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How Ecosystems Work
Chapter 5
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Ecological Succession
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• Ecological Succession
• A gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community
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Secondary Succession
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• Secondary Succession
• A common type of succession that occurs on a surface where an ecosystem has previously existed
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• Carbon Dioxide
• An atmospheric gas that increases when fossil fuels are burned off
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Algal Bloom
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• Algal Bloom
• Evidence of excessive fertilizer use
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Climax Community
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• Climax Community
• A final and stable community
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Old-Field Succession
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• Old-Field Succession
• A types of succession that occurs on an abandoned farmland
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The Sun
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• What is the ultimate source of energy for almost all organisms except those living deep in the ocean near a thermal vent?
• The Sun
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Predator vs Prey
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• Which of the following might depend on a rabbit for its energy?
• Grasshopper
• Cayote
• Cow
• horse
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Carnivore
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• A consumer that eats only producers is called a(n)
• Carnivore
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Food Chain
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• What term is used to describe a linear sequence in which energy is transmitted from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism?
• Food Chain
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Food Web
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• What term is used to refer to the many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem?
• Food Web
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Energy/Food Pyramid
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• Which organism would occupy the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy?
• Bobcat
• Bird
• Grasshopper
• carrot
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Fossil Fuels
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• Where are fossil fuels located?
• On the surface of the Earth
• Deep Within the Earth
• Beneath the ocean floor
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Lichens
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• How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
• Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
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• Where would you most likely find nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
• On the roots of legumes
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Legumes
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• What type of vegetation would you expect to find on an abandoned farm that has been undistributed by humans for 150 years?
• Short grasses• Shrubs• Young pine trees• Tall, mature oak trees
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• Consumers are organisms that
• Eat only other animal species
• Get solar or other energy indirectly
• Are also known as self-feeders
• Occupy an ecosystem’s lowest energy level
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• The energy consumed by organisms
• Can be stored in fat and sugar molecules
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Nitrogen Cycle
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• Which of these is a large reservoir of nitrogen that is usable by most organisms?
• Soil
• Atmosphere
• Ocean
• space