Download - HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW
![Page 1: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HONORS BIOLOGYCHAPTER 5 REVIEW
![Page 2: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
#1
• Why is fluid mosaic a good description of the plasma membrane?
• Structures shift in place • Watery hydrophilic heads and
hydrophobic (fatty tails)
![Page 3: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
#1
Why is the cell membrane called a phospholipid bilayer?
Two layers of phospho heads and fatty acid tails
![Page 4: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
#2
• Six functions of proteins in a plasma membrane: p.74
• Attach to ECM• Signal transduction• Transport • Intercellular junction• Cell-cell recognition• Enzymatic activity
![Page 5: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
#3
• Can easily enter• Hydrophobic
molecules (oil soluble):
• O2, N2
• Nonpolar: benzene• Very small uncharged
or small polar molecules: H2O, Urea, glycerol, CO2
• Can NOT easily enter• Large uncharged
Glucose,Sucrose• Polar molecules
sucrose (see OH groups)
• Hydrophilic• Ions (charged) H+ ,
Na+ , HCO3 , K+, Ca2+, Cl-, Mg2+
![Page 6: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
#4
• 3 types of passive transport• Diffusion-just passing of hi to low• Osmosis-passing of water thru a
selectively permeable memb.• Facilitated – Hi to low through a
protein channel
![Page 7: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
#5
• What does it mean to go “down the gradient?”
• Move from hi to low concentration• What does it mean to go “against
the gradient?• Move from low to high (with
energy)
![Page 8: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
#6
• What direction does the water flow if a cell of 4% solutes is placed in:
10% 4% 0%
![Page 9: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
#6
• What direction does the water flow if a cell of 4% solutes is placed in:
• REMEMBER: HYPO TO HYPER
10% 4% 0%
4%
![Page 10: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
#7
• What is tonicity?• Measure of osmotic pressure
gradient determined by the solute concentration that cannot cross the selectively permeable membrane
![Page 11: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
#7
• Note water flows from high water concentration to low (hypo to hyper)
![Page 12: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
#8 Animal Cells
![Page 13: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
#8 Plants
![Page 14: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
#9
How does the contractile vacuole control water in a paramecium?
Contractile vacuole youtube
Water squeezed out of vacuole
![Page 15: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
#10
• What is an aquaporin?• Integral membrane proteins
moving water• 3 billion more times than
just moving through a regular plasma membrane
![Page 16: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
#11• Exocytosis and endocytosis are both
active transport.
Protein channels span the membrane.
Endocytosis and exocytosis engulf the particle with the membrane.
![Page 17: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
#12
– Large liquid receptors
Particle drops specific
![Page 18: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
#13
• Ability to cause change or do work
• L. energy
• Thermal energy• O. heat
![Page 19: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
13
• Energy as a result of location or structure• I. potential
• Type of energy released or need in molecules
• N. chemical
![Page 20: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
#13
• Study of energy transformations• M thermodynamics
• Reaction that releases energy• E. exergonic
![Page 21: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
#13
• Makes products rich in potential energy
• G. Endergonic• Energy of motion• J. kinetic
![Page 22: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
#13
• Measure of disorder• B. Entropy
• Energy in the universe is constant• C.1st Law of Thermodynamics
![Page 23: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
#13
• Energy from exergonic to run endergonic
• K. Energy coupling
• Total of an organism’s chemical reactions
• F. metabolism
![Page 24: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
#13
• Series of chemical reactions.• A. Metabolic pathway
![Page 25: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
#13
• Energy conversions increase the entropy• D. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics
• Cells use oxygen to release energy from molecules
• H. Cellular respiration
![Page 26: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
#14
• What does ATP stand for?• Adenosine triphosphate
![Page 27: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
#15
• What part of the ATP molecule is lost or gained?
• Phosphate
• Is ATP recyclable?
• YES
![Page 28: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
#16
• Is ATP made by phosphorylation?
• YES ADP + P = ATP
ADP is made by hydrolysis.
ATP = ADP + P
![Page 29: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
#17
• Is ATP made from exergonic reactions or endergonic?
• Endergonic
![Page 30: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
#18
• What is activation energy?• Amount of energy needed to get a
reaction going.• Why is this energy needed?• Reactants are stable and bonds
need to be broken or distorted.
![Page 31: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
#18
• How do enzymes affect the amount of activation energy needed?
• Reduces the activation energy needed
• Why?• Enzyme brings the reactants together.
![Page 32: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
#19• Why are enzymes called “Biological
catalysts?• They are proteins (biological) and speed
up reactions without changing themselves.
![Page 33: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
#20
• SKETCH HOW AN ENZYME WORKS:
![Page 34: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
#21• What is the purpose of the “induced fit” of
an enzyme-substrate complex?• The enzyme slightly changes the shape
of the active site to contort/break substrate bonds.
![Page 35: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
#22
• Why might too high temperatures make an enzyme not function properly?
• Denature (unravel) the enzyme and change the shape of the active site.
![Page 36: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
#23• What is the optimal
temperature for most human enzymes?
• 35-40o C
• What is the optimal pH for most enzymes?
• 6-8
![Page 37: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
#24
• What is the difference between cofactors and coenzymes?
• Cofactors are inorganic and coenzymes are organic.
![Page 38: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
#25• Sketch an enzyme with a competitive
inhibitor.
![Page 39: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
#26
• Sketch an enzyme and its substrate with a noncompetitive inhibitor.
![Page 40: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
#27
• What is an allosteric site?
• A site a substrate binds to other than the active site (an alters the shape of the protein’s active site)
![Page 41: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
#28
• What is it called if a cell produces more product than it needs and the product act as an inhibitor?
• Feedback inhibition (negative feedback)
![Page 42: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
#29 MATCH• Inhibits
prostanglandins (sensation of pain)
• Blocks bact. Cell walls
• Blood pressure meds
• Target HIV
Ibuprofen
Penicillin
Beta blockers
Protease inhibitors
![Page 43: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
#30
![Page 44: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
#31
• LABEL THE PLASMA MEMBRANE:• Phospho head A1• Cholesterol E• Lipid tail A2• Protein pump G• Carbohydrate chain D• Glycolipid F
![Page 45: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
#31
• Peripheral protein• Glycoprotein• Phospholipid• Receptor protein• Passive transport
protein
• H
• I• A
• B
• C
![Page 46: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
32.
• If given the concentrations in and out of dialysis tubing of sucrose solutions predict movement of distilled water.
• 1M• 0.8 M• 0.6 M• 0.4 M• 0.2 M• 0.0 M
![Page 47: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
32.movement of water
• If given the concentrations in and out of dialysis tubing of sucrose solutions predict movement of distilled water.
• 1M in tube• 0.8 M in tube• 0.6 M in tube• 0.4 M in tube• 0.2 M in tube• 0.0 M in/out
![Page 48: HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 5 REVIEW](https://reader038.vdocuments.us/reader038/viewer/2022102809/568142ab550346895daeeace/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
What is the molarity of the potato core? (where line crosses zero line) 0.3M