© 2012 IBM Corporation
High Availability Considerations IBM i
IBM Power Systems
Erik RexCert Consultant SpecialistIBM Danmark [email protected]
© 2012 IBM Corporation2
Downtime
Source: IBM HA Presentation, Eric Hess, April 2001
Causes Of Downtime Solution Required
�
�
* ‘HA’ generally refers to solutions that provide BOTH recovery and availability. Not all technologies provide a solution for BOTH…iTera 5.0 HA does
Downtime refers to a period of time or a percentage of a time span that a machine or system (usually a computer server) is offline or not functioning, usually as a result of either system failure (such as a crash or routine maintenance.
Reliability is not the same as Availability!
DisasterRecovery
High
Availability
(ContinuousOperations)
© 2012 IBM Corporation3
Business Continuity is:
� Capability of a business to withstand outages and operate mission critical services normally and without interruption per a pre-defined Service Level Agreement– Solution must address data, operational environment, applications,
the application hosting environment, and the end user interface
– Requires a collection of services, software, hardware, and procedures to be selected, described in a documented plan, implemented, andpracticed regularly
� Includes both Disaster Recovery (DR) and High Availability (HA)– DR addresses the set of resources, plans, services and procedures to
recover and resume mission critical applications at a remote site in the event of a disaster
– HA defined as the ability to withstand all outages (planned, unplanned, and disasters) and to provide continuous processing for all mission critical applications
© 2012 IBM Corporation4
What is a Service Level Agreement (SLA)?
� General:
– Contractual service commitment.
– A document that describes the minimum performance criteria a provider promises to meet while delivering a service.
– Typically also sets out the remedial action and any penalties that will take
effect if performance falls below the promised standard.
� Relative to Availability:
– Commitment to the business describing the level of availability for IT services
that support critical business solutions.
– Addresses when IT services are expected to be fully operational, when they
may be running degraded, and when they won’t be available
– Driven primarily be importance of IT services in providing business solutions, cost factors, and realism.
� Many factors involved
© 2012 IBM Corporation5
Application Resilience
Fully transparent• Full resilience with automatic restart & transparent failover• Users repositioned to last committed transaction• No data loss, no sign-on required, no perceived loss of server;
only delay in response
Semi-transparent:• Automatic application restart & recovery to last transaction boundary• The resilient data & the application restart point match exactly
Semi-automatic: • Automatic application restart & recovery to some architected
application “restart” point• Normally consistent with state of data, but user may have to
manually match application to position of data
Basic application failover:• Automatic application restart after outage• User manually repositions within application
No application recovery:• Users manually restart application with resilient data• User determines where to resume work
Single
Server
Dataresiliency
Start over.
Where's all my work?
Checkpoint restart.
Not too bad .
Huh?
Did
something happen?
HA enabled applicationsand iSeries
Clusters
iSeriesClusters
Combine with Data Resilience for complete solution
© 2012 IBM Corporation6
The FundamentalsRecovery or Continuity ?
Data Replication alone is not sufficient for HA
Clustering, Automation and application resiliency completes the equation
Data Protection - Raid 5 & Mirroring
Transaction Integrity - Journaling
Data Resiliency – IASPs, Replication
Application Resiliency
Clustering
© 2012 IBM Corporation7
Clustering for HA/DR
� Clustering is the default deployment for HA/DR in the mainframe and Unix
marketplace
� With PowerHA SystemMirror, clustering is
available to our IBM i customers
� Provides for automated failover – minimal
IT operations involvement
� Planned and unplanned outage
management
© 2012 IBM Corporation8
DataResiliency
Replication
and Switched
IASPs
Cluster Resource ServicesBase IBM i cluster functions from IBM
APIs
Cluster Management
iSeries Navigator or partner products
ApplicationResiliency
High
availability cluster
enabledapplications
Clustering
� A property of the Operating System
� Provides the logical connections between resilient data groups
� Can enable the automation of physical and logical switching
� Can enable a resilient application to be “switched”, activated and repositioned to a defined state
� Enables the automatic sequencing of events that bring the user, application and data to a coherent production state automatically
� Application design is the primary limiting factor
� Heart beating
� IP Address Takeover
� Reliable internal cluster communications
� Switchover administration
� Distributed activities
© 2012 IBM Corporation9
Data Resilience Technologies
� Logical Replication
– Business partner software product•Vision Solution, Quick EDD, iCluster
� Switchable Device
– Switchable IASPs
� Operating System Storage Management based Replication
– PowerHA System Mirror Cross-Site Mirroring (XSM) with Geographic Mirroring
� SAN Storage Server based Replication
– SAN Metro/Global Mirror used with PowerHA IBM I Advanced Copy Service toolkit
© 2012 IBM Corporation10
Logical Replication
� Second copy of data is generated logically identical to first
� Replication done on object basis (file, member, data area, program, etc.) near real-time
� Normally done via a business partner software
product
Backup
(target system)
Tape
© 2012 IBM Corporation11
Logical Replication
� Widely deployed data resiliency topology for Power IBM i
– Typically deployed via an HA Business Partner solution package
– Replication done on object basis (file, data area, program, etc.) near real-time
• Done at the lowest unit of change for the object, e.g. record level for database files
• Otherwise, done on entire object when change detected by replication software
• Solution Packages can use IBM i Remote Journaling as efficient, reliable transport mechanism.
� Benefits:
– Rapid activation of production environment on backup server via role-swap operation
– Replicated data can be concurrently accessed for backups or other read-only apps
– Minimal recovery is needed when switching over to the backup copy
� Considerations:
– Complexity of setup and maintenance
– Modification of ‘live’ copies of objects on backup server
– Lag time between changes on source being available on backup server
– Consistency between journaled and non-journaled objects
Backup
(target system)
Tape
© 2012 IBM Corporation12
Switchable IASPs
� Independent Auxiliary Storage Pools (IASPs)
– IBM i Option 41 - High Availability Switchable Resources
– Switch disks from one system to another
� Benefits:
– Simplicity
– Data is always current (no copy to synchronize)
– No in-flight data to lose
– Minimal performance overhead
– Supports integrated environments (Windows, Linux) as well as IBM i
� Considerations:
– Setup DASD configuration, data, and application structure
– Single copy of data (mirroring recommended to protect data, reduce SPOFs)
– No concurrent access from both hosts
– HW restrictions (distance, conc maint)
© 2012 IBM Corporation13
Admin domain
Switchable DevicesPowerHA Basic Concepts (for IBM i clients)
� The underlying data resiliency is not based on replication it is based on a pool of disk which is shared and switchable between nodes in the cluster
� PowerHA SystemMirror enables the cluster nodes to behave as resource for the applications in the event of an outage
� Admin Domain takes care of the sysbas data
Application data
(IASP)aka (volume group)
© 2012 IBM Corporation14
©
DS8000
*SYSBAS
(DR)
(IASP)
*SYBAS
(Backup I)
IASP
FlashBackup
F
l
a
s
h
C
o
p
y
POWER7IBM i
POWER7IBM i
Data Centre
PowerHA Standard Edition Switchable LUNs
Ses
Primary Ses
Secondary
FlashBackup
Non disruptivebackups
© 2012 IBM Corporation15
� Deep Integration
– Cluster Aware IBM i
– SLIC based event processing
– Centralize cluster topology management
� Ease of deployment & ease of use
– System Director Navigator management
– Discovery based deployment
– Cluster wide security
� Multi-Site & Disaster Recovery
– Differentiate with IBM storage
– Integrated IBM copy services
� Solution Package Optimization
– Standard Edition, Enterprise Editions
PowerHA SystemMirror Strategy
© 2012 IBM Corporation16
PowerHA SystemMirror(Cross-Site Mirroring) (XSM) with Geographic Mirroring
� Second copy of data in an IASP is generated logically identical to first
� Changes to production IASP replicated to second copy of IASP thru another system
� Operating system storage management based replication solution
Mirror Copy
Production Data
Primary
(source system)
Backup
(target system)
Backup
© 2012 IBM Corporation17
PowerHACross-Site Mirroring (XSM) with Geographic Mirroring
� Mirroring of IASP data via IBM i storage management to a second server
– XSM Included in Option 41 of OS
– Enables switching or automatic failover to mirrored copy of IASP
� Benefits:
– Same as switched device
– Two copies of IASP data
– Can be local or remote (Sync or Async)
– Ease of deployment and operation
– Supports integrated environments (Windows, Linux)as well as IBM i Client partitions
– Heartbeat monitoring with automate failover or manual switchover
� Considerations:
– Performance impacts of synchronous operation, distance, bandwidth, latency
– Mirror copy cannot be concurrently access
– Lengthy full data re-synchronization
Mirror Copy
Production Data
Primary
(source system)
Backup
(target system)
Backup
© 2012 IBM Corporation18
Admin domain
PowerHA Basic Concepts
� Internal disk is not switchable (LUNs required), you use geomirror with internal disk configurations
Geomirror
© 2012 IBM Corporation19
PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror with IBM i Advanced Copy Services toolkit
� Replication of iASP data at storage controller level to Backup SAN using Metro or Global Mirror
– Metro or Global Mirror generates a second copy of the IASP on another Storage server
– Toolkit part of Power IBM i Advanced Copy Services for IBM i offering
– Combines Metro/Global Mirror, PowerHA, IASP, and IBM i cluster services
– Coordinated switchover/failover
� Benefits:
– Remote copy and coordinated switching without an IPL
– Can combine with FlashCopy for backup window reduction
� Considerations:
– Performance impacts of synchronous mode: distance, bandwidth, latency
– Mirror copy cannot be concurrently accessed
– Asynchronous mode requires IBM SAN Global Mirror
– Requires tools and services to deploy
iSeries Cluster and Device
Domain
© 2012 IBM Corporation20
Admin domain
©
Metro Mirror
ProductionDS8000SVC*Storewize V7000*
Local Site
HA
DR Site
*SYSBAS(Prod)
IASP(Switchable)
DS8000SVCStorewize V7000
*SYSBAS(DR)
IASP
*SYBAS(Backup I)
IASP
DR
Flash
Backup
F
l
a
s
h
C
o
p
y
POWER7IBM i
POWER7IBM i
POWER7IBM i
Global Mirror
PowerHA Enterprise Edition Two Node Cluster
* Initially available English only via prpq 5799 HAS
HA
DR
© 2012 IBM Corporation21
Admin domain
©
MetroMirror
Production
DS8000
SVC*Storewize V7000*
LUN
Group
(active)
HA
DR Site
*SYSBAS(Prod)
IASP(Switchable)
*SYSBAS(DR)
IASP
*SYBAS(Backup I)
IASP
DR
Flash
Backup
F
l
a
s
h
C
o
p
y
POWER7IBM i
POWER7IBM i
POWER7IBM i
*SYBAS(Backup I)
Global Mirror
Local Site DR Site
PowerHA Enterprise Edition Three Node Cluster
DS8000
SVC*Storewize V7000*
© 2012 IBM Corporation22
Redundant VIOS I/O Virtualization
� Redundant VIOS partitions provide
two paths to attached SAN storage
– AIX, i, and Linux partitions
– One set of disk
– Client partitions use MPIO
Power Hypervisor
VIOS
Note: Redundant VIOS partitions are not supported on BladeCenter JS12, JS22, JS23, and JS43
VIOS
Power Hypervisor
VIOS VIOS
� Redundant VIOS partitions provide access to mirrored SAN
storage
– AIX, i, and Linux partitions
– Mirrored set of disk
– Mirroring done by client
partitions (e.g., IBM i)
© 2012 IBM Corporation23
PowerVM can Help Manage Risk
� Business and IT security and resiliency are as critical as ever, and must be dynamic and intelligent in order to match the speed of business change
� PowerVM Live Partition Mobility
– Move running IBM I, AIX and Linux partitions between systems
– Using VIOS
√ Eliminate planned outages and balance workloads across systems
Virtualized SAN and Network InfrastructureVirtualized SAN and Network Infrastructure
© 2012 IBM Corporation24
IBM i Capacity Back Up (CBU) Licensing Example
Active standby CBU Cores
IBM i, 5250, PowerHA
Partition #1Unused
Partition #2
Partition #3
Production CBU
Active standby CBU Cores
Planning� CBU allows PowerHA licenses
entitlement fail-over from the registered production server
– Minimum 1 entitlement required on the CBU box
– CBU server allows the temporary transfer of entitlements from primary server for non concurrent usage on the CBU server
– Round-up when using partial processors
– 3.5 processors = 4 entitlements
Example� No HA/DR required for Partition 1
– No PowerHA licenses� HA required for Partition 2 and 3
– All processors in the production server partitions 2 and 3 are licensed for PowerHA
– One key, 8 entitlements – The license key will be a permanent
key installed on partition 2 and 3� A single processor is licensed on the
CBU server– One key, one entitlement– The license key will be a temporary
key for 8 cores good for two years installed on partitions 2 and 3
© 2012 IBM Corporation25
Key Solutions Comparison Characteristics
1. Primary use
2. Characteristic of Replication Mechanism
3. Recovery Time
4. Recovery Point
5. Ordering of changes
6. Concurrent access
7. Geographic dispersion
8. Number of Backup systems
9. Number of Data copies allowed
10.Cost Factors
11.End User
12.Outage coverage
13.Cluster controlled resource
14.Risks
Consider other decision factors
© 2012 IBM Corporation26
Start to determine possible matches of technologies to specific needs
1. Initial analysis to eliminate technologies that do not fit
2. After initial analysis, perform detailed analysis of complete requirement sets against
specific characteristics of each technology
n/a
PowerHA with
Copy Services
toolkit
n/an/aWorkload
Balancing
HA for unplanned
outage
n/aRecovery for
disaster outage
Planned
Maintenance
n/aBackup Window
Reduction
PowerHASwitched diskLogical
replication
Data Resilience Technologies
Applicability of Solution to Problem SetB
usi
nes
s C
onti
nuit
y
Req
uir
emen
t
© 2012 IBM Corporation27
Conclusions
� When to consider Logical Replication?
– Need two or more copies of the data
– Want some level of concurrent access to second data copy
– Need backup window reduction
– Already have solution deployed using logical object replication
– Need a solution that has no special hardware configuration requirements
– Transaction level integrity is important for all journaled objects
� When to consider Switchable IASPs ?
– Single copy of data meets requirements; addressed exposure to disk subsys failures
– Need a very simple, low cost, low maintenance solution
– No need for DR solution
– Source and target system will be at the same site
– Want consistent fail/switchover times within minutes independent of transaction volumes
– Need transaction level integrity for all objects; no loss of in-flight data
– Need highest throughput environment
– Need multiple, independent databases that can be moved between systems
© 2012 IBM Corporation28
Conclusions (2)
� When to consider PowerHA System Mirror (Cross-Site Mirroring) ?
– Want a system-generated second copy of the data (at an IASP level)
– Need two copies of data, but do not need concurrent access to second copy
– Want relatively low cost, low maintenance solution, but also need disaster
recovery
– Want consistent fail/switchover times within minutes independent of transaction
volumes
� When to consider PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror with IASP and Toolkit ?
– Want storage based solution for HA; especially if multiple platforms are involved
– Want consistent fail/switchover times within minutes independent of transaction volumes
– Need two copies of data, but do not need concurrent access to second copy
© 2012 IBM Corporation29
Conclusions (3)
� When to consider a combination solution?
– When no single solution meets all of your business continuity requirements
© 2012 IBM Corporation30
Power Systems
© 2012 IBM Corporation31
DataResiliency
Replication
and Switched
IASPs
Cluster Resource ServicesBase IBM i cluster functions from IBM
APIs
Cluster Management
iSeries Navigator or partner products
ApplicationResiliency
High
availability cluster
enabledapplications
Summary:
� Heart beating
� IP Address Takeover
� Reliable internal cluster communications
� Switchover administration
� Distributed activities
Data Replication alone is not sufficient for
HA
Clustering, Automation and application
resiliency completes the equation
� Clustering PLUS
� Data replication PLUS
� Cluster enabled replication
� EQUALS ’real’ HA
© 2012 IBM Corporation32
Transaction boundary with commitment control.
Last data written to IASP.
Objects not in IASP.
IASP vary on
SMAPP / Journal settings
No IPL required
Minutes
Sector level replication of
all pages written to disk.
Physical copy of an IASP based on disk I/O (cache based).
HA (including DR)
PowerHA Global/Metro Mirror w/ IASP
& iTC Toolkit
Transaction boundary with commitment control.
Last data written to IASP.
Objects not in IASP.
Transaction boundary with commitment
control.
Last data written to IASP.
Objects not in IASP.
Transaction boundary with commitment control. Mixed – audit and data journal. Data / objects sent to target will be recovered. Lose changes not xmitted (zero data loss with synch remote jrn).
Recovery Point
Considera-tions
IASP vary on
SMAPP / Journal settings
No IPL required
Minutes
IASP Vary on
SMAPP / Journal settings
No IPL required
Minutes
Apply lag + replication switchover overhead.
Journal settings
No IPL required
Minutes
Recovery Time
Considera-tions
Page level replication as controlled by operating system based on storage management writes.
Logical copy since physical DASD configs can differ.
No replication;
1 copy of data that is switchable between systems
Object based replication; changes at record or object level based on data & audit journal.
Logical copy of object level changes for selected objects.
Characteristic of replication mechanism
HA (including DR)HA (no DR)HA (including DR)Primary use
PowerHA w/ Geographic Mirroring
Switchable IASPsLogical Replication
© 2012 IBM Corporation33
2
1<=n<=2
(2 with cascading Metro Mirror)
Virtually unlimited
No concurrent access.
Copy current with
Flash Copy.
Consistency groups define lag time for Global Mirror.
Ordering at controller level. Preserved at LUN (disk) level for Metro Mirror.
Consistency groups for Global Mirror.
PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror w/ IASP
& iTC Toolkit
PowerHA w/ Geographic Mirroring
Switchable IASPsLogical Replication
1none127 (or BP max)# data
copies
1<= n <=3
(2 or 3 with switchable towers)
n=1
(with switchable towers)
1<= n <127
(or BP max)
# Back up
systems
Virtually unlimitedLimited (250 M)Virtually unlimitedGeo Dispersio
n
No concurrent access
.
No concurrent access since no copy of data
Typically read only, possibly shared data.
Always some lag time in data currency. Remote Journal helps.
Concurrent access
Ordering at system level. Ordering preserved across ASP group.
Ordering preservedBased on journal receiver content & HABP ability to synchronize changes from data & audit journals.
Ordering of
changes
© 2012 IBM Corporation34
Somewhat complex
Asynch via Global Mirror.
Disk protection provided by Ext. Storage.
Yes – of switchable devices
Planned, unplanned, disaster, save window
Metro/Global Mirror overhead. Can automatically restart application.
Ext DASD
57xx-HAS
Bandwidth.
Toolkit. Duplicate disks.
PowerHA Metro/Global Mirror w/ IASP
& iTC Toolkit
PowerHA w/ Geographic Mirroring Switchable IASPsLogical Replication
Asynch case: can lose copy on double failure if cannot quiesce & vary-off.
Resynch after detach may yield lengthy unprotected condition.
Disk subsystem is single point of failure, therefore no protection against catastrophic disk failure
Loss of in flight data.
Mismatch of data levels for various objects.
Monitoring logical object replication environment
Risks
YesYesYesCluster
control
Planned, unplanned, disaster, save window
Planned, unplannedPlanned, unplanned, disaster, save windowOutage
coverage
Geographic mirroring overhead. Can automatically restart application.
Can automatically restart application.
Replication overhead.
Can automatically restart application.
End User
Disruption
Any (flexible) DASD configuration.
57xx-HAS
Bandwidth. Duplicate disks.
Switchable tower (or IOP)
IBM i Option 41
Any DASD configuration. HABP software. Bandwidth. Duplicate disks.
Cost Factors
© 2012 IBM Corporation35© Copyright IBM Corporation 2011
PowerHA Webcast V1.0
� PowerHA Website
– www.ibm.com/systems/power/software/availability/
� PowerHA Options for IBM i - Introduction (incl. 7.1)
– http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS4021
� PowerHA and DS8000 Storage Integration on IBM i
– http://www-03.ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/PRS4361
� Lab Services
– http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/services/labservices
� Redbooks at www.redbooks.ibm.com
– PowerHA SystemMirror for IBM i Cook book - SG24-7994 (Jan 2012) – Implementing PowerHA for IBM i - SG24-7405-00 (Nov 2008)
– Clustering and IASPs for Higher Availability - SG24-5194-01
– Independent ASPs: A Guide to Moving Applications to IASPs - SG24-6802-00
– Independent ASP Performance Study on the IBM iSeries - REDP-3771-00
– Implementing SAP Applications on the IBM System i with IBM i5/OS - SG24-7166-00
� IBM System Storage Solutions for IBM i
– Course code: AS930, Duration: 4.0 days
– www-304.ibm.com/jct03001c/services/learning/ites.wss/us/en?pageType=course_description&courseCode=AS930
� Is your ISV solution registered as ready for PowerHA?
– http://www-304.ibm.com/isv/tech/validation/power/index.html
� High Availability Clusters (Power HA) and Independent Disk Pools for IBM i
– Course code: AS541,OS830 Duration: 4.0 days
– www-304.ibm.com/jct03001c/services/learning/ites.wss/us/en?pageType=course_description&courseCode=AS541
� Risk Self Assessment:
– www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/business_resilience_management/overview/index.html?re=2brf24
PowerHA for IBM i Resources
© 2012 IBM Corporation36
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Revised September 26, 2006
Special notices
© 2012 IBM Corporation37
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Special notices (cont.)