These projects have received funding from the European Union’s Horizon2020 Programme for research, technological
development and demonstration under Grant Agreement No. 724036 (UPGRADE) and No. 723976 (dieper)
“Diesel efficiency improvement with
Particulates and Emission Reduction”
Herwig Ofner – AVL – Project Coordinator
www.dieper-project.eu
Project data
2
dieperDiesel efficiency improvement with Particulates and Emission Reduction
EC CALLGV-02-2016 Technologies for low emission light duty powertrains
Consortium (16 partners, 8 countries): AVL (AT), Renault (FR), IFPEN (FR), UPVLC (ES), Johnson Matthey (UK), CONTINENTAL (FR), BOSCH (DE), CNR (IT), FMF (CH), IVECO (IT), Ricardo (UK), Ecole Centr.Nantes (FR), Siemens IND SOFTWARE (FR), ViF(AT), CRF (IT), Uniresearch (NL)
Contract Type of action Project budget EU Funding Project Start-End
723976 Research & Innovation action
€ 8.64 M € 7.21 M 1/10 2016 – 30/09 2019
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Subject and R&D objectives
3
SubjectDiesel engine and aftertreatment technologies for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles
R&D objectives- Improved fuel economy ≥ 5 % compared to MY 2015 engines- Pollutant emissions ≤ 50 % of EU 6d- Particle emissions PN ≤ 20% of EU6d with particles down to 10 nm in size
R&D demonstratorsObjectives will be demonstrated with vehicles and proven by independent testing: - Passenger Car: 2,0l Renault Espace- Light Commercial Vehicle: 3,0l Iveco Daily
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Research topics
4
Thermodynamic improvements including variable compression ratio, TRL 5
Reduction of heat losses in combustion chamber, insulation by ceramic coatings
Soot modelling & prediction for better real time soot estimation
Source analysis & advanced filtration of particles down to 10nm, TRL 7
Assessment: Deterioration of CO2 and pollutant emissions over vehicle life
Life cycle analysis of demonstrator vehicles
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
5
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
6
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP2; Diesel engine technology - VCR
7
(2) Bowl with two mixing zones;
optimized wit CFD
(1) Optimization of CRs with
0D model based tool
(3) Experimental investigation
on 1-cyl engine
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP2; Diesel engine technology - VCR
8
(4) Projection to cycles
Results:➔All combustions systems
achieve Eu6 emission targets
➔Target efficiency gain at part load not achieved due to stringent NOx/Soot characteristics
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
9
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP3; EAS / filter
10
initial 100s; 10-23nm
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
13
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP4; Passenger carEngine and system arrangement
14
Combustion concept for low PN and CO2
Renault M9 engine 2.0L with 120 kW / 360 Nm• Single stage TC• low Swirl – new bowl shape• 9-hole/2500bar (partner CONTINENTAL)• LP & HP-EGR systems
Thermal management by • high efficient compressor (cooled housing)• 2 step water CAC with bypass• Electric intake heater, actuated on demand• HP-EGR uncooled
Supported by • electrically heated DOC, actuated on demand
for exhaust temperature control
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP4; Demonstrator vehicle
15
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600time (s)
EA
S-T
em
p (
°C)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
sp
ee
d (
km
h)
0
50
100
us E-DOC
ds E-DOC
us cc SCRF
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800time (s)
INT
_h
ea
ter
(%)
0
100
EX
T h
ea
ter
(%)
0
100
Co
mb
_M
od
e (
wu
)
6
10
14
sp
ee
d (
km
h)
0
50
100
fpo
(m
g/s
trk
)
0
5
The exhaust temperature upstream cc-SCRF exceeds 200°C after 70 seconds
us E-DOCds E-DOCus cc SCRF
RWC – Real World Cycle
RWC – Real World Cycle
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP4; Demonstrator Vehicle - PN
16
PN10nm = PN23 + (≈21%)
dieper WLTC/RWC cold - 2019EU6 limit = 6.0E11
LNT DPF
DTT-measurement devices
TP
WLTCRWC
TP
dieper target1.2E+11
Baseline WLTC cold - 2017
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
17
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP5; High efficiency and clean LCV
18
Engine: Iveco F1C 3.0L; 132 kW/ 430 Nm
Vehicle: Iveco Daily E6 (class LCV M)
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP5; High efficiency and clean LCV
19
BSFC difference baseline vs. dieper [%]
WLTPPEMSNEDC
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP5; Aftertreatment system LCV
20
The aftertreatment system layout is shown below and it utilises the following features:
1. Double wall air gap insulated exhaust manifold.2. Electrically heated DOC.3. Twin urea dosing (before SCRoF and underfloor SCR).4. Complete ATS and exhaust system optimised for minimum exhaust back pressure.
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP5; Emissions WLTP – Demo Vehicle LCV
21
WLTP Baseline PowertrainWLTP Dieper Powertrain
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
22
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP6; Deterioration CO2 & emissions
2312 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
Project timeline and main tasks
24
Diesel enginetechnology WP 2
EAS / filter WP 3
Compact comb.
concept WP 4
Engine concept
for LCV WP 5
Deterioration CO2
& emiss. WP 6
Independent
testing WP 7
10/2016 03/2018
Vehicle testing
09/2019
IndustrializationSteps
~ 2023
New Research Direction
Supporting Measures(Infrastructure,
Regulation, Standards)Concept definition -
combustion sys., friction, A/T
10/2017
Sub 23nm PN source analysis &method to quantify sub 23 PN
NOx aftertreatment combined with improved filter technologies
EAS for demo vehicles
Specification new engine & FIE
Layout EASCombustion system; engine & EAS calibration on testbed
Vehicle integration, calibration & testing
Technology screening; PN characterization
Demo vehicle preparationCO2 walk
Measurement reference vehicles LCA of demo vehiclesIndependent testing of 2 vehicles
Global assessments
Experimental evaluation FIE on CO2
Simulation Models for CO2 & pollutants
Ageing & characterization EAS
Soot ModelCombustion system with VCR
Thermodynamic approach Experimental assessment VCR EvaluationVCR for PC & LCV
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP7; Independent testing
25
CO2
[g/km]
CO
[g/km]
THC & NOx
[g/km]NOx [g/km] PM [g/km] PN 10 [#/km]
WLTC Target 269,4 0,370 0,1075 0,0625 0,00250 1,20E+11
WLTC Measured 249,4 0,004 0,0310 0,0270 0,00000 5,29E+10
RWC Target 276,9
RWC Measured 259,1 0,022 0,0423 0,0355 0,00001 8,08E+10
RDE Target 0,0938 1,80E+11
RDE Measured 0,007 0,0366 9,66E+10
Iveco Daily
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL
WP7; Independent testing
26
CO2 [g/km] CO [g/km]THC & NOx
[g/km]
NOx
[g/km]PM [g/km]
PN 10
[#/km]
WLTC Target 152,6 0,25 0,085 0,040 0,00250 1,20E+11
WLTC Measured 159,4 0,015 0,029 0,017 0,00000 4,47E+09
RWC Target 171,3
RWC Measured 170,0 0,019 0,0410 0,0300 0,00001 9,63E+10
RDE Target 0,060 1,80E+11
RDE Measured 0,026 0,054 2,68E+10
Renault Espace
12 November 2019 dieper | Final Event PaREGEn +PEMs4Nano | Herwig Ofner - AVL