Download - Head and neck 1
THE HEAD AND THE HEAD AND NECK INECK I
THE HEAD AND THE HEAD AND NECK INECK I
ALEXANDRIA R. BAYAOA, M.D.,DPBODEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
UERMMMC, Inc.
ALEXANDRIA R. BAYAOA, M.D.,DPBODEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
UERMMMC, Inc.
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESnn Identify the principal parts of the skull & various Identify the principal parts of the skull & various
foramina including important structures passing foramina including important structures passing through them.through them.
nn Identifying the bony and soft tissue structures of the Identifying the bony and soft tissue structures of the head and neck appreciated on different radiograph head and neck appreciated on different radiograph studiesstudies
nn Identifying surface anatomical landmarks in the head Identifying surface anatomical landmarks in the head regionregion
nn Describe the layers of the scalp noting the dangerous Describe the layers of the scalp noting the dangerous layer.layer.
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESnn Describing the disposition of the cervical Describing the disposition of the cervical
fascia, noting fascia, noting fascialfascial planes and explaining planes and explaining how infections in the neck may extend how infections in the neck may extend downwards to the downwards to the mediastinummediastinum
nn Describing the course in the neck and contents Describing the course in the neck and contents of the carotid sheath and the of the carotid sheath and the neighboringneighboringcourse of the cervical sympathetic chain.course of the cervical sympathetic chain.
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESnn Defining emissary veins and its importance.Defining emissary veins and its importance.nn Identify the Identify the fascialfascial layers of the neck & layers of the neck &
contents.contents.nn Describe the muscles of facial expression as to Describe the muscles of facial expression as to
their origin, insertion, action & their origin, insertion, action & innervationinnervation..nn Name the muscles of mastication, their nerve Name the muscles of mastication, their nerve
supply & action.supply & action.nn Describing the structures of the Describing the structures of the
temporomandibulartemporomandibular joint and classifying itjoint and classifying it
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESnn Name the different triangles of the neck Name the different triangles of the neck
(boundaries & contents).(boundaries & contents).nn Describing the gross anatomy of the parotid Describing the gross anatomy of the parotid
gland, noting the structures running through its gland, noting the structures running through its substance and opening of its duct into the oral substance and opening of its duct into the oral cavity.cavity.
nn Name the Name the suprahyoidsuprahyoid and and infrahyoidinfrahyoid muscles muscles including their action and nerve supply.including their action and nerve supply.
nn Identify the muscles of the tongue including Identify the muscles of the tongue including action and action and innervationinnervation..
REFERENCESREFERENCES
nn MOORE, CLINICALLY ORIENTED MOORE, CLINICALLY ORIENTED ANATOMY, 6ANATOMY, 6thth ed.ed.
nn SNELL, CLINICAL ANATOMY FOR SNELL, CLINICAL ANATOMY FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS, 8MEDICAL STUDENTS, 8thth eded
nn LANSANG ET AL, REVIEW NOTESLANSANG ET AL, REVIEW NOTES
SKULLSKULL
FACIAL BONES (14)FACIAL BONES (14)
nn ZYGOMATIC (2)ZYGOMATIC (2)nn MAXILLAE (2)MAXILLAE (2)nn NASAL BONES(2)NASAL BONES(2)nn LACRIMAL (2)LACRIMAL (2)nn VOMER (1)VOMER (1)nn PALATINE (2)PALATINE (2)nn INF. CONCHA(2)INF. CONCHA(2)nn MANDIBLE (1)MANDIBLE (1)
CALVARIA CALVARIA nn TEMPORALTEMPORALnn FRONTALFRONTALnn PARIETAL (2)PARIETAL (2)nn OCCIPITALOCCIPITALnn SPHENOIDSPHENOIDnn ETHMOIDETHMOIDSUTURESUTURE
*CORONAL*CORONAL*SAGITTAL*SAGITTAL*LAMBDOID*LAMBDOID
* * pterionpterion
CRANIUM CRANIUM
BASE OF THE SKULLBASE OF THE SKULL
BASE OF THE SKULLBASE OF THE SKULL
SCALPSCALP
SCALPSCALP
EPICRANIUS/OCCIPITOFRONTALISEPICRANIUS/OCCIPITOFRONTALIS
Emissary VeinsEmissary Veins
nn Traverse cranial apertures and make Traverse cranial apertures and make connections between intracranial venous connections between intracranial venous sinuses and sinuses and extracranialextracranial veinsveins
nn constant:constant:1.Mastoid emissary vein1.Mastoid emissary vein-- connects the connects the sigmoid sinus with the post auricular or sigmoid sinus with the post auricular or occipital veinsoccipital veins
Emissary veinEmissary vein
2. 2. Parietal emissary veinParietal emissary vein-- connects the connects the superior superior sagittalsagittal sinus with the veins of the sinus with the veins of the scalpscalp3. 3. Venous plexus of the hypoglossal canalVenous plexus of the hypoglossal canal--connects the sigmoid sinus and IJVconnects the sigmoid sinus and IJV4. 4. CondylarCondylar emissary veinemissary vein-- connects the connects the sigmoid sinus and veins in the sigmoid sinus and veins in the suboccipitalsuboccipitaltriangle via the triangle via the condylarcondylar canal canal
Emissary veins:Emissary veins:
5. 5. Venous plexus of foramen Venous plexus of foramen ovaleovale--connects the cavernous sinus to the connects the cavernous sinus to the pterygoidpterygoid plexusplexus via foramen via foramen ovaleovale6. 6. occipital emissary veinoccipital emissary vein-- connects connects confluence of sinuses with the occipital confluence of sinuses with the occipital vein through the occipital protuberance and vein through the occipital protuberance and also receives the occipital also receives the occipital diploicdiploic veinvein
nn SuperficialSuperficialFasciaFascia
nn Deep Deep CervicalCervicalFascia:Fascia:* Investing* Investing
layerlayer*Pretracheal*Pretracheal
fasciafascia*Prevertebral*Prevertebral
fasciafascia
nn SupraSupra--sternal spacesternal spaceof Burnsof Burns
nn RetrophaRetropha--ryngeal ryngeal spacespace
CAROTIDCAROTIDSHEATHSHEATH
ARE YOU STILL AWAKE?ARE YOU STILL AWAKE?
TRIANGLES OF THE NECKTRIANGLES OF THE NECK
TRIANGLES OF THE NECKTRIANGLES OF THE NECKTRIANGLES OF THE NECKTRIANGLES OF THE NECK
nn ANTERIOR ANTERIOR TRIANGLETRIANGLE
nn POSTERIOR POSTERIOR TRIANGLE TRIANGLE
ANTERIOR TRIANGLEANTERIOR TRIANGLEANTERIOR TRIANGLEANTERIOR TRIANGLE
nn SUBMENTAL SUBMENTAL TRIANGLETRIANGLE
nn DIGASTRIC DIGASTRIC TRIANGLETRIANGLE
nn CAROTID CAROTID TRIANGLETRIANGLE
nn MUSCULAR MUSCULAR TRIANGLETRIANGLE
LATERAL CERVICAL REGION/ LATERAL CERVICAL REGION/ POSTERIOR TRIANGLEPOSTERIOR TRIANGLELATERAL CERVICAL REGION/ LATERAL CERVICAL REGION/ POSTERIOR TRIANGLEPOSTERIOR TRIANGLE
nn OCCIPITAL OCCIPITAL TRIANGLETRIANGLE
nn OMOCLAVICULAR/OMOCLAVICULAR/SUBCLAVIAN/ SUBCLAVIAN/ SUPRACLAVICULARSUPRACLAVICULAR
nn OCCIPITAL OCCIPITAL TRIANGLETRIANGLE
nn OMOCLAVICULAR/OMOCLAVICULAR/SUBCLAVIAN/ SUBCLAVIAN/ SUPRACLAVICULARSUPRACLAVICULAR
CONTENTS: ANTERIOR TRIANGLECONTENTS: ANTERIOR TRIANGLEnn SubmentalSubmental: : submentalsubmental lymph lymph
nodesnodesnn DigastricDigastric: : submandibularsubmandibular
glandgland, facial a. & v., , facial a. & v., hypoglossal nhypoglossal n., ., mylohyoidmylohyoid n.n., , submandibularsubmandibular lymph nodes lymph nodes
nn CarotidCarotid: : carotid sheath carotid sheath (ICA/CCA, IVJ, CN X)(ICA/CCA, IVJ, CN X), , external carotid arteryexternal carotid artery, CN XI , CN XI & XII, sup. root of & XII, sup. root of ansaansacervicaliscervicalis, branches of cervical , branches of cervical plexus, part of thyroid, larynx plexus, part of thyroid, larynx and pharynx, deep cervical and pharynx, deep cervical lymph nodeslymph nodes
nn MuscularMuscular((omotrachealomotracheal): ): infrahyoidinfrahyoid ms ms & viscera & viscera ((thyroidthyroid & & parathyroid glandsparathyroid glands))
CONTENTS: POSTERIOR TRIANGLECONTENTS: POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
nn OmoclavicularOmoclavicular::subclaviansubclavian a a (3(3rdrd part), part), part of part of subclaviansubclavian v. v. suprascapularsuprascapular a., a., supraclavicularsupraclavicular lnln
nn Occipital: Occipital: External External jugular vein, parts of jugular vein, parts of cervical & brachial cervical & brachial plexus, plexus, CN XICN XI, cervical , cervical lymph nodes, splenius lymph nodes, splenius capitiscapitis, , levatorlevator scapulae scapulae & scalene ms& scalene ms
LATERAL CERVICAL REGIONLATERAL CERVICAL REGION
MUSCLES OF FACIAL MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONEXPRESSION
nn Embedded in superficial Embedded in superficial fascia fascia
nn Most arise from the Most arise from the bones of the skull & are bones of the skull & are inserted into the skin.inserted into the skin.
nn Serve as sphincters or Serve as sphincters or dilators of the eyelids, dilators of the eyelids, nostrils and lipsnostrils and lips
MUSCLES OF MUSCLES OF THE EYELIDS:THE EYELIDS:
nn Sphincters: Sphincters: ORBICULARIS ORBICULARIS OCULIOCULI**PalpebralPalpebral*Orbital*Orbital
nn Dilators:Dilators:1. LEVATOR 1. LEVATOR
PALPEBRAE PALPEBRAE SUPERIORISSUPERIORIS
2. OCCIPITO2. OCCIPITO--FRONTALISFRONTALIS
MUSCLES OF MUSCLES OF FACIAL FACIAL EXPRESSIONEXPRESSION
nn Corrugator Corrugator superciliisupercilii
nn Orbicularis orisOrbicularis orisnn Dilator muscles of Dilator muscles of
lips lips
MUSCLES MUSCLES OF THEOF THECHEEKS:CHEEKS:
nn BuccinatorBuccinator
MUSCLES MUSCLES OF THEOF THECHEEKS:CHEEKS:
nn BuccinatorBuccinator
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONMUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
MUSCLES OF MASTICATIONMUSCLES OF MASTICATION
nn IInternal/medial nternal/medial pterygoidpterygoid –– elevator of the mandibleelevator of the mandiblenn TTemporalisemporalis –– elevator of the mandibleelevator of the mandiblenn EExternal/lateral xternal/lateral pterygoidpterygoid –– protractor of the jaw & protractor of the jaw &
depressor of mandibledepressor of mandiblenn MMasseterasseter –– elevator of mandibleelevator of mandiblenn SSuprahyoiduprahyoid muscles (DGMS)muscles (DGMS)Nerve supplyNerve supply: : mandibularmandibular division of CN Vdivision of CN VExcept the posterior belly of Except the posterior belly of digastricdigastric & & stylohyoidstylohyoid
innervated by CN VII, innervated by CN VII, geniohyoidgeniohyoid by C1by C1
nn MASSETERMASSETER
nn TEMPORALISTEMPORALIS
nn MASSETERMASSETER
nn TEMPORALISTEMPORALIS
SUPRAHYOID & INFRAHYOID MSSUPRAHYOID & INFRAHYOID MS
nn SUPRASUPRAHYOID:HYOID:*Mylohyoid*Mylohyoid*Geniohyoid*Geniohyoid*Stylohyoid*Stylohyoid*Digastric*Digastric~Ant. belly~Ant. belly~Post. belly~Post. belly
nn INFRAINFRA--HYOID:HYOID:**SternohyoidSternohyoid**SternothyroidSternothyroid**ThyrohyoidThyrohyoid**OmohyoidOmohyoid~Inf. belly~Inf. belly~Sup. Belly~Sup. Belly
nn NERVE SUPPLY: NERVE SUPPLY: AnsaAnsa cervicaliscervicalisC1C1--C3C3
nn INFRAINFRA--HYOID:HYOID:**SternohyoidSternohyoid**SternothyroidSternothyroid**ThyrohyoidThyrohyoid**OmohyoidOmohyoid~Inf. belly~Inf. belly~Sup. Belly~Sup. Belly
nn NERVE SUPPLY: NERVE SUPPLY: AnsaAnsa cervicaliscervicalisC1C1--C3C3
PAROTID GLANDPAROTID GLAND
nn INTRINSICINTRINSICMUSCLES MUSCLES (longitudinal, (longitudinal, transverse & transverse & vertical)vertical)
nn EXTRINSICEXTRINSICMUSCLES:MUSCLES:
**GenioglossusGenioglossus**HyoglossusHyoglossus**StyloglossusStyloglossus**PalatoglossusPalatoglossus
THANK YOU!!!THANK YOU!!!