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TOURISM PLANNING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
SUBMITTED BYLEKHNI GARG
UDIT MAHAJAN
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Tourism In India
Indian tourism covers 0.8% of the Worlds Market.
Estimated that tourism in India could contribute Rs.
8,50,000 crores to the GDP by 2020 ( approx. 1800 million
USD)
Foreign tourist arrival in India during
2010 5.78 Million
2011 6.29 Million
2012(Till July) 3.76 Million
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Foreign Exchange Earning during
2010 Rs 64889 Cr
2011 Rs 77591 Cr
2012(Till July) Rs 52149 Cr
Employment during 2011-july 2012
Direct 10.7 Million
Indirect 24.4 Million
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Tourism PlanningTourism is one of many activities in a community or
region that requires planning and coordination.
Planning is the process of identifying objectives and
defining and evaluating methods of achieving them.
Tourism planning is goal-oriented, striving to achieve
certain objectives by matching available resources and
programs with the needs and wants of people.
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By comprehensive planning we mean planning which
considers all of the tourism resources, organizations,
markets, and programs within a region.
Comprehensive planning also considers economic,
environmental, social, and institutional aspects of
tourism development
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Tourism Planning Process
Background Information
Mission
Vision
Goals
Theme Development
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Objective
Action Plan
Writing Recommendation
Identifying Evaluation Strategies
Prioritize Recommendation
Write plan
Implementation
Evaluation and Monitoring
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Evolution of tourism development planning
Stage 1
Unplanned tourism development era
Stage 2
Beginning of partly supply oriented tourism
Stage 3
Entirely supply oriented
Stage 4
Market or Demand oriented tourism development
Stage 5
Contemporary Planning Approach
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Two Sides of Tourism Planning
Tourism planning has evolved from two related but distinct
sets of planning philosophies and methods.
1.Tourism is one of many activities in an area that must be
considered as part of physical, environmental, social, and
economic planning.
2. Tourism may also be viewed as a business in which a
community or region chooses to engage
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Stages Of Tourism Planning At National Level
National level Planning
Tourism Policy
Other major infrastructure considerations.
The general amount types, and quality level of
accommodation and other tourist facilities and services
required.
The major tour routes in the country and their regional
connections
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Regional Planning
Regional Policy
Regional access and the internal transportation network of
facilities and services
Type and location of tourist attraction
Location of tourism development areas including resorts
areas
Amount, type and location of tourist accommodation and
other tourist facilities and services.
Marketing strategies and promotion programs
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Resort Planning
It is more specific than regional planning level, but not as
detailed as development area or resort land use planning.
The components of the resort plan will depend on the
situation of the resort, but typically would include tourist
attraction features, general location of accommodation and
other tourist facilities and services
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Tourism Planning in India
In India tourism planning started quite late with the 1st
tourism policy announced by govt. in November 1982.
In July, 1986 the Planning Commission of India set up the
National Committee on Tourism in order to formulate plans
for this sector.
In May, 1992 the National Action Plan for tourism was
announced.
Indian tourism planning increased with the 7th Five year plan
India(1985-1989).
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In 8th Five year plan(1992-1997) govt allowed private sector
to participate in tourism sector.
In 9th five year plan(1998-2002) and 10th Five year plan there
is no innovation has been started, all proposed project were
completed.
After that during 11th five year plan(2007-2012) there was a
distinct shift in the approach of tourism development.
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Strategies for development of tourism during 12th plan
Targets for tourism sector
A. Increase India’s share of international tourist arrivals to at least
1% by the end of 12th plan requiring an annual growth of 12.38%
during 2011-2016.
B. Provide adequate facilities for domestic tourism to sustain the
growth 12.16% during 12th plan.
Implications of the targets
i. Foreign tourist arrivals
Number of FTA’s in 2016 are estimated to be 11.24 million.
Number of tourist visit in 2016 will be around 35.96 million.
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ii. Domestic tourism
Number of domestic tourist visit in 2016 are estimated to be
1451.46 million.
iii. Additional Foreign Exchange Earnings From tourism
The foreign exchange earning from tourism will increase from Rs
64889 Crore in 2010 to Rs 134383 Crore in 2016.
Additional FEE from tourism during 2010-2016 are estimated to be
Rs69494.
iv. Employment generation
The total number of jobs in the tourism sector in 2016 are
estimated to be 77.5 million as compared to 53 million 2010. An
additional employment of 24.5 million is likely to be created
during 2010-2016.
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Manpower requirement in hospitality sector
YearRequirement Supply Gaps
2011-12 5.83 0.52 5.32
2012-13 6.26 0.56 5.70
2016-17 8.29 0.75 7.54
(In Lakhs)
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Accommodation units
Availability of Hotel Rooms 2010
Classified 128771
Unclassified 2583519
Total 2712290
Availability of Hotel Rooms 2016
Classified 310523
Unclassified 4661807
Total 4972330
Additional Hotel Rooms Requirements 2016
Classified 181752
Unclassified 2078288
Total 2260040
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Employment Generation Due to Proposed Strategies
StrategyProposed Government Outlay (Crore)
Likely investment by private sector
Total likely investment (Crore)
Estimated Jobs generated (Lakhs)
Strategy 1 9450 11340 20790 162.16
Strategy 2 1000 20000 2100 6.0
Strategy 3 770 770 6.0
Strategy 4 4000 4800 8800 68.64
Total 15220 36140 51360 145.43
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Taxation and Incentives
i. Taxes on Hotel sector
It is observed that it ranges from 4% to 20%.
ii. Taxes on food & beverages
VAT on food items ranges from 5% to 16.84%
VAT on liquor varies from 13 to 58%
Service tax 10%(with an abatement of 70%)
iii. Taxes on road transport
23% of the package cost
iv. Taxes on Air travel
new service tax of Rs 185
passenger service tax
airport tax varied from 200-400Rs
fuel surcharges varying from Rs1850 to Rs 2500.
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Proposed Outlay Of Ministry of Tourism For 12th Plan12th Plan 11th Plan
Existing Strategy-Dest./Circuits 4000 2606
Strategy 1 – 35 dest./circuits 9450
Strategy 2 – 20 tourism parks 1000
Strategy 3 – 70 RTC’s 770
Overseas Promotion & Publicity 3000 1010
Domestic Promotion & Publicity 1500 426
Manpower Development 1650 603
Incentives to accommodation Infrastructure 750 235
Other Scheme 276
MR 230
ITDC 250
IT 150
Land Bank 50
Total 22800 5156
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Initiatives to be taken to achieve the target
Strategy 1
Enhancing the industrial infrastructure of hospitali ty
Education by
• Opening new institute of hotel management and food Craft
Institute(FCI)
• Augmenting the capacity of existing IHM/FCI
• Facilitating private Sector Investment
Strategy 2
Hospitality Education to be broad to cover
• Universities
• Polytechnics
• Industrial training Institute
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Strategy 3
• Skill development through “Hunar se Rozgar”
• Above educational Institutions
• Classified Star category Hotels
Strategy 4
• New sector to be identified eg. Restoration workers of
heritage building
• Convergence with planning commission , ministries of HRD
labour and rural Development.
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Infrastructural Development In India
The infrastructure for tourism includes basic components
like airports, railways, roadways, waterways amenities like
electricity, water supply, drainage, sewage, solid waste
disposal and services & facilities like accommodation,
restaurants, recreational facilities and shopping facilities.
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Strategies for infrastructural development
Strategy 1
Identify major circuits/ destinations having potential to attract
large number of visitors for development in mission mode.
Strategy 2
Develop tourism Parks to be located in developed/
underdeveloped/ unexplored area of tourist interest.
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Strategy 3
Identify cluster of villages having unique craft, ethnic art form
for development as tourism product.
Strategy 4
Sanctioning of mega tourism destinations to be discontinued.
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Political framework in India
The union govt. is responsible for matters such as external
affairs, visa regulation, foreign exchange and import export
procedures.
State govt. is responsible for Law & orders, land use, civic
amenities, shops & establishments.
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To provide adequate, convenient , fast and safe facilities which
are competitively priced service to meet the primary needs of
the domestic and foreign tourist.
To provide the multi dimensional requirement of Indian tourism
industry with support facilities and act as catalyst to economic
development of the country.
Major objectives for infrastructural development
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Construction Scheme
Forest lodges , landed accommodation , tourist complexes
wayside amenities, motels/cafeteria/ restaurant ,tourist
reception centers, pilgrim sheds, public convenience.
Tourist Transport
• Mini buses ,jeeps, elephants etc for wildlife viewing
• Cruise boats ,ferry launchers ,etc. for water transport
• Tourist coaches in selected circuits
• Special tourist trains
Infrastructure Development Scheme
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Product Development Scheme
• Development of rural tourism
• Development of Cruise tourism
• Development of adventure tourism
• Refurbishment of monuments and environmental planning
• Development of pilgrim centre
• Open sky policy
• Foreign direct investment
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The India Tourism Development Corporation
Limited (ITDC) is an Hospitality, retail and Education company
owned by Government of India, under Ministry of Tourism.
Established in 1966, it owns over 17 properties under
the Ashok Group of Hotels brand, across India.
ITDC came into existence in October 1966 and has been the
prime mover in the progressive development, promotion and
expansion of tourism in the country.
India Tourism Development Corporation Limited
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Mission Statement: To provide leadership and play a catalytic
role in the development of tourism infrastructure in the country
and to achieve excellence in its strategic business units
through professionalism, efficiency, value for money and
customer focused service.
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To function as an efficient corporate house with improved
productivity levels and profit margins.
To be a major player in the development of tourism infrastructure
in the country.
To play an active role in associating State Governments and State
Tourism Development Corporations in conceptualizing and
execution of tourism projects, publicity, promotion and training.
To rationalize/ right-size the manpower to have a lean, thin and
efficient organization.
Objectives of ITDC
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To create value for the shareholders.
To ensure customer delight by providing value for money.
To construct, take over and manage existing hotels and market
hotels, Beach Resorts Travellers’ Lodges/Restaurants;
To provide transport, entertainment, shopping and conventional
services;
To produce, distribute, tourist publicity material;
To render consultancy-cum-managerial services in India and
abroad;
To carry on the business as Full-Fledged Money Changers
(FFMC), restricted money changers etc.
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Various Infrastructural Development Plans undertaken In Karnataka
No Location Extent ofland inacres
Indicative projects ideas Indicativeinvestment inRs. Crore*
1 PilikulaMangalore
18 Convention center, StarHotel/ Theme Park / Cultural Village
100
2 Tannir Bhavi,Mangalore
20 Aquamarine Park 150-200
3 Mysore 35 Convention Center, StarHotel / Multi Theme Park
275
4 Jog 20 Eco Resort & AdventureSports Activities
15
5 Shantisagar Lake 8.1 Adventure sports, FamilyEntertainment Centre
35
6 Anekal 40 Resort, Adventure sports 75
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7 Badami 2 Star Hotel 60
8 Bijapur 3 Resort / Amusement Park 25
9 Belur 3 Wellness Centre / TouristAmenities Centre
5
10 Kerethonnur Lake
5 Adventure sports, FamilyEntertainment Centre
30
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Ongoing Projects
Budget Hotel Projects (North East India, Uttaranchal etc)
Uttaranchal Air Connectivity
Ropeway Projects in Uttaranchal, Meghalaya etc.
Tourism Destination at Tehri Dam
Ski Resort
New Tourism Development in Bodoland
Tourist Rest Houses in Kumaon Hills
Sea / River Cruises in Andhra Pradesh
Southern Splendour Luxury Train in Andhra Pradesh
Ananthgiri Eco-Tourism Development Project in Andhra
Pradesh.
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Sri Ram Sagar Destination Development in Andhra Pradesh
Vizaq Beach Development in Andhra Pradesh
International Convention Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan
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