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22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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Louise Bourgeois
see also: Bourgeois Louise
Louise Bourgeois
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22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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b. 1911, Paris
Louise Bourgeois was born on December 25, 1911, in Paris. As a teenager, Bourgeois assisted herparents in their tapestryrestoration business, making drawings that indicated to the weavers therepairs to be made. In 1932, she entered the Sorbonne to study mathematics, but abandoned thatdiscipline for art. In the mid to late 1930s, she studied at the École des BeauxArts, Académie dela GrandeChaumière, École du Louvre, Atelier Fernand Léger, and other Parisian schools. In 1938,Bourgeois married an American, the art historian Robert Goldwater, and moved to New York.There, she studied for two years at the Art Students League and was soon participating in printexhibitions.
After moving to a new apartment in 1941, Bourgeois began to make large wood sculptures on theroof of her building. In 1945, her first solo show, comprised of twelve paintings, was held at theBertha Schaefer Gallery in New York and her work was first included in the Whitney Annual (laterthe Whitney Biennial). In the mid to late 1940s, she worked at Stanley William Hayter's printshop,Atelier 17, where she met Le Corbusier, Joan Miró, and other Europeans exiled by World War II. In1949, she exhibited works from her Personage series in the first show of her sculpture, at PeridotGallery in New York.
In 1951, Bourgeois became an American citizen. Continuing her mode of abstracted figurationinstilled with psychological and symbolic content, she remained stylistically distinct from New YorkSchool developments. She did, however, join American Abstract Artists in 1954. In the 1960s, shetaught in public schools and at Brooklyn College and Pratt Institute in New York. She wouldcontinue to teach at colleges and universities during the following decade. In the late 1960s,Bourgeois's imagery became more explicitly sexual as she explored the relationship between menand women and the emotional impact of her troubled childhood (her father had had a tenyearaffair with her governess). From 1967 until 1972, she made trips to Pietrasanta, Italy, to work inmarble.
With the rise of feminism and the art world's new pluralism, her work found a wider audience. Inthe 1970s, she began to do Performance pieces—among them A Banquet/A Fashion Show of BodyParts (1978), in which she wrapped art historians and students in white drapery with sewninanatomical forms—and expanded the scale of her threedimensional work to large environments.
The first retrospective of Bourgeois's work was organized by the Museum of Modern Art in NewYork (1982–83), and her first European retrospective was assembled by the FrankfurterKunstverein (1989). Bourgeois was selected to be the American representative to the 1993 VeniceBiennale. Her collected writings were published in 1998. In 2000, three thirtyfoothigh towers byBourgeois, commissioned by the Tate Modern in London—I Do, I Undo, and I Redo—were featuredin that museum's inaugural exhibition. Many of her largescale works have been exhibited aspublic art, including three spider sculptures installed at Rockefeller Center in New York in 2001under the aegis of the Public Art Fund.
Bourgeois's achievements have been recognized with, among other honors, a fellowship from theNational Endowment for the Arts (1973), membership in the American Academy of Arts andSciences (1981), a grand prize in sculpture from the French Ministry of Culture (1991), and theNational Medal of Arts (1997). Bourgeois lives and works in Manhattan.
Seven in a Bed2001
22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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Seven in a Bed2001
Spiral Woman2003
22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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Femme Maison2001
Femme Couteau2002
Arched Figure1999
Arched Figure1999
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Untitled1996
Untitled 2002
The Destruction of the Father
22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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1974
Blind Man's Buff1984
Spider
22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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Spider
Spider I1995
Spider
Untitled
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The Reticent Child (detail)2003
Woven Child
Maman1999
22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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Maman1999
22/3/2016 History of Art: Louise Bourgeois
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Maman1999
Swaddling1997
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Exhibition Image2002
Couple2004
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Couple (detail)2004
Femme
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Femme
Femme
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Femme
The Welcoming Hands1996
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Avenza1968
Janus Fleuri1968
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No Exit1989
The Blind Leading the Blind19471949
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Cleavage1991
Cel VIII1998
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Two Figures
Avenza Revisited II19681969
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Cell XVII (Portrait)2000
Choker1948
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The Ladders
The Quartered One19641965
The Suicide1998
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The Rectory2002
The Institute2002
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Hysterical2001
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Couple2002
Defiance1991
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Femme Volage1951
The Reticent Child (set of three prints)2004
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The Reticent Child (set of three prints)2004
The Reticent Child (set of three prints)2004
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Medical Print2001
Couples2001
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