.
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The market of rubber processing chemicals is highly
consolidated in nature. Owing to the consolidated
nature of the tire industry, leading tire
manufacturers are in a strong position to demand
for low prices for rubber processing chemicals. The
tire manufacturers also demand for product
improvements, efficient delivery, high quality and
strong technical support.
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Rubber Chemicals are essential additives for the manufacture
and quality improvement of rubber products such as automobile
tires, rubber hoses, and quake absorbing rubbers. For rubber
processing and compounding certain chemicals are required
which are known as rubber chemicals. The primary requirement
of adding different compounding ingredients to develop the
different grades of rubber compounds to meet various service
needs at an economic price and to provide certain desired
physical properties to a considerable extent.
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Some of the examples of rubber chemicals are waxes, amines,
thiazoles, silicone resins, alcohol, sulphuric acids,
dithiocarbamates, phosphoric acid etc. They are mostly
applicable for white and coloured rubber. They are generally
used in rubber tubing, conveyor belt cover balloons, hot water
bottles injection bottle caps, footwear related items etc. Indian
rubber chemical industry has high growth potential triggered
by increased consumption and steady growth in tyre and
rubber industries. The speciality chemicals industry in India is
projected to grow at 15-17 % per year to reach $ 80-100
billion by 2020. The demand for rubber chemicals is on the
rise.
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All major manufacturers have raised the prices of their
products substantially. Massive investment is expected to
flow into the rubber chemicals manufacturing sector in
India in the coming years from both domestic and global
players.
The book covers different types, physical and chemical
properties, applications of different rubber chemicals like
waxes, synthetic organic chemicals, amines, silicones resins,
releasing agents, stabilizers, solvents and many more.
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Some of the fundamentals of the book are synthetic
hydrocarbon waxes, uses of amines in polymers, synthetic
organic chemicals, analysis of specific anti-degradants,
stabilization of halogenated polymers, anaerobic fermentations,
the manufacture of sulfuric acid, analysis of dithiocarbamate
esters, sodium hyposulfite (hydrosulfite), citric acid, gluconic acid,
acetic acid, itaconic acid, kojic acid etc.
Rubber chemicals have a huge potential growth in future and
considering the importance of the chemical we have brought
out this book which will be an invaluable resource to rubber
chemical manufacturers, technocrats, researchers, consultants
and new entrepreneurs.
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Table of Contents
1. WaxesPetroleum WaxesParaffin WaxesMicrocrystalline WaxesUsesTest MethodsSafetyNatural WaxesVegetable WaxesAnimal WaxesMineral WaxesSynthetic WaxesSynthetic Hydrocarbon WaxesMiscellaneous Synthetic Waxes
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2. AminesPhysical PropertiesChemical PropertiesManufactureUses of Amines in PolymersCatalystsSolventsEmulsifiersCompounding and Finishing
3. ThiazolesAntifungal Activity
4. Synthetic Organic ChemicalsChemicals Derived from MethaneSynthesis GasChlorinated Methanes
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AcetyleneCarbon DisulfideChemicals Derived from EthylenePolyethleneEthylene OxideChlorinated HydrocarbonsEthanolEthylbenzeneAcetaldehyde, Acetic Acid, Vinyl AcetateEthylene OligomersChemicals Derived from PropyleneIsopropyl AlcoholPolypropleneAcrylonitrilePropylene OxideDodecene, Nonene, CumeneOxochemicalsGlycerine
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Butanes, Butylene, LPG and Higher Aliphatic HydrocarbonsLPG and n-ButaneIsobutanen-ButylenesIsobutylenen-Pentane and CyclopentaneIsopentanen-Paraffins, Monoolefins, Primary and Secondary Higher AlcoholsAromatic ChemicalsBenzene ProductsToluene ProductsChemicals from XyleneNaphthalene ChemicalsOther Polymethylbenzenes
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5. Silicone ResinsManufactureSurfactants and SpecialtiesEmulsionsGreases and CompoundsSurfactantsPrimers and Adhesion Promoters
6. Silicone FluidsSilicone ElastomersAzine and Related DyesMethods of ManufactureCommercial Grade and SpecificationsMethods of AnalysisIdentificationAssay MethodsApplication MethodsDetermination of Impurities
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7. Antioxidants and AntiozonantsTesting and Evaluation MethodsAntioxidantsAntiozonantsGeneral Methods of AnalysisSeparation and IdentificationGas ChromatographyPaper ChromatographyAdsorption ChromatographyThin-Layer ChromatographyColor Tests for AntidegradantsSpectrophotometric Identification of AntidegradantsQuantitative DeterminationAnalysis of Specific AntidegradantsN-Phenyl-2-NapthylamineSeparation and IdentificationAssay MethodsDetermination in Mixtures
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Acetone-diphenylamine Reaction ProductsSeparation and IdentificationAssay MethodsDetermination in Mixtures1,2-Dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxyquinolineN-1,3-Dimethylbutyl-Nâ€TM-phenyl-p-phenylenediamineSeparation and IdentificationAssay MethodsDetermination in MixturesN,N-Di-3-(5-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamineSeparation and IdentificationAssay MethodsDetermination in Mixtures2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresolSeparation and IdendtificationAssay MethodsDetermination in Mixtures
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PolygardSeparation and IdentificationAssay MethodsDetermination in MixturesRelease AgentsProperties RequiredMethods of ApplicationIndustrial Fields using AbherentsClasses of Release Agents
8. StabilizersMethodsStabilization of Polyolefin ResinsStabilization of Halogenated PolymersCommercial Stabilizer Materials and MixturesEpoxidesMiscellaneous Special-Purpose Stabilizers
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9. AlcoholFermentationAnaerobic Fermentations
10. Nitrogen CompoundsAmmonia SynthesisUses of AmmoniaStorage and TransportNitric AcidProductionUses of Nitric AcidAmmonium NitrateHexamethylenetetramineHydrazineManufactureStabilizationUreaUses of Urea
Hydrogen CyanideAcrylonitrileMelamineAminesAnilineIsocycnatesOther Nitrogen Compounds
11. Sulfuric AcidUses of Sulfuric AcidKinds of AcidThe Manufacture of Sulfuric AcidDevelopment of the Sulfuric Acid Industry in the United StatesThe Chamber Process for Making Sulfuric AcidThe Contact ProcessSulfurUsesSources
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12. DithiocarbamatesDithiocarbamic Acid SaltsAnalysis of Dithiocarbamate SaltsDithiocarbamate EstersAnalysis of Dithiocarbamate EstersThiuram DisulfidesAnalysis of Thiuram Disulfides
13. Other Chemicals Sodium ChlorideSoda Ash, The Commercial Sodium CarbonateSolvay ProcessSoda Ash from Other SourcesSoda Ash-related ProductsSodium SulfateSalt CakeGlauber SaltHydrochloric Acid
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Sodium SilicateBromine and BromidesSodium SulfidesSodium ThiosulfateSodium Bisulfate, AnhydrousSodium Hyposulfite (Hydrosulfite)Caustic Soda and ChlorineElectrolysis of BrineConcentration of the Caustic LiquorThe Mercury CellHydrogen DisposalOther Processes for the Production of ChlorineLiquid ChlorineBleaches
14. Organic Acids Citric AcidGluconic Acid
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Acetic AcidItaconic AcidKojic AcidOther Ketogenic FermentationsSorbose2-Ketogluconic AcidNonionic SurfactantsAmpholytic Surfactants
15. Phosphoric Acid Production of Elemental Phosphorus and Phosphoric AcidIndustrial PhosphatesSodium PyrophosphateWet-Process Phosphoric AcidPotassium SaltsSoluble Potassium SaltsPotassium NitrateTypes of Volatile Solvents
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Rubber Chemicals
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