Download - Historical Inquiry
Historical InquiryED 6902
Jeff WhippleED 6902
Historical InquiryED 6902
ed6902.wikispaces.com
Historical InquiryED 6902
Historical Inquiry
1812181218671867
1497149719171917
1984198419451945
Historical InquiryED 6902
Historical Inquiry
Too much past to remember all of it.
Historical research has evolved to provide a systematic way to locate,
evaluate, harvest, synthesize and create new understandings
Historical InquiryED 6902
Finding Historical “Truth”
“You got your history, I got mine”
Henry Ford
History is subjective - debate over ability to find “truth”
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Finding Historical “Truth”
• discovery / heuresticconstructivist
• criticism of sources
• synthesis and exposition
Three Major Operations in historical inquiry
Historical InquiryED 6902
The “stories” lead to the “question”
• researchers curious about history, review artifacts
• the research question most often arises from the content
Historical InquiryED 6902
Critical Analysis
““Tyranny of the printed page”Tyranny of the printed page”
Historical InquiryED 6902
SCIM Method
Historical InquiryHistorical Inquiry
Historical InquiryED 6902
Government of QuebecGovernment of Quebec
The Prime MinisterThe Prime Minister
Quebec City, October 16, 1970Quebec City, October 16, 1970
Mr Prime Minister,Mr Prime Minister,
During the last few days the people of Quebec have been greatly shocked by the kidnapping of Mr. James R. Cross, representative of theDuring the last few days the people of Quebec have been greatly shocked by the kidnapping of Mr. James R. Cross, representative of theBritish Government in Montreal, and the Hon. Pierre Laporte, Minister of Labour and Manpower and Minister of Immigration of Quebec, as well British Government in Montreal, and the Hon. Pierre Laporte, Minister of Labour and Manpower and Minister of Immigration of Quebec, as well as by the threats to the security of the state and individuals expressed in communiqués issued by the Front de Liberation du Quebec or on its \as by the threats to the security of the state and individuals expressed in communiqués issued by the Front de Liberation du Quebec or on its \behalf, and finally by all the circumstances surrounding these events.behalf, and finally by all the circumstances surrounding these events.
After consultation with authorities directly responsible for the administra tion of justice in Quebec, the Quebec Government is convinced that After consultation with authorities directly responsible for the administra tion of justice in Quebec, the Quebec Government is convinced that the law , as it stands now, is inadequate to meet this situation satisfactorily.the law , as it stands now, is inadequate to meet this situation satisfactorily.
Under the circumstances, on behalf of the Government of Quebec, I request that emergency powers be provided as soon as possible so that Under the circumstances, on behalf of the Government of Quebec, I request that emergency powers be provided as soon as possible so that more effective steps may be taken. I request particularly that such powers encompass the authority to apprehend and keep in custody more effective steps may be taken. I request particularly that such powers encompass the authority to apprehend and keep in custody individuals who, the Attorney General of Quebec has valid reasons to believe, are determined to overthrow the government through violence individuals who, the Attorney General of Quebec has valid reasons to believe, are determined to overthrow the government through violence and illegal means. According to the information we have and which is available to you, we are facing a concerted effort to intimidate and and illegal means. According to the information we have and which is available to you, we are facing a concerted effort to intimidate and overthrow the government and the democratic institutions of this province through planned and systematic illegal action, including insurrection. overthrow the government and the democratic institutions of this province through planned and systematic illegal action, including insurrection. It is obvious that those participating in this concerted effort completely reject the principle of freedom under the rule of law.It is obvious that those participating in this concerted effort completely reject the principle of freedom under the rule of law.
The Quebec Government is convinced that such powers are necessary to meet the present emergency. Not only are two completely innocent The Quebec Government is convinced that such powers are necessary to meet the present emergency. Not only are two completely innocent men threatened with death, but we are also faced with an attempt by a minority to destroy social order through criminal action; it is for those men threatened with death, but we are also faced with an attempt by a minority to destroy social order through criminal action; it is for those reasons that our government is making the present request.reasons that our government is making the present request.
The government is confident that, through such powers, it will be able to put an immediate stop to intimidation and terror and to ensure peace The government is confident that, through such powers, it will be able to put an immediate stop to intimidation and terror and to ensure peace and security for all citizens.and security for all citizens.
Please accept, Mr. Prime Minister, my very best regards.Please accept, Mr. Prime Minister, my very best regards.
Robert Bourassa, PremierRobert Bourassa, Premier
link
Historical InquiryED 6902
Collaborating
After SCIMAfter SCIMSynthesize data to create storySynthesize data to create story
Similarities and differences Accounting factors Conclusions drawn Additional information or sources necessary
Historical InquiryED 6902
Benchmarks
Key Components of Key Components of Historical ThinkingHistorical Thinking
http://www.histori.ca/benchmarks/
Historical InquiryED 6902
Benchmark # 1
HistoricalHistorical
SignificanceSignificance
What can it tell us about a larger story?
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Reliability of Sources
QuickTime™ and ampeg4 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Primary Source EvidencePrimary Source EvidenceThe Litter of History
Looking for Evidence, not information
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Benchmark # 2
Historical InquiryED 6902
Reliability of Sources
Indications of originality of sourceIndications of originality of source
Chronological proximity to event Chronological proximity to event Older is better!Older is better!
Historical InquiryED 6902
Reliability of Sources
If various sources contain same message, credibility increased
Indication of tendency, or a motivation for bias
Historical InquiryED 6902
Criticism: Reliability
Time: When was source produced?
Localization: Where was it produced?
Authorship: Who produced it?
Historical InquiryED 6902
Criticism: Reliability
Analysis: From what pre-existing materials was it produced
Integrity: What was it’s original form?
Credibility: evidential value
Historical InquiryED 6902
Continuity Continuity and Changeand Change
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Benchmark # 3
View history as change over time, NOT a series of dates, events
Historical InquiryED 6902
Cause & ConsequenceCause & Consequence
What were the actions, beliefs and circumstances that led to events
Individuals / groups promote, shape and resist change
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Benchmark # 4
Historical InquiryED 6902
Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
Benchmark # 5
“The past is a foreign country”
Understanding the social, cultural and intellectual settings
that shaped lives
“Historical empathy”
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Moral DimensionsMoral Dimensions
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Benchmark # 6
To what extent should we make moral judgements?
Do historical events place responsibilities upon us
today?
If story is meaningful, we should expect to learn something.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Application of the Benchmarks
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Primary SourcesHistorical SignificanceContinuity and ChangeCause and ConsequenceHistorical PerspectiveMoral Consequences
Historical InquiryED 6902
Artifact Review
ActivityQuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
ed6902.wikispaces.com
Historical InquiryED 6902
Artifact 1
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Artifact 2
A New Way of Life
Historical InquiryED 6902
Artifact 3
"A great many canoes filled with the Natives were about the ships all day, and a trade commenced betwixt us and them,
which was carried on with the Strictest honisty on boath sides. Their articles were the Skins of various animals, such as Bears,
Wolfs, Foxes, Dear, Rackoons, Polecats, Martins and in particular the Sea Beaver, the same as is found on the coast of
Kamtchatka."
Historical InquiryED 6902
Artifact 4
Historical InquiryED 6902
Engaging in Historical Inquiry
SSummarizingummarizing
CContextualizingontextualizing
IInferringnferring
MMonitoringonitoring
Historical InquiryED 6902
QuickTime™ and ampeg4 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
The Last Spike
Book published in 1971Book published in 1971
Historical Inquiry / narrative formatHistorical Inquiry / narrative format
Historian & Author Pierre BurtonHistorian & Author Pierre Burton
Documents the political, cultural, Documents the political, cultural, social and economic stories of the social and economic stories of the building of the railway across building of the railway across western Canada.western Canada.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Data Collection
Used Primary sourcesUsed Primary sources Public archives (federal and provincial), Public archives (federal and provincial),
parliamentary libraryparliamentary library Unpublished personal papersUnpublished personal papers Letters, diaries in CPR archivesLetters, diaries in CPR archives
Used Secondary sources to Used Secondary sources to supportsupport Articles from newspapers, magazines Articles from newspapers, magazines
and periodicalsand periodicals BooksBooks
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Data Collection
Used contacts and assistanceUsed contacts and assistance Support systemSupport system Various sources and connectionsVarious sources and connections
ObstaclesObstacles CPR refused Burton access to all files, CPR refused Burton access to all files,
said it wasn’t in the “public interest”said it wasn’t in the “public interest”
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Historical InquiryED 6902
Assessment of study
StrengthsStrengths Exhaustive primary source materialsExhaustive primary source materials Wide-spread audienceWide-spread audience Strong historical significanceStrong historical significance
WeaknessesWeaknesses Entertaining narrative form may detract Entertaining narrative form may detract
from legitimacyfrom legitimacy
Historical InquiryED 6902
Assessment of study
Ethical IssuesEthical Issues Commercial nature of the published Commercial nature of the published
form, later formed partial basis for CBC form, later formed partial basis for CBC filmfilm
Contribution to the FieldContribution to the Field Made Canadian history “popular”Made Canadian history “popular” Exhaustive narrative of a critical Exhaustive narrative of a critical
component to growth of Canadacomponent to growth of Canada
Historical InquiryED 6902
Historical Inquiry
SummarySummaryConstructivistConstructivistHistorical Thinking - BenchmarksHistorical Thinking - Benchmarks
Primary Sources & Other EvidencePrimary Sources & Other Evidence
SCIM - Interpreting HistorySCIM - Interpreting HistoryCollaboration - Constructing a StoryCollaboration - Constructing a StoryChallenge of authenticity and provenance of Challenge of authenticity and provenance of
understandingsunderstandings
Historical InquiryED 6902
Acknowledgements
Dr. Ted Christou, Faculty of EducationDr. Ted Christou, Faculty of Education
Dr. Evie Plaice, Faculties of Education & Dr. Evie Plaice, Faculties of Education & AnthropologyAnthropology
Heidi Ryder, History Teacher, James M. Hill High Heidi Ryder, History Teacher, James M. Hill High School, MiramichiSchool, Miramichi
Historical InquiryED 6902