Housing Conditions of Recent Immigrants in the Ottawa-Gatineau Region
CHRA Congress 2013
Richard Gabay Policy and Research DivisionCanada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
May 2013
CANADA MORTGAGE AND HOUSING CORPORATION 2
Source region of recent immigrants, Ottawa-Gatineau and Ontario, 2006
Africa
West Central Asia & Middle East
Europe
East Asia
South Asia
Central & South America
Southeast Asia
Caribbean
United States & other
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ottawa-Gatineau Ontario
Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Canada)
Proportion of recent immigrants born in each region (%)
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Median after-tax incomes, immigrant and non-immigrant households, Ottawa-Gatineau, 2005
2001 to 2006 (recent)
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1981 to 1990
Prior to 1981
All immigrants
Canadian-born
All households
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000
Households by type of maintainer and period of immigration
Year of landing describes the year in which the primary household maintainer landed in Canada.“Recent” refers to maintainers who landed in Canada from January 1, 2001 through May 16, 2006.Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Canada)
Median after-tax household income (dollars)
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Homeownership rates, immigrant and non-immigrant households, Ottawa-Gatineau, 2006
2001 to 2006 (recent)
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1981 to 1990
Prior to 1981
All immigrants
Non-immigrants
All households
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Households by type of maintainer and period of immigration
Year of landing describes the year in which the primary household maintainer landed in Canada.“Recent” refers to maintainers who landed in Canada from January 1, 2001 through May 16, 2006.Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Canada)
Owners as a % of all households in group
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Rate of crowding, immigrant and non-immigrant households, Ottawa-Gatineau, 2006
2001 to 2006 (recent)
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1981 to 1990
Prior to 1981
All immigrants
Non-immigrants
All households
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Households by type of maintainer and period of immigration
Year of landing describes the year in which the primary household maintainer landed in Canada.“Recent” refers to maintainers who landed in Canada from January 1, 2001 through May 16, 2006.Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Canada)
Crowded households as a % of all households in group
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Shelter cost-to-income ratio, immigrant and non-immigrant households, Ottawa-Gatineau, 2006
2001 to 2006 (recent)
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1981 to 1990
Prior to 1981
All immigrants
Non-immigrants
All households
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Households by type of maintainer and period of immigration
Exclude farm, band, and reserve households; households with incomes of zero or less; and households with STIRs of 100% or more. Year of landing describes the year in which the primary household maintainer landed in Canada. “Recent” refers to maintainers who landed in Canada from January 1, 2001 through May 16, 2006.Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Canada)
Average shelter-cost-to-income (STIR) ratio by group (%)
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Core housing need, immigrant and non-immigrant households, Ottawa-Gatineau, 2006
2001 to 2006 (recent)
1996 to 2000
1991 to 1995
1981 to 1990
Prior to 1981
All immigrants
Non-immigrants
All households
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Households by type of maintainer and period of immigration
% of households in core housing need
Excludes farm, band, and reserve households; households with incomes of zero or less; and households with STIRs of 100% or more. Year of landing describes the year in which the primary household maintainer landed in Canada. “Recent” refers to maintainers who landed in Canada from January 1, 2001 through May 16, 2006.Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Census of Canada)
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Core housing need, immigrant and non-immigrant households, Ontario urban areas*, 2002-2007
* Urban areas include Census Metropolitan Areas (CMAs) and Census Agglomerations (CAs).Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090
5
10
15
20
25
Immigrants Non-immigrants
% of households in core housing need
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Persistence of core housing need, immigrant and non-immigrant individuals, Ontario urban areas, 2005-2007
Individuals ‘Occasionally in need‘ were in core housing need for 1 or 2 years; those ‘Persistently in need’ were in core housing need for all three years, 2005-2007.Source: CMHC, adapted from Statistics Canada (Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics)
Never in need Occasionally in need Persistently in need0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Immigrants Non-immigrants
Households by core housing need status (%)
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Considerations
Newcomers generally experience more challenging housing conditions– housing outcomes typically improve the longer
immigrants remain in the region– but some face persistently challenging housing
conditions Differences between recent and other immigrants are
partly age-related– recent immigrants are generally younger– younger people typically have lower savings and
incomes and more affordability challenges Immigrants are not homogeneous
– each generation is unique– each group faces different economic conditions upon
arrival– immigrants from different parts of the world may have
different housing preferences and outcomes– language, labour market, housing and other challenges
will be different for different types and cohorts of immigrants
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CMHC online tools—housing for newcomers
Housing information in 8 languages– Renting/buying a home– Looking after your home– What is a credit report
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CMHC online tools—housing for newcomers