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Module 13:
Garden WeedsIdentification and
Control
With Dr. Ron Strahan
LSU AgCenter Home Gardening Certificate Course
Dr. Joe Willis, Anna Timmerman & Chris Dunaway
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Weed Basics
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What is a Weed?
✓A plant growing out
of place
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✓A plant whose
virtues have not yet
been discovered
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Some reasons weeds are
problems?1) Reduce yields of crops – harvest efficiency
2) Reduce land use efficiency
3) Spoil beauty of turf and ornamental areas
4) Diminish enjoyment of outdoor recreation
5) Can cause allergic reactions due to toxicity
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Weeds are great competitors!
• Water
• Nutrients
• Light
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Why so many weeds? – Pigweed
example
✓ 13,000 – 1,000,000 seed/year
✓ Dormancy – survive 30 years
✓ Don’t allow seed production
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How are weeds able to persist?
1) Number of seed produced
2) Survival of weed seed
3) Dormancy
4) Vegetative reproduction
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How do weeds spread?
1) Nature
❑ Animals and birds – Chinese tallow tree
❑ Winds – dandelion
❑ Rains and flooding
❑ Some type of runner – rhizome, stolon
2) Humans
❑ Impure seed/sod – contaminated wildflower
❑ Compost and mulch – animal droppings
❑ Irrigation – wet areas for sedges
❑ Machinery – contaminated mowing equipment
❑ Contaminated soil
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Types of Weeds
• Broadleaves –– Netted veination
– 2 cotyledons
– Taproot
– Showy flowers
• Grasses –– Parallel
– 1 cotyledon
– Fibrous roots
• Sedges –“nutgrass”
– Triangular stems
– Leaves in 3’s
Virginia
buttonweed
Crabgrass
purple nutsedge
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Broadleaf vs Grass Leaf
Broadleaf leaf veins (netted) vs grass leaf veins (parallel)
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Annuals?
Perennials?
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Types of Weeds
• Annual and perennial summer weeds
• Annual and perennial winter weeds
Goosegrass (a) Virginia buttonweed (p)
Burweed (a)
Crabgrass (a)
Annual
bluegrass (a) dandelion (p)
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Methods of Weed
Control
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Options for Weed Control
• Use Mulch to block weeds and prevent
them from germinating.
• Physical removal
Hand pulling
Hoeing
Other weed pulling gadgets
Tilling
• Herbicides
• Pre and Post Emergent
There are plenty
of weed pulling
gadgets available.
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Weed Management
Options - Mulch
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Mulch – 2 weed management
purposes
• Physical barrier to emerging seedling
• Blocks sunlight – several weeds need sunlight for germination
Chris Dunaway spreads cypress leaves as mulch.
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Mulch – information
• Many options available– Pine Straw
– Shredded Leaves
– Shredded pine Bark
– Cypress Tree Leaves
– Plus More…
• Shredded bark, pine straw are better than large wood chips
• Reapply mulch periodically
• Check your mulch source - could be weed seeds in mulch
• Don’t expect perennial plant control
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Brief Herbicide School
Session
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What is an herbicide?
A chemical which injures or kills a plant.
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Definitions
• Active ingredient – molecule that
provides herbicidal action– Glyphosate – Roundup, Eraser etc
– Trifluralin – some versions of Preen, Treflan
• Mode of action – physiological process
that leads to negative plant effects– Photosynthesis inhibitor - Atrazine
– Mitosis disruptor – Preen
– Amino acid production disrupted - Roundup
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Preemergence?
Postemergence?
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Types of Herbicides
• Preemergence – Weed preventor/residual
herbicides – controls weeds before you
see them.
• Postemergence – kills weeds that are
actively growing.
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Preemergence
Herbicide Information
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PRE herbicides are
available for the lawn
and flower bed
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Effective Preemergence
Application
• Apply before weeds germinate
• Adequate rainfall or irrigation is needed
• Do not expect all season control - reapply
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How do preemergence
herbicides work?
✓Herbicides provide a barrier
at or just below soil surface
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When Should I Apply
Preemergence Herbicides
in My Garden?
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✓ Apply to the surface of the garden soil
after the bed is prepared for planting.
✓ Apply before spreading mulch.
✓ Reapply according to label directions.
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✓ Do not use Pre-emergent herbicides
in areas where crops will be direct
seeded into the garden.
✓ You may apply them after the
crops have germinated.
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Postemergence
Herbicides
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Types of Herbicides
• Nonselective – kills everything -
Roundup, Finale
• Selective – controls certain plants and
releases other species – Weed-B-Gone,
Vantage, Atrazine
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What determines selectivity?
• Time of application
• Rate of application
• Chemical, biochemical, morphological or
physiological differences
• Knowledge of when and how to use
herbicides
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Types of Herbicides
• Contact – burns back what only what it
hits - Diquat, Finale
• Translocating (systemic) – move
throughout plant – Weed-B-Gone,
Vantage, Roundup
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Postemergence Herbicide
Examples
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Roundup
• Active ingredient – glyphosate
• Will kill or injure most plants
• A systemic herbicide – good on perennial weeds
• Totally deactivated when it hits soil
• Visual symptoms in 2-4 days in growing points
• Find everywhere
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Weed B Gon
• Ortho
• 3 way herbicides
• Low % of 2,4-D
• Excellent for winter broadleaves
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Grass B Gon
• Ortho
• Fluazifop
• Ready to use product
• Excellent for summer grasses
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Homeowner Weed Killers
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Always Read the Label
and Follow All of the
Directions Carefully
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Read the Label!
Before you apply a Herbicide
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What’s on Label
1) Type of formulation – L, DG, WP, DF
2) Use classification – general use vs restricted
use
3) Common and chemical name
4) Precautionary statements
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Proper Herbicide Use
1) Read label – label tells how to use and precautions
2) Store properly
3) Never eat or smoke near chemicals
4) Wear protective clothing
5) Use correct rate (calibrate)
6) Avoid drift and water contamination
7) Triple rinse containers
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Common preemergence herbicides for
flower beds
Surflan -Oryzalin - homeowner
Preen – Trifluralin, dithiopyr - homeowner
Hi-Yield Weed Stopper – dithiopyr - homeowner
Pendimethalin - Pendulum/Pre M - professional
Prodiamine – Barricade – professional
Many others like Snapshot, Free Hand etc.
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Preemergence Herbicides – great on annual grasses
and small seeded broadleaves like…
Common Purslane Spurge Pigweed
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Preemergence Herbicides – Will
not work on …..
• Bermudagrass
• Torpedograss
• Florida Betony
• Chamberbitter
Chamberbitter
Florida Betony
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Grass Control in Vegetable
Gardens
Did you know that you don’t have to hand pull
bermudagrass!!!!
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You can control bermudagrass
in gardens
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Control Grasses in the Vegetable
Gardens
• Hi-Yield Grass Killer- sethoxydim – up to 3 oz/gallon –can be used in vegetable gardens
• Ferti-lome Over the Top II – is now sethoxydim – also can be used in vegetable gardens
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Using Roundup/glyphosate
safely in beds
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Glyphosate with 41% active
• Roundup, Hi-Yield Killzall, Eraser, Eliminator etc.
• Will kill or injure most plants
• A systemic herbicide – good on perennial weeds
• deactivated when it hits soil
• Visual symptoms in 2-4 days in growing points
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Roundup Brands
• 18%, 41%, 50% glyphosate
• Ready to use products also – usually < 2%
• Prone to drift with high pressure and windy conditions
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Roundup damage to a tomato plant.
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Weed Wipers on the market
Weed wipers and products like Roundup Gel allow the application of non-
selective herbicides growing near other desirable plants.
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Rubber/Cotton Glove
Method
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Rubber Glove/Cotton Glove
3 oz of glyphosate in 32 oz. of water
Rubber glove inside cotton glove
Dip and squeeze off excess
Gently wipe weed leaves
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Use wipe method for hard to control
weeds like…
Translocates to underground
storage organs
Paint brush, sponge mop etc.
Florida betony (rattlesnake)
torpedograss
bush killer vine
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Organic Weed Control
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Perfectly Natural - Organic
• 90% vinegar and 8% clove oil
• RTU – no mixing
• Smells good
• Tried it – works ok on very small annuals
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Scythe – fatty acid
• Non-selective – pelargonic acid
• Works well on tender annuals – 5% solution
• Poor on perennials
• Overall, a pretty good performer
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Ortho Elementals
• Non-selective
• iron based and soybean oil
• Works well on small annual broadleaves
and grasses
• Poor on perennials
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Preen Organic Corn Gluten
• 100% granulated corn gluten meal
• Apply 5 lbs. per 250 sq. ft. (25' x 10') to vegetable bed.
• gluten releases an enzyme that interferes with germinating seeds
• Gave fairly good weed control for 15 days in an experiment
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Please post all your questions and results to the message board:
https://www.facebook.com/groups/538153443545779/
More resources for this module can be found at the following link:
https://www.lsuagcenter.com/topics/lawn_garden/master%20gardener/home-gardening-certificate-course