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Homeostasis and Cell Processes
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Homeostasis
For your body to stay healthy cells must :1. Obtain and use energy2. Make new cells3. Exchange material4. Eliminate waste
Homeostasis ensures that cells can carry out these tasks
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All Cells need Energy and materials to survive• In unicellular organisms – the cell membrane regulates what goes in
and out of the cell. – maintaining homeostasis
• In Multicellular organisms – cells work together to maintain homeostasis for the entire organism.
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Transport System
• Plants have two vascular systems to maintain homeostasis• Xylem – tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to rest
of plant• Phloem – tissue that transports food throughout the plant
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How cells get energy
• Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration• Photosynthesis -
1. Plants use sun to change carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen2. Takes place in chloroplast
• Cellular Respiration –process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food• Plant, animals and most organisms use cellular respiration to get energy from
food
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Photosynthesis chemical equation
• Water + Carbon Dioxide => sugar + Oxygen
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/
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Cellular Respiration equation
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellularrespiration/
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How do cells Divide?
• Cells grow, divide and die• Cell division in Eukaryotic cells is called mitosis – resulting in two
identical cells• They have the same genetic material
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/mitosis/
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How do cells exchange materials?
• 1. Passive Transport – movement of particles across cell membrane without the use of energy• Diffusion – the movement of molecules from high concentration to low
concentration• Osmosis – diffusion of water
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Active Transport
• 2. Active Transport - Movement of particles against a concentration gradient and requires energy.
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Endocytosis
• 3. Endocytosis
• Cell uses energy to surround a particle – cell membrane wraps around particle to bring it into cell
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Exocytosis
• 4. Exocytosis - Particles that are enclosed in vesicle and released from cell
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How do organisms maintain homeostasis• Cells must work together to maintain homeostasis• Ex. When an organism is cold cell respond to maintain body temp.• Warm-blooded animals muscle cells contract to generate heat.