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Herb GardeningCynthia SandbergLove Apple Farms
www.LoveAppleFarms.com
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Please keep your talking to a minimum, allowing you and your neighbors to get the full value of the class.
Please raise your hand if you have any questions, but try to wait for the Q & A time periods, so we don’t get off track.
Add your name/email to Links List if you'd like to receive a PDF of this presentation as well as links to resources discussed in class. Note that it generally gets filtered into your spam folder.
Class Introduction
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Class Structure
● Perennial vs. Annual● Warm weather vs. Cool weather● Siting and Sun Requirements ● Starts vs. Seeds● Descriptions of individual herbs● Propagating by cuttings
BREAK● Flat sowing● Flat care● Planting out● Container Growing● Fertilizing with Worm Casting Tea
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“Annual” Herbs●Live for a season or a
year●Must be sown or
planted every year ●Usually tender with
thin, fragile leaves ●Allows you to redesign
your garden yearly ●Biennials: Live for up
to 2 years (example: Parsley, Lovage)
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Warm Weather vs. Cool WeatherAnnuals
● Should not be planted before last frost
● Require full sun● Usually started from seed
indoors in winter/early spring and transplanted outside in late spring/early summer
● Can be grown all year but should be shaded in summer
● Will bolt quickly in warm weather
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“Perennial” Herbs●Live for more than 2
years●Placed permanently
in garden unless planted in container
●Woody: Must be pruned every winter for health and growth
●Herbaceous: Dies back in winter and grows again in spring
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Pruning Woody Perennials● Remove any dead branches at base● Cut down to 1/3 of original size● Use loppers, clippers, heavy gloves
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Siting Your Herb Garden● Close to your kitchen for easy harvesting ● Most herbs want full sun but will tolerate partial shade● Perennial herbs are there to stay unless you transplant● Rosemary, geraniums and lavender can get big and bushy
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Herb Garden Design Ideas
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Herb Wheel at Original Love Apple
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Herb Spiral (Popular in Permaculture)
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Beautiful sunken herb
garden. These are actually
pots dug into the ground
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Container Herb Gardens
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Rosemary● Evergreen perennial - cut back by half in winter to keep it from
becoming too woody● Will grow almost anywhere - sun, shade, cold, hot● Edible purple flower ● Can be grown from seed● Easy to propagate from cuttings
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Salvia● Aka "Sage"● Ornamental or culinary ● Many different cultivars (arboretum at Cabrillo College)● “Common sage” is culinary sage● Evergreen perennial - cut back in winter● Not hardy everywhere ● Can be grown from seed● Easy to propagate from cuttings
RED CARADONNA COMMON SAGE
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Tarragon● Herbaceous perennial (dies back in winter)● Difficult to start as cutting● Best to purchase plant from nursery● Unable to grow French variety from seed● Mild anise flavor
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Thyme● Cultivars: Regular, Orange,
Lemon, Lime, Wooly, Creeping, etc.
● Woody perennial ● Can be started from seed● Easy to propagate from cuttings
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Oregano● Herbaceous perennial that can continue to be evergreen in mild
climates● Lots of cultivars● Cut back each year● Can be started from seed
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Sweet Marjoram● Woody perennial● Cut back each year● Start from seed or cutting
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Stevia● Naturally sweet - 50X sweeter
than sugar. Good for diabetics● Seed requires light to germinate
(so don’t cover seed with soil). ● Dies above ground in winter,
regrows in spring (herbaceous perennial)
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Chives● Can live for several years● Start from seed ● Dies back in winter and regrows in spring● Plant in bunches of 4 - 5● Edible purple flower● Round and hollow● Requires supplemental nitrogen fertilizing● Can propagate from seed or division
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Garlic Chives● Same culture as regular chives● Aka Chinese Leeks ● Flat leaf blade● Edible white flower ● Mild garlic flavor● Susceptible to black aphids
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French Sorrel● Leafy perennial● Lemony flavor● Cut off flower spikes● Prefers partial shade ● High yielding crop
● Start from seed, prick out in bunches of 3 - 4
● Harvest by pulling or cutting larger leaves
● Can harvest through winter in mild climates
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Cat Nip
● Herbaceous perennial
● Beautiful blue flowers
● Low growing● Your cat’s mileage
may vary depending on what they think of it
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Bronze Fennel
● Different than bulbing fennel
● Harvest by cutting leaves, or fronds
● Start from seed and prick out
● Can be sown directly● Annual that resows itself
well● Warm-weather lover● Can get 3 feet tall● Edible yellow umbel
flower
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Dill● Warm-weather lover● Start from seed and prick out in bunches● Can be sown directly● Annual - resow every year● Can grow 2 feet tall● Edible yellow umbel
flower
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Basil● Annual, resow each year● Warm-weather lover● Start from seed and prick out 1 - 2 per pot ● Pinch top leaves to promote branching● Cut off edible flower spikes to increase season
‘Genovese’ ITALIAN BASIL SWEET THAI BASIL
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Basil
LIME BASIL
‘Red Rubin’ BASIL
LEMON BASIL
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Pinching Tops
● Technique to promote branching, rather than plant being one long, spindly branch
● Use on basils, mints, & cuttings (after they have rooted)
BASIL SPROUTS SHOWING COTYLEDONS AND FIRST SET OF TRUE LEAVES PRICKED OUT BASIL SEEDLING
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Pinching Tops
● Pinch off 2nd set of true leaves above node where 1st leaves are connected
● Causes plant to grow 2 branches from this node● When new branches grow 2 sets of leaves, pinch off those top
leaves
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Flat Leaf Italian Parsley
● Better flavor than curly leaf used for garnishing
● Biennial● Slow to germinate and grow● Takes extreme temperatures● Sow in flats and prick out or sow
directly in ground● Edible green umbel flower
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Cilantro● Aka Coriander ● Cool-weather loving annual● Bolts quickly in warm weather● Can sow directly● Edible white flowers● Let seeds dry on plant and save seeds for cooking or resowing next
crop
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Chervil● Mild licorice flavor● Annual● Can be sown directly● Edible white flowers● Popular in France ● Prefers partial shade
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Mints● Peppermint, Spearmint, Apple Mint, Chocolate Mint, Persian Mint● All invasive - put in pots separately or plant in areas where other
perennials fail (tough to grow spots)● Grow from seed or cuttings● Will die back a bit in winter, and regrow in spring● A must-have for Mojitos and Mint Juleps
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Shiso - ‘Britton’
● Also known as Perilla● Grow like Basils● Essential part of a good
fresh spring roll● Very popular in Asian
cultures● Tastes like a cross
between basil, mint, anise and cinnamon
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Chamomile
● Pungent lower used fresh or dried for tea● Excellent as a cut flower● Resows nicely each spring● Annual● Can get tall (3 feet)
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Steps to Propagate Cuttings
1. Cut a 3" piece of the plant○ Piece must have terminal bud (growing tip)
2. Remove leaves from most of lower part of stem○ Node: At least one should be under the soil
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Steps to Propagate Cuttings3. Fill small pots with good quality potting soil, then water thoroughly
○ Dip cutting in rooting hormone, if desired (not required)○ Make hole with pencil and place cutting in hole○ Compact soil around stem to prop it up○ Don't have too many leaves above soil (no roots to take up water
to them)○ Water again
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Steps to Propagate Cuttings4. Keep constantly moist in partial shade
○ No direct sunlight 5. Cutting will take a month to root6. After a month, start hardening off cutting by putting it in direct sun for a few hours in the morning
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Break and Cuttings
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Flat Sowing Instructions1. Write on labels in pencil only2. Sow 3 cells at least of each type of herb3. Place label in upper left cell4. Sow on surface - no divot5. Don't put in label until you are ready to sow6. Keep to number of seeds per cell written on canister or seed packet
- seeds are very small! Oversowing will hurt the seedlings!7. Pass in circle, clockwise. Seeds will go around several times8. Put lids back on tight after selecting. Only have 1 container open at
a time
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Example of Labels in Top Left48 cells per tray
3 cells per veg = 16 possible different veg to sow
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Seeds to choose from today● Tarragon● Stevia● Shiso - Britton● Thyme - German Winter● Catnip● Bronze Fennel● Rosemary● Basil - Genovese, Thai, Lemon, Lime, Red Rubin● Mint - Common● Chives● Chamomile● Sage - Common● Dill● Parsley● Marjoram● Chervil● Garlic Chives
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Seedling Tray Care
● Water 3 times and cover with plastic● Optimal soil temperature: 70-75 degrees● Use instant-read meat thermometer to monitor temp ● Remove plastic cover once seeds sprout● Put flat outside during day and bring in at night
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Seedling Tray Care● Transplant into small containers once seedlings show several sets
of leaves● Transplant deeper than they were before● Put transplants outside in sun during day, inside at night● Fertilize transplants with Worm Casting Tea
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Container Growing● Containers need to be fertilized
monthly with Worm Casting Tea or liquid organic fertilizer
● Perennial herbs need to be repotted to bigger pots annually or divided
● When planting in 15 gallon pot add:○ 1 cup G&B 4-6-3○ ½ cup Bone Meal