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How to form the subjunctive mood
The subjunctive mood is used a great deal in the Spanish language. For example, the subjunctive can help a person to talk about something wished for, something about which a person feels some special emotional reaction, or something that is not real in some way.
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Before you see any examples of the subjunctive in action, you will learn the proper forms of this mood. This first section will simply teach you how to form the subjunctive.Consider this section a boot camp for forming the subjunctive. For now, all you will have to do is conjugate, memorize, conjugate, and then memorize some more.
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Regular verbsCasar Meter Vivir
Case CasemosCases CaséisCase Casen
Meta MetamosMetas MetáisMeta Metan
Viva VivamosVivas ViváisViva Vivan
-ar verbs: take off the “-ar” ending to the infinitive
Add “e, es, e, emos, éis, en”
-er/-ir verbs: take off the “-er/-ir” ending of the infinitive
Add “a, as, a, amos, áis, an”
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Stem-changing (boot) verbs
-ar and –er “boot” verbsWhat happens with “boot” verbs in the subjunctive? –Ar and –Er “boot” verbs operate the same way “boot” verbs do in the present tense. The stem change occurs only inside the boot in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular, and in the 3rd person plural. The endings are typical subjunctive endings: -ar verbs “e, es, e, emos, éis, en”; -er verbs “a, as, a, amos, áis, an”
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Examples:
Cerrar = (e- ie) Volver (o-ie)
Cierre CerremosCierres CerréisCierre Cierren
Vuelva VolvamosVuelvas VolváisVuelva Vuelvan
Contar (o-ue) Entender (e-ie)
Cuente ContemosCuentes Contéis Cuente Cuenten
Entienda EntendamosEntiendas EntendáisEntienda Entiendan
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-Ir boot verbs
-ir “boot” verbs are a little bit different in the subjunctive.The expected stem changes occur inside the boot (in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd person singular and in the person plural)In addition, changes are required in the 1st person and 2nd person plural as well.These special out of the boot changes are the same changes found with these –ir verbs in the 3rd person singular and plural of the preterite. (ex. Sentir = sintió; dormir= durmió)
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-IR Boot Verbs
Sentir Dormir
Sienta SintamosSientas SintáisSienta Sientan
Duerma DurmamosDuermas DurmáisDuerma Duerman
Pedir Morir
Pida PidamosPidas PidáisPida Pidan
Muera MuramosMueras MuráisMuera Mueran
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Irregular Verbs
You remember that there were a number of verbs that had irregular conjugations in the present tense in the 1st person singular (ex. oigo, quepo, veo, etc…). Because the subjunctive generally builds on the 1st person singular, you will notice those irregularities played out in every form of the subjunctive.
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Irregulars:Caber = quep-Caer = caig-Decir = dig-Hacer = hag-Oir = oig-Poner = pong- + opposite endings (-ar)Salir = salg- (e, es, e, emos, éis, en)Tener = teng-Valer = valg-Venir = veng-Ver = ve-
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Verbs with special spelling changes:
car = queSacar
cer/cir = zcaConocer
gar = guePagar
Saque SaquemosSaques SaquéisSaque Saquen
Conozca ConozcamosConozcas ConozcáisConozca Conozcan
Pague PaguemosPagues PaguéisPague Paguen
ger/gir = jaEscoger
zar = ceRezar
Escoja EscojamosEscojas EscojáisEscoja Escojan
Rece RecemosReces RecéisRece Recen
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Super-irregulars
Finally, there are 6 verbs whose subjunctive forms are just “locas.” They are not built upon the 1st person singular of the present tense.You will have to memorize these special verbs.
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Dar Estar Haber
Dé DemosDes DeisDé Den
Esté EstemosEstés EstéisEsté Estén
Haya HayamosHayas HayáisHaya Hayan
Ir Saber Ser
Vaya VayamosVayas VayáisVaya Vayan
Sepa SepamosSepas SepáisSepa Sepan
Sea SeamosSeas SeáisSea Sean
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Now that you know the conjugations for the subjunctive mood conjugate the following verbs:
CaminarMeterSubirSentarMoverDormirTenerSalirConocerPagarDirigirBuscarIrSerSaber
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Caminar
Camine CaminemosCamines CaminéisCamine Caminen
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Meter
Meta MetamosMetas MetáisMeta Metan
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Subir
Suba SubamosSubas SubáisSuba Suban
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Sentar
Siente SentemosSientes SentéisSiente Sienten
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Mover
Mueva MovamosMuevas MováisMueva Muevan
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Dormir
Duerma DurmamosDuermas DurmáisDuerma Duerman
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Tener
Tenga TengamosTengas TengáisTenga Tengan
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Salir
Salga SalgamosSalgas SalgáisSalga Salgan
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Conocer
Conozca ConozcamosConozcas ConozcáisConozca Conozcan
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Pagar
Pague PaguemosPagues PaguéisPague Paguen
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Dirigir
Dirija DirijamosDirijas DirijáisDirija Dirijan
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Buscar
Busque BusquemosBusques BusquéisBusque Busquen
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Ir
Vaya VayamosVayas VayáisVaya Vayan
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Ser
Sea SeamosSeas SeáisSea Sean
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Saber
Sepa SepamosSepas SepáisSepa Sepan
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Write the forms of the subjunctive mood that corresponds to these verb forms of
the present indicative tense.
Comen DormimosPiden BuscanProtegen VaSe sienten SonPodemos ComienzanMorimos DicesEnciendo VemosCerráis PagoPedís Tienes
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Answers:
Coman DurmamosPidan BusquenProtejan VayaSe sientan SeanPodamos ComiencenMuramos DigasEncienda VeamosCerréis PaguePidáis Tengas
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From which infinitives did the following subjunctive forms come?
Sean Muramos
Tengan Oigan
Se sientan Practiquen
Compréis Sepas
Conozcáis Des
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Answers:
Ser MorirTener OírSentirse PracticarComprar SaberConocer Dar
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The Subjunctive mood after indirect commands
An indirect command features a main clause that asks someone to do something, and a dependent clause (the part of the sentence that follows the word “que”) that mentions the action that the speaker wants the other person to do.The subjunctive is used in that dependent clause because the action being described has not happened yet. There is a certain level of uncertainty inherent in the sentence, and the use of a verb in the subjunctive mood helps to express that uncertainty.
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Examples:
Quiero que mi amiga baile conmigo esta noche.I want my friend to dance with me tonight.
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Mi madre insiste en que comamos la ensalada primero.My mother insists that we eat the salad first.
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Pedimos que los oficiales nos escriban más tarde.
We are asking the officials to write to us later.
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In all of the previous sentences, the action in the dependent clause hasn’t happened yet. It is not verifiable.For example, in the first sentence, I want my friend to dance with me, but she just might not.In sentence 2, my mom wants us to eat the salad first, but we may choose to eat dessert first.In the third sentence, we ask the officials to write us later, but maybe they will choose to write us now or not at all.The subjunctive beautifully helps to convey that level of uncertainty.
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Common verbs that express commands that would be found in the main clause of these types of sentences.
Decir Pedir(i)Dejar(to allow, permit) PermitirDesear Preferir(ie)Esperar ProhibirExigir(to demand) Querer(ie)Hacer Recomendar (ie)Insistir en (to insist on) Rogar(to beg)(ue)Mandar(to order) Sugerir(to suggest)(ie)
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Here is a review of the “formula” found in this section:
Subject #1 + verb #1 + que + subject #2 + verb #2The first person (subject #1) wants, wishes, insists, suggests (verb #1) that (que) (subject #2) do something (verb #2)
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Translate the following sentences into Spanish.
1. I’m telling you to shut your mouth immediately!2. My friends recommend that I return home immediately.3. My grandmother wants me to see the film “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” with her.4. My girlfriend insists that I wear a white suit at our wedding, but the idea doesn’t appeal to me at all.5. The sergeant orders us to write down the orders in a notebook.6. That cook prohibits me from making bread in her kitchen.7. The boys are begging that the witnesses tell the truth.
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¡Te digo que cierres la boca inmediatamente!Mis amigos recomiendan que vuelva a casa enseguida.Mi abuela quiere que yo vea la pelicula “Harry Potter and the Socerer’s Stone” con ella.Mi novia insiste en que yo lleve un traje blanco en la boda (a nuestra boda), pero no me apetece nada la idea.El sargento nos manda que escribamos las órdenes en un cuaderno.Esa cocinera prohibe que yo haga pan en su cocina.Los chicos ruegan que los testigos digan la verdad.
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El Fin
Information cited from:Conner, John Breaking the Spanish Barrier 2006