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How Species Interact with Each Other
Chapter 8Section 2
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What are we learning?
• Essential Question:– How are species
interacting with each other essential to their survival?
• Objectives:– Explain the
difference between habitat and niche
– Give examples of a niche
– Explain how symbiotic relationships may evolve
– Explain the difference between parasitism and predation
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An Organisms Niche
• Unique role of a species within an ecosystem– Physical Home (habitat)– Environmental factors necessary for
survival – Interactions with other organisms
• Functional role or job of a particular species in an ecosystem
• What you do VS. Who you are
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Ways in Which Species InteractInteraction Species A Species B Description
Competition Harmed Harmed Each species negatively affects the other
Predation and Parasitism
Benefited Harmed Species A feeds on Species B
Mutualism Benefited Benefited Each species is helpful
Commensalism
Benefited Unaffected Species A benefits from B, but B is unaffected
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Mutualism
• Close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other
• (+) / (+)
X. Rhinos & Oxpecker
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Commensalisms
• Relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped
• (+) / (N/A)• X. clown fish & sea
anemome• Raccoons eating our
garbage
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Parasitism
• An organism that lives in or on another organism and feeds on the other organism
• Host usually lives• (+) / (-)• X. tapeworm and
humans
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Predation• Organism that
feeds on another organism
• (+) / (-)• Prey dies• X. Sharks & Seals
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Competition
• Relationship in which different individuals or populations attempt to use the same limited resources
• Occurs between and within species
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Type of Competition
• Direct = Head to Head
• Indirect Competition– Don’t have to
come in contact with each other
– X. Insect feeds on a plant in the a.m., a different insect feeds on the same plant in the p.m.
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Adaptations to Competition
• Niche Restrictions- each species uses less of the niche than they are capable of using
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Symbiosis and Coevolution• Two organisms living in close association • Species in close relationships may evolve
adaptations that reduce the harm or improve the benefit of the relationship.– 2 species evolve in response to each other– X. Flowers and hummingbirds
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Let’s Review
1. Give examples of species that have the same habitat but not the same niche that a lion has.
2. Describe the five types of species interactions