Download - High Performance Building Design Workshop
Master Class:High-Performance
Building Design
Jerry Yudelson, PE, LEED FellowYudelson Associates
Green buildings are important for controlling CO2 emissions
Take-Aways
High-performance buildings are feasible today
No new technologies; just new Integrated Design Process
Energy use metrics well established at 100-150 kWh/sqm/year
IEA Global Warming Study
IEA estimates that meeting a ≤2°C target would require $5 trillion in global energy investments between now and 2020. Source: IEA, “Tracking Clean Energy Progress.”
Agenda• LEED Platinum Case Studies
– High-Performance Buildings• Designing for High-Performance
– Integrated Design Process• Exercise• Case Study: NREL Research Support Facility, USA• Discussion
Manitoba Hydro PlaceLEED Platinum
Winnipeg, Canada
Manitoba Hydro PlaceLEED Platinum
2000 Tower OaksRockville, MD
2000 Tower Oaks
Yale University
Kroon Hall
Kroon Hall
Newark, CA
Ohlone College
Ohlone CollegeCenter For Health Sciences &
Technology
Rooftop PV System
Visible Enthalpy Wheel
Portland, OR
Twelve WestDouble LEED Platinum
Twelve West
Annual Energy Use —Americas
Annual Energy Use —Europe
Annual Energy Use — Asia Pacific
• First-cost concerns• Demonstrate financial cost-
effectiveness– ROI– Increase in building value– Risk mitigation– Intangibles
• Concern over actual building performance– Projects need continuous
commissioning– Renewables have to work as
planned– Behavioral issues & plug loads
must be managed
ISSUES?
• Widespread low-energy design know-how– Cost premium for good design
getting smaller• More stringent energy codes (US,
EU, AUS)– Reduces first-cost premium for
net-zero– Better products at conventional
costs• Solar power cost
reductions/efficiency gains• Increases in conventional energy
costs– Shorter payback for savings
• Carbon reduction goals by increased perceived/actual value of green or
net-zero buildings
TRENDS?
High Performance Design Approach
• Site selection & orientation• Passive solar design• Building envelope design &
construction• Integration of low-energy building
systems• Controlling lighting/plug loads• Occupant engagement • Renewable energy systems
High Performance Buildings
PHASE I: Pre-designStep #1— Organize for zero carbon emissions: Develop plan for learning and approachesStep #2—Accept design conditions: Define environmental, occupant comfort and project financial goals before beginning design. PHASE II: Design and constructionStep #3—Resolve the macro-scale: Develop site and architectural strategies that reduce energy needs and optimize energy generation.Step #4—Develop integrated solutions: Define whole building systems to “tunnel through cost barriers.”PHASE III: StewardshipStep #5—Maintain zero: Provide a plan to operate building with Net-zero emissions.
Net Zero Building, Singapore
Three Phases & Five StepsTo Net-Zero Emissions Building
(HOK and The Weidt Group, www.netzerocourt.com, 2010)
• Reduce loads– Orientation & massing– Envelope & daylighting
• Take advantage of climate
• Choose efficient & integrated systems
• Reduce “safety factors” in engineering design
– “belt and suspenders” approach outmoded
• Use modeling effectively• Renewables: a last
resort!
Key Elements Of Integrated Design
• Reduce loads (>50% of total load)
– Lighting– Plug loads– Process loads– Elevators/
escalators• Integrate systems
– Garage ventilation vs. smoke exhaust
– BIPV as sunshades
Key Elements Of Integrated Design
– Take advantage of climate• Eastgate Centre, Harare
– Free energy• Sun, wind, water, vegetation,
topography, fog, etc.
• Daylighting & natural ventilation/economizer cycle
• Ground-coupled heat pumps/geo-exchange
• Night-flush ventilation
– Adaptive thermal comfort• Radiant vs. Convective
Key Elements Of Integrated Design
Integrated Design Process
• Total cost same• Engineering costs
lower• Invest more in
Architecture• Active to passive
systems• Fragile to resilient• Longer life• Less cost over life-cycle• Simpler design
Cost Transfer
• Collaboration• Team-building/
trust• Goal-setting• Blue-sky ideas• Better design
decisions• Improved overall
decision-making
• Develop synergies
• Systems integration
• Clearer direction• Reduced design
time• Transparency of
design decisions• Higher-
performance
WHY IDP?
• Commit to process• Change
procurement methods
• Broaden the team• Set specific
performance goals• Expect greater time in early design• Early-stage
modeling
• Eco-charrette(s)• Team-building
activity• Collaborative team
meetings• Contractor(s) on
board early• Stay within budget
& construction capabilities
• Iterative design vs. goals
HOW IDP?
WHEN?
• Identify potential partners/collaborations
• Set clear goals and metrics• Establish “must have’s” in design• Don’t re-design at DD/CD phase• Reduce/eliminate “value engineering”• Provide a basis for evaluating design
strategies• Initiate a multidisciplinary design
approach• Induce creativity from team members
STARTING EARLY
• Ask the right question at the right time!– Do we need this building at all? – How big does it need to be? Now? In 10 years?– Can we design it for alternative uses in the future?– How does carpet & desk color influence lighting
design?– What “free energy” can we take advantage of?– How much money is available outside the building
budget?– What do the future occupants value most?– What controls can future operators manage?– How will we know if we’re successful?
STARTING EARLY
• Pre-design:
climate analysis/infrastructure issues
• Design charrette (goal setting, site design)
• Schematic design (shape, massing, daylighting, envelope, HVAC options, base case for energy)
• Design development (systems optimization, Green Star progress vs. goals)
• Construction documents (value engineering, final energy model, document for Green Star)
• Commissioning/M&V (calibrate model, troubleshoot)
USE MODELING
EFFECTIVELY
Setting Project Goals
• Collaborative team meetings
• Problem-solving workshops
• Specific goals/targets• Tracking tools• Clear communication
channels• Team-building activities
• Evaluation & feedback tools & processes
• Expert facilitation• Modeling tools• Green Star/LEED checklist• Establish Owner’s Project
Requirements (OPR)• Basis of design document
(BOD)
IDP TOOLKIT
• Clarity in overall project goals & measurements
• Clear sustainability goals of owner and project team
• Buy-in from all stakeholders• Assess entire building life-cycle
– vs. just construction costs
• Identify roles and responsibilities early on• Introduce Green Star/LEED & set certification goals
IDP OUTCOMES
• Develop design issues and possible solutions for a building in Cape Town, using integrated design and high-performance goals– Office– Secondary School– University Classroom– Retail store of 50,000 sq.ft.
Exercise
Case Study: NREL — Golden, CO, USA
Phase I: 20,446 sq.m.; Phase II: 12,825 sq.m. (occupied 18 months later)
US Department of EnergyNational Renewable Energy LabResearch Support Facility
(RSF)
• Design/Build• 3 finalists from RFQ process• Design to 10% level to confirm cost
• $63 million fixed budget• Government projects• Outside “process” consultant• “Fixed-price, variable-scope” approach
Project Procurement
1. Mission Critical (3)• Safety
• LEED Platinum
• Energy Star (US)
Project Objectives
2. Highly Desirable (15)• 800 staff capacity• 25,000 BTU/sq.ft./year• Architectural integrity• Support future staff needs• Meet ASHRAE 90.1-2007• Support culture and amenities• Expandable building• Ergonomics
• Flexible workspace• Support future technologies• “How to” manual for occupants• “Real-time PR” campaign • Secure collaboration with outsiders• Building information modeling• Substantial completion by 2010 (24 months)
Project Objectives
3. If Possible (8)• Net-zero design approach• Most energy-efficient building in the world• LEED Platinum “Plus”• ASHRAE 90.1-2007 + 50%• Visual displays of current energy efficiency• Support public tours• National and global recognition and awards• Support reduced personnel turnover
Project Objectives
High-Performance Design Process
NREL Integrated Design Process
Multiday Eco-Charrette• Kick off competition phase of the project • Include all disciplines in design-build
team• Set low-energy goal • Determine ZONE and LEED Platinum/6-
Star Green Star best practices and strategies
• Develop section first• Explore relationship of site, program,
plan, roof and section for low-energy strategies
• Begin building simulations early in process.
Low-Energy Strategies
PV System
Natural Ventilation
Thermal Mass
UFAD
Labyrinth
Transpired Collectors
Radiant Cooling
Radiant Heating
Workplace
Daylighting
60’
The Section
Orientation & Massing
East + West Orientations
• Shading Studies• Energy Demand• Natural Ventilation• Wall Sections• Window / Wall Ratios• Roof / Floor Ratios• PV Energy Supply
Pre-Design Analysis
NREL RSF ENERGY CONSUMPTION
TASK LIGHTS1%
LIGHTS11%
EXT USAGE0%
DOMEST HOT WATER
0%VENT FANS
7%
PUMPS & AUX1%
SPACE COOLING8%
SPACE HEATING15%
MISC24%
SERVER ELEC32%
SERVER COOL0%
SERVER RM FAN1%
LIGHTS
TASK LIGHTS
SERVER ELEC
SERVER COOL
SERVER RM FAN
MISC
SPACE HEATING
SPACE COOLING
PUMPS & AUX
VENT FANS
DOMEST HOT WATER
EXT USAGE
• Energy Demand• Transpired Collectors• Thermal Labyrinth• Double-Skin Design• Data Center Heat Recovery• Data Center Cooling• Natural Ventilation• DaylightingDesign
Simulations
LEED Platinum
ZONE- Renewable Energy
RSF ROOF787 KW
3544 MBTU/YR
RSF PARKING540 KW
2432 MBTU/YR
Meets Site Energy, Source Energy, Energy Emissions and Energy Cost definitions of ZONE with only the roof and parking PV systems.
Zero
Beauty in the Numbers
Green buildings are important for controlling CO2 emissions
Take-Aways
High-performance buildings are feasible today
No new technologies; just new Integrated Design Process
Energy use metrics well established at 100-150 kWh/sqm/year
High-Performance. . . Just Do It!
Discussion