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THE JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA
Henschel
Herder
e so-called " Hep 1 Hep 1" riotsof1819atFrankfort-
Gesch.
e.g.
on Aug. 2, 1819, by anti-Semitic stu
term of reproachtoProfessor
endel of tha t university, who had w ritten in favor
he Jews. The students themselves claimed that
e word was derived from Hierosolyma est per-
a ";others claim that it is a contractionfor " He-
while a further attempt has been made to
ve i tfrom " Hab Hab " The brothers Grimm,
their dictionary, trace it from a call to animals in
toJews because of their
rds. Their earliest quotation is from W. Hauff
Aperson namedBrouse isstated to have
en condemned to three months' imprisonment for
ing used the expression against a Jew and his
Isr."
1848, p . 47). During the anti-
movement in Germanyapamphlet appeared
favor of the Jews with the title" Hepp 1 Hepp I
in1Vorschrei und 7 Gejohlen
acobs, Th e Jewish Q uestion, No. 25). The ex
eak against the Jews, and is thus used by George
"
The Modern
He-1 Hep Hep 1"
Impressions
of Theophrastus Such. It
is
stated
of" Hep Hep 1"with the similarly sounding
e
of
" Jep Jep "
meaning
" Jesus
est perditus
and Queries, 4th series, iii. 580).
J .
H E P H E R : 1. A son of Gilead (Num. xxvi. 32,
ii. 1; Josh. xvii. 2-3). The clan was known as
eHepherites (Num. xxvi.32). 2. Oneof David's
ains (I Chron. xi. 36). 3 . Member of the tribe
4. Royal city of the
(Josh.xii.
K.a.II. M.Sc.
HEPHZI-BAH (m~>xan, " my
delight in her ):
be bornebytherestored Jerusalem (Isa.
4), in token that God will not abandon it. 2 .
fManasseh (II Kings xxi. 1).
E. G.
H.
M.
SEL.
HEPNER, ADOLF:
German-American jour
ndBerlin.
He becamea socialist in 1868, and two years later
s associated w ith Liebknecht andBebelin editing
socialistic paper at Leipsic. Soon afterward he
asaccused with them of high treason, but was ac
tted in 1872. Being expelled from Leipsic in
e following year, he removed to Breslau, and be
publisher, bu t failed in business.
In1882Hepner emigrated to the United States,
w (1903)
living. Up to 1897 he edited the daily
abor paper St. Louis Tagebla tt, and since tha t
beentheeditor of the" WestlichePost.
Besides many essaysforthepapersofhispolitical
rty, Hepner has written Good N ight, Schatz,
a one-actplay (1894).
A.
F. T. H.
H E R A L D R Y . See COAT OF ARMS.
H E R B S . See BOTANY.
HERCZEGHY, MORIZ : Hungarian physician
and autho r; born in Budapest Aug. 19, 1815; died
in Vienna Dec. 23, 1884. He studied medicine in
Budapest and Vienna, and afterward took part in the
Revolution of
1848
in the latter
city. He
went from
Vienna to Paris, and thence in 1860 to Italy, where
he became chief physician in Garibaldi's army. He
returned to Hungary in 1865, but left again in 1868
for Constantinople, where for eight years
he
acted as
chief military physician. Being severely wounded
during the Russo-Turkish war, he had to give up
his practise, and then traveled in Europe and in the
East.
The more
important of
Herczeghy'sliterary
works
deal with political topics, and include: Weder
Deutsch noch Russisch, Sondern Oesterreichisch,"
Vienna, 1849; Das Bombardement des Ftirsten
Windischgratz
zu Prag,
ib.
1849;
"Mein
Tagebuch
1848-50, ib .1850; "Memoires sur Mon Sejour a
Paris, Milan, 1853. He wrote also treatises on cre
tinism (1864) and on epidemics (1874).
Herczeghy's chiefwork,however, was a sociolog
ical study on the woman question, published in
French (Paris, 1864) and in H ungarian (Budapest,
1883).
BIBLIOGRAPHY :
PallasLex.
s.
L. V.
HERCZEL, MANd DE SZENTP^TERI:
Hungarian physician; born in Szegedin July 1,
1861; studied successively in his native city, in
Ujvidek, in Budapest, in Vienna, in Strasburg, and
in Paris. After having taken his degree of M.D.
(1884), he practised for two years in Nothnagel's
clinic in Vienna, and was thereafter for five years
assistant to Czerny at Heidelberg, where in1889he
became privat-docent in surgery. In 1892
he
was
appointed chief of the Szt.IstvanHospital in Buda
pest. His specialty is the treatment of diseases of
the kidneys.
Herczel is the author of the following works:
Ueber die Wirkung des Anilin, Acetanilin und
Kam pheranilin, Vienna, 1887; Ueber Operative
Behandlung der Nierensteine, Vienna, 1887;
Ueber die Operative Fixation derWanderniere,"
Vienna, 1892; Ueber Grosse Defecte der Blasen-
Scheidewand, Vienna, 1894.
In
1902
Herczel
was
elevated by Emperor F rancis
Joseph I. to the Hungarian nobility, andhe assumed
the name of Szentpeteri.
BIBLIOGRAPHY : Szinnyel,
Magyar Irbk Elete.
s. L. V.
HERDER,
JOHANN
GOTTFRIED VON:
German Protestant theologian, poet, and writer;
born at Mohrungen, East Prussia, Aug. 25, 1744;
died a t Weimar Dec. 21, 1803. Hestudied theology,
philosophy, and the humanities at the University of
Konigsberg,where he acquired a vast knowledge of
German and foreign literature. In 1764-69 he was
teacher and preacher at Riga; in 1771-76, court
preacher and member of the consistory of Biicke-
burg; from 1776 until his death, court preacher and
member, laterpresident,oftheconsistory of W eimar.
His works on Hebrew Biblical literature exercised
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Heredla
Heresy
THE JEW ISH ENCYCLOPEDIA 35 2
great influence. His Die Aelteste Urkunde des
Menschengeschlechts "
(Riga, 1774-76) develops the
idea that the oldest Biblicalpoemsthehistory of
Creation, of the Flood, and of
Mosesare
to be con
sidered Oriental national songs. The usual inter
pretation ofthe Mosaichistory of Creationas adivine
revelation appears to Herder not only indefensible,
but pernicious, since it
fills
he mind w ith false ideas
and leads to persecution of the physical scientist.
In1778 hewrote Lieder der Liebe, in which he
divested theCanticlesof a ll mystical and allegorical
accretions. In these deeply felt love-songs he rec
ognizedthenatural expressions of Jew ish sentiment.
After having, in his letters on theology, extended
this view to the whole Bible, he published (Dessau,
1782-83) his famous Vom Geiste derEbraischen
Poesie. In ale tte rto Hamann
he wrote
that since
his childhoodhehad nourished it inhis breast." He
says that Hebrew poetry is the world's oldest, sim
plest, and most soulful poetry,fullof the inner feel
ing of nature and of the poetic consciousness of
God. He translated many of the Hebrew poems.
According to
Gratz
( Gesch. xi. 249), Herder,
although
filled
with admiration for Jewish antiquity
and for the Hebrew people of the Biblical age, and
foretelling a time when Christian and Jew would
work together for the development and refinement
of civilization, felt a dislike for the Jews which
manifested itself in his earlier relations with Moses
Mendelssohn. Not until after Lessing's death did
he become more friendly toward Mendelssohn.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :Hettner,Literaturgesch. des Achtzehnten
Jahrhunderts vol. v., Brunswick, 1872.
D. S. MAN.
HEREDIA, PAULTJS PABLO) DE: Span
ish anti-Jewish
writer;
born about
1405
in
Aragon;
died at an advanced age after 1486. Baptized late
in life,heattacked Judaism, though he had at one
time defended it and his former coreligionists. In
order to assail the Talmud and its commentators,
which he had studied in his youth, he wrote a mys
tical work, Iggere t ha-Sodot, which he ascribed
to the Mishnaic teacher Nehunya ben ha-Kana and
his alleged son Ha-Kana, asserting that he had
found it and translated it into Latin. In his igno
rance, Paulus de
Horedia
put into the mouth of
Nehunya passages from the work of Judah ha-Nasi,
who lived much later, and in the work" GalieRa-
zaya"made him answer eight questions, addressed
to him byhis imperial friend Antoninus, in an en
tirely Christian sense.
He
admits
the
chief mysteries
of Christianity, e.g. the doctrine of the Trinity.
Nehunya, who is made to say, " Ego ex iis unus
sum qui crediderunt in
eum
et baptisatus fui et
am-
buloin viisrectis,"fin llyexhorts his son to recog
nize Jesus as
thesMessiah.
Heredia's works" De Mysteriis Fidei" and" Co
rona Regia, on the immaculate conception (the lat
ter dedicated to Pope Innocent VIII.), were also in
tended to convert the Jews. The latter, however,
whom he assailed in the work Ens is Pauli"with
all the fire of a fanatical neophyte, vouchsafed no
reply to his gross attacks on their faith. Paulus de
Heredia was alleged to have collaborated on the
Complutensian polyglot, issued under the auspices
of Cardinal Ximenez.
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Nic. Antonio,Bibl. Hispania i.216;
Bibl.Hebr.
il.,iii.,1687;Rios,
Estudios
pp.456
et s
idem.Hist.iii. 413, 424 etseq.;Gratz, Gesch. viii. 231 et
K. M. K.
HEREFORD: County town of Herefordshire,
England, situated on the River Wye, of some com
mercial importance in earlytimes. When Richard I.
returned from captivity, ten Jews of Hereford con
tributed 15lis. lid. to a " donum " made by the
Jews of England a t Northampton (1194). They
were under the jurisdiction of the sheriff, notwith
standing the Bishop of Hereford claimed the right
to judge them (Tovey,"Anglia Judaica, pp. 78-
79). In1275the" archa " was removedfrom Worces
ter to Hereford, where it remained till the Expul
sion. From some of the
bonds
still extant the Jews
of Hereford appear to have adopted the corn trade
when refused permission by the sta tute of Juda
ism"in 1275 to take usury, but this may have been
merely an evasion of the statute. Twenty-fourof
the burghers of Hereford were appointed in
1282
as
special guardians of the peace in favor of the Jews
(Cal.Patent Rolls,1282-92,p. 15).
Four3'ears later one of the important Jew s of
Hereford invited
some
of his Christian friends to the
wedding of his daughter. This attractedthenotice
of Bishop Swinfeld, who refused permission, and
threatened excommunication to any of h is
flock
who
attended the wedding ( Household Expenses of
Bishop Swinfeld, Camden Society, pp. cix.-cxi.,
127). When the Jews were expelled in 1290 the
king seized the debts due to the fortyJewsof Here
ford, composing about twenty families. The chief
person seems to have been Isaac of Worcester, who
had apparently moved there in 1275; he, with four
of his sons and two of his daughters, was engaged
in money-lending. The largest individual lender,
however, appears to have been Aaron, son ofElias
leBlund. Abraham " theChaplain"is mentioned,
with two Evesques. Thirteen houses and the syna
gogue also fell into the hands ofthe king,with rent
als amounting to55s.6d. Since tha t timethere has
been no congregation at Hereford.
BIBLIOGRAPHY :Jacobs,Jews
of
Angevin England pp.
376;
Transactions Jew. Hist. Soc. Eng.
i. 136-159; R.
son, Customs
of Hereford
pp. 70-71.
J.
HEREM See EXCOMMUNICATION.
HERES
: 1. City in Egypt, mentioned in Isa.
xix.
18: "
In that day there shall be five cities in the
land of Egypt that speak the language of Canaan,
and swear to the Lord of
hosts;
one shall be called
'Ir ha-Heres" (A. V. the city of destruction ;
R. V. margin, He res ). The Masoretic text,
Aquila, Theodotion, and Peshitta read
Dinn TJi
City of Destruction. Symmachus, the Vulgate, j
Men. 110a, Saadia, and some Hebrew manuscripts
readDinnTJJ ("City of the Sun").The Septuagint
has rrofac daedex ( City of Righteousness ). Ther
are many differences of
opinion
regarding
the
proper
reading of this name. It is, however, probable that j
" Heres " is the
correct reading, and that
HELIOPOLIS,
in Egypt,is referredto by Isaiah. Thealterationof
'Ir ha-Heres"(City ofthe Sun) into "'I rha-Heres "
(City of Destruction)
was
influenced
by
a later antag
onism toward the Onias temple. On theother hand,