Download - How Biotechnology came about
HOW BIOTECHNOLOGY CAME ABOUTThe cell and DNA
Objectives: Describe Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
cells. Describe the location and shape of DNA
in these two types of cells. Describe a phage (a kind of virus). Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment Describe the Four Nucleotides that make
up DNA Describe the structure of a DNA
molecule.
Types of CellsTwo General types of cells:
1) Prokaryotic cell – Bacterial2) Eukaryotic cell – All other organisms
(plant, fungi, protista and animals)
The Bacterium Prokaryotic = before the kernel (nucleus)
Note the lack of a nucleus and circular strands of DNA – plasmids.
Plasmids – circles of DNA
Example of a Eukaryotic Cell Eukaryote =
True kernel (nucleus)
Large number of internal structures.
DNA is contained within a nucleus
Viral Particles
Not cellular. Composed of
Protein And Genetic
Material only (DNA or RNA).
The Hershey-Chase Experiment
Structure of DNA DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a Nucleic
Acid, it consist of long chains of chemical units called Nucleotides
Nucleotides has three parts:
1) Phosphate2) Sugar3) Base
The Four Nucleotides Two
Pyrimidines: Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)
Two Purines: Adenine (A) Guanine (B)
How do Nucleotides combine to form a strand of DNA?
Phosphate and Sugar groups bond.
A bonds with T C bonds with G
Visioning the DNA Molecule
Another View
Activity: Examine prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
using the light microscope and models. Create a DNA molecule. Examine DNA molecule.