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High-quality geometry module data forpipeline strain analyses
ROSEN Technology & Research Center GermanyHendrik AueNovember 2007
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Bending Strain
Strain
Distance
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Introduction
Bending Strain
Bending Strain
Bending the Pipeline can lead to Strain
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Bending the Pipeline
R = ?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Bending the Pipeline
Bends are a Change in the Curvature κ of a Pipeline
Curvature equivalent Radius in [m]:
Not-bended Pipeline (straight): Radius is infinite
Bended Pipeline: Radius of 1000 m (e.g.)
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Curvature and Bending Strain
Bends are a Change in the Curvature κ of a Pipeline
Strain is equivalent to the Curvature:
The Bending Strain Radius is: = R[m]/D
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
1000
m C
urva
ture
Rad
ius
56" Diameter: 700D → 0.07%
10" Diameter: 3600D → 0.01%
16" Diameter: 2400D → 0.02%
24" Diameter: 1600D → 0.025%
36" Diameter: 1100D → 0.045%
Curvature and Bending Strain
Bending Strain Radius Percent
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Summary
Bends are a Change in the Curvature κ of a Pipeline
Bending Strain is Curvature related to the Pipe Diameter
e.g. constant Curvature, with differing strain results for different Pipeline Diameters
e.g. the greater the Pipeline Diameter, the more force is needed to bend it
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
How to Measure Bending Strain?
R[D] = ?R[m] = ?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Strain Gauges:
• Sensor in direct contact with the pipeline• Local Strain Measurement
Direct Strain Measurement
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Direct Strain Measurement
Strain Gauges:
• Rather not applicable?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Direct Curvature Measurement
GPS / Geodetic Measurements:
• GPS Points on top of the pipeline• Local Curvature Measurement
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Direct Curvature Measurement
GPS / Geodetic Measurements:
• Soil of the Pipeline must be removed• Rather not applicable?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Pipeline Inspection
X
Y
Z
Gyroscopes[rad/sec]
Z
Y
X
Accelerometer[m/sec2]
In-line Inspection with an XYZ System:
• Gyroscopes and Accelerometers for Navigation• XYZ Co-ordinates of the Pipeline Trajectory
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Pipeline Inspection
In-line Inspection with an XYZ System:
• XYZ System on board of a caliper tool• High frequent XYZ Co-ordinates of the Pipeline Trajectory• Known Curvature of the Pipeline
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
4-Point Bending
Bending of the Pipe at 4 Points:
• Pipeline fix at 2 Points• Induced Bending Strain at 2 Points
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
4-Point Bending
Bending of the Pipe at 4 Points:
• Pipeline fix at 2 Points• Induced Bending Strain at 2 Points
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
4-Point Bending
Bending of the Pipe at 4 Points:
• Successively induced Bending Strain• Different Series of Bending Strain
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
„Shop“ Bends
Combination of Shop Bends:
• Subsequent 5D-25D-5D Bends• Simulation of “plastic deformation”
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Bending Strain Performance
Performance in order to answer:
• Detection Capabilities• Repeatability• Distinction, Accuracy
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Typical Bending Strain Radii:
• Subsequent Bend Appearance: “3 Circles”
Detection of Bending Strain
R2 = ?
R1 = ?
R3 = ?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Detection of Bending Strain
R2 = ?
R1 = ?
R3 = ?
Typical Bending Strain Radii:
• Strain Radius at beginning of Displacement
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Typical Bending Strain Radii:
• Strain Radius at the maximum of Displacement
R1 = ?
R3 = ?
Detection of Bending Strain
R2 = ?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Typical Bending Strain Radii:
• Strain Radius at the End of Displacement
R2 = ?
R1 = ?
Detection of Bending Strain
R3 = ?
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Detection of Bending Strain
R1 R2 R3
R1 = Begin of Displacement
R2 = Maximum of Displacement
R3 = End of Displacement
Bending Strain [%]:
• Strain Values in 4-Point Bending Area
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Repeatability
Subsequently induced Bending Strain:
• Bending Strain Series inspected several times• High Repeatability of Bending Strain levels
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Distinction, Accuracy
Accuracy of Bending Strain:
• Comparison of several Bending Strain Results• Accuracy reaches 0.002% or +/-5 mm displacement
over 20 m of 16" Pipeline
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Bending Strain and Displacement Accuracy:
• Accuracy in Bending Strain equivalent to Displacement
Distinction, Accuracy
R = 2500D ~ 0.02%
0.11 m+/-5 mm
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Distinction, Accuracy
R = 1600D ~ 0.03%
0.17 m
Bending Strain and Displacement over 30 m Distance:
• The larger the bend radius the smaller the displacement
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Bending Strain and Displacement over 30 m Distance:
• Smaller Bending Strain Radius with more displacement
Distinction, Accuracy
R = 1000D ~ 0.05%
0.28 m
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Mechatronic Sensor
Radius Measurement
=δ Touchless Proximity
Sensor+
β Electronic Angle Sensor
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Single Geometry Inspection
Two plane system:100% coverage
ROSEN Extended Geometry Tool (RoGeo·Xt)
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Multi Purpose Tools
Mechatronic Sensor MFL-tool with XYZ mapping
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Contents
1. Introduction2. Measurement Methods3. Test Environment4. Performance5. Inspection Extensions6. Conclusions
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Conclusions
• Strain Detection confident from 0.01% and higher• Repeatability of all induced Strain levels with 90%• Accuracy of 0.002% / 5 mm displacement over 20 m of
16" Pipeline• Combined Inspection Tools for Strain and
MFL Inspection
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Bending Strain | Hendrik Aue | Nov 2007Copyright © ROSEN Group 2007
Copy prepared for PPSA Meeting November 2007
Conclusions
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Thank you for joining this presentation.