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Highlands Cacti Native Southwest Cacti &
Other Succulents For Elevations
5,000 Feet and Above
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Contrary to popular belief…
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Many species of cacti and other succulents are quite cold hardy.
• Though cacti are often thought of as low desert plants, many species occur naturally in areas of higher elevations receiving 20 or more inches of annual precipitation.
• Some cold hardy succulents can tolerate temperatures down to forty below F.
• The available literature on cold hardy cacti is extensive and growing (check Internet).
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Fishhook Pincushion(Mammillaria grahamii)
A more conservative gardener
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USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
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USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map
• Last updated 1990• Being revised – more sophisticated
version• Old map based on only 13 years data;
new map will draw on 30 years.• Overall trend predicted is that zones will
shift northward.
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• “The historical record provides plenty of examples of extreme events … What matters is that there is a statistical record of these events occurring with increasing frequency and/or intensity over time, that this trend is consistent with expectations from global warming, and that our understanding of climate physics indicates that this trend should continue into the future as the world continues to warm.”
• Extreme Weather and Climate Change, June 2011, Pew Center on Global Climate Change
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Brown-spined Prickly Pear(Opuntia phaecantha)
• Widespread through-out much of SW andMexico
• Hardy to -20 F• Often forms
sprawling clumps
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Engelmann’s Prickly Pear(Opuntia engelmannii)
• Widespread through-out much of Southwestand Mexico
• Hardy to -20 F• Generally more
upright than Opuntiaphaecantha and mayhybridize with thisspecies
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Plains Prickly Pear(Opuntia polyacantha)
• Native to much ofwestern U.S. andsouthern Canada
• Hardy to -30 F• Available in many
hybrid colors
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Grizzly Bear Cactus(Opuntia polyacantha
var. erinacea)
• Native to Arizona,Nevada, Utah, NM, and southern California
• Hardy to -20 F
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Beavertail Prickly Pear(Opuntia basilaris)
• Native to Arizona, Utah, Nevada andCalifornia
• Hardy to -20 F• Do not over water.
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Cane Cholla(Cylindropuntia spinosior)
• Native to Arizona,New Mexico andMexico
• Hardy to -10 F
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Claret Cup Hedgehog Cactus(Echinocereus trichlodiatus)
• Native throughoutsouthwestern U.S.into Mexico
• Hardy to -30 F
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Texas Barrel Cactus(Ferocactus hamatacanthus)
• Native to southwest Texas
• Hardy to 0 F • One of smaller
barrels, usually no more than 12” tall though occasionally larger
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Mountain CactusPediocactus simpsonii
• Native throughoutmuch of western U.S.
• Hardy to -30 F• A sub-alpine species
(grows up to 9,500 ft.)that does best ataltitudes of 5,000 ft.and higher
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Glory of Texas(Thelocactus bicolor)
• Native to Texas and Mexico
• Hardy to 10 F• Long blooming
period
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Beehive Cactus(Escobaria vivipara)
• Native throughout much of U.S. andCanada
• Hardy to -10 F• Blooms last
several days
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Sea Urchin Cactus(Coryphantha echinus)
• Native to west Texas & Mexico
• Hardy to 0 F• Needs to be kept
dry in winter
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Parry Agave(Agave parryi)
• Native to Arizona, NewMexico and Mexico
• Hardy to -20 F• One of the most
common ornamentalagaves
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Utah Agave(Agave utahensis)
• Native to Arizona,California, Utahand Nevada
• Hardy to -20 F• Most northern
agave indistribution
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Harvard Agave(Agave harvardiana)
• Native to westTexas, SE NM,and Mexico
• Hardy to 0 For below
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Spanish Dagger (Yucca aloifolia)
• Native to coast fromLouisiana north toVirginia as well as inCaribbean
• Hardy to 0 F• One of oldest yuccas
in culivation, with manyvarieties
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Joshua Tree(Yucca brevifolia)
• Native to Arizona,California, Nevadaand Utah
• Hardy to at least0 F (plantings inDenver suggesteven lower)
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Giant Dagger Yucca(Yucca faxoniana)
• Native to west Texas & northeastern Mexico
• Hardy to 0 F• Can reach 20-30’tall
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Mountain Yucca(Yucca schottii)
• Native to foothillsand mountains ofArizona, New Mexico and Mexico
• Hardy to -10 F• Tolerates more
dampness andshade than otheryuccas
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Mohave Yucca(Yucca schidigera)
• Native to Arizona, California and Nevada
• Hardy to 0 F• A tree yucca that can
reach 16.5’ tall
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Red Yucca(Hesperaloe parviflora)
• Native to west Texas andnortheastern Mexico
• Hardy to -10 F• Widely used in public
plantings
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Cold hardy cactus garden in Kaysville, UT (near Wasatch Mts.)
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Maintenance
• Good drainage essential: test, provide mounds, and amend soil if necessary.
• Remove infected pads, packrat nests & other debris.
• Prune cacti as necessary for same reasons you prune trees & shrubs.
• Water judiciously but adequately & only during growing season.
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A Partial List of CactaceaeSuccessfully Cultivated (so far)
Coryphantha echinusCoryphantha ramillosaCylindropuntia acanthocarpa*Cylindropuntia echinocarpaCylindropuntia imbricataCylindropuntia kleiniaeCyndropuntia leptocaulisCylindropuntia spinosiorCylindropuntia versicolor*Cylindropuntia whippleiEchinocactus texensisEchinocereus coccineusEchinocereus engelmannii
Echinocereus fasciculatusEchinocereus reichenbachiiEchinocereus triglochidiatusEchinocereus viridiflorusEscobaria minimaEscobaria missouriensisEscobaria sneediiEscobaria viviparaFerocactus cylindraceusFerocactus hamatacanthusOpuntia (10 species & var.)Pediocactus simpsoniiThelocactus (2 species)
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List of Agavaceae successfully cultivated (so far)
Agave chrysanthaAgave havardianaAgave lechuguillaAgave lophanthaAgave neomexicanaAgave palmeriAgave parryiAgave schottiiAgave toumeyanaAgave utahensisAgave victoriae-reginaeHesperaloe parvifloraHesperaloe funifera
Yucca aloifoliaYucca baccataYucca brevifoliaYucca faxonianaYucca filamentosaYucca glaucaYucca pallidaYucca recurvifoliaYucca rostrataYucca rupicolaYucca schidigeraYucca schottiiYucca torreyii
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