Hazardous
Chemicals
Safety Managementand Global
Regulations
T.S.S. Dikshith
CRC PressTaylor & Francis GroupBoca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business
Contents
Foreword xxvii
Preface xxxi
Acknowledgements xxxix
Author xli
1. Introduction 1
Bibliography 2
2. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Characterisation 3
Introduction 3
Colours, Dyes and Pigments 4
Safe Handling and Precautions 6
Compressed Gas and Gases 6
Corrosive Chemical Substances 7
Combustible Materials 7
Explosive Chemical Substances 8
Irritant Chemical Substances 9
Oxidisers/Oxidising Agents/Materials 10
Pesticides 10
Appendix: Categories of Hazardous Chemical Substances 13
Bibliography 13
3. Hazardous Chemical Substances: A 17
Abamectin (CAS No. 71751-41-2) 18
Safe Handling and Precautions 18
Abate (CAS No. 3383-96-8) 18
Safe Handling and Precautions 19
Acacia Powder (CAS. No. 9000-01-5) 19
Safe Handling and Precautions 20
Acenaphthene (CAS No. 83-32-9) 20
Safe Handling and Precautions 20
1-Acenaphthenol (CAS No. 6306-07-6) 21
Safe Handling and Precautions 21
Acenaphthylene (CAS No. 208-96-8) 21
Safe Handling and Precautions 21
Acephate (CAS No. 30560-19-1) 22
Acetal (CAS No. 105-57-7) 22
Safe Handling and Precautions 22
Acetaldehyde (CAS No. 75-07-0) 22
Safe Handling and Precautions 23
Acetaldehyde Ammonia (CAS No. 75-39-8) 23
Safe Handling and Precautions 23
Acetamide (CAS No. 60-35-5) 24
Safe Handling and Precautions 24
vii
viii Contents
Acetamide Acid (Methomyl) (CAS No. 16752-77-5) 24
Safe Handling and Precautions 24
Acetic Acid (CAS No. 64-19-7) 25
Safe Handling and Precautions 25
Precautions 26
Acetic Anhydride (CAS No. 108-24-7) 26
Safe Handling and Precautions 27
Acetone Cyanohydrin (CAS No. 75-86-5) 28
Safe Handling and Precautions 28
Acetonitrile (CAS No. 75-05-8) 28
Safe Handling and Precautions 29
Acetophenone (CAS No. 98-86-2) 29
Safe Handling and Precautions 30
Acetophenone Oxime (CAS No. 613-91-2) 30
Safe Handling and Precautions 30
p-Acetotoluidide (4'-Methylacetanilide) (CAS No. 103-89-9) 31
Safe Handling and Precautions 31
Acetylacetone (CAS No. 123-54-6) 31
Safe Handling and Precautions 32
Acetyl Bromide (CAS No. 506-96-7) 32
Safe Handling and Precautions 32
Acetyl Chloride (CAS No. 75-36-5) 33
Safe Handling and Precautions 33
Acetylene (CAS No. 74-86-2) 34
Safe Handling and Precautions 34
Acetylene Dichloride (CAS No. 540-59-0) 35
Safe Handling and Precautions 35
2-Acetylfluorene (CAS No. 781-73-7) 35
Safe Handling and Precautions 36
2-Acetylfuran (CAS No. 1192-62-7) 36
Safe Handling and Precautions 36
Acetyl Iodide (CAS No. 507-02-8) 36
Safe Handling and Precautions 37
Acrylonitrile (CAS No. 107-13-1) 38
Safe Handling and Precautions 38
Adipamide (CAS No. 628-94-4) 38
Safe Handling and Precautions 39
Adipic Acid (CAS No. 124-04-9) 39
Safe Handling and Precautions 39
Bibliography 40
4. Hazardous Chemical Substances: B 45
Barium (CAS No. 7440-39-3) 46
Safe Handling and Precautions 46
Barium Compounds 47
Barium Chloride, Anhydrous (CAS No. 10361-37-2) 49
Safe Handling and Precautions 50
Warning! Precautions!! 50
Contents ix
Barium Dichloride Dihydrate (CAS No. 10326-27-9) 50
Safe Handling and Precautions 50
Special Precautions: Warning 51
Barium Fluoride (CAS No. 7787-32-8) 51
Safe Handling and Precautions 51
Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate (CAS No. 12230-71-6) 52
Barium Nitrate (as Ba) (CAS No. 10022-31-8) 53
Safe Handling and Precautions 54
Barium Sulphate (CAS No. 7727-43-7) 54
Safe Handling and Precautions 54
Bendiocarb (CAS No. 22781-23-3) 55
Safe Handling and Precautions 55
Benfuracarb (CAS No. 82560-54-1) 57
Safe Handling and Precautions 57
Benomyl (CAS No. 17804-35-2) 58
Safe Handling and Precautions 58
Benzaldehyde (CAS No. 100-52-7) 58
Safe Handling and Precautions 59
Benzamide (CAS No. 55-21-0) 60
Safe Handling and Precautions 60
1.2-Benzanthracene (CAS No. 56-55-3) 60
Safe Handling and Precautions 61
Benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2) 61
Safe Handling and Precautions 61
Benzidine (CAS No. 92-87-5) 62
Safe Handling and Precautions 62
Dangers and Precautions 63
Benzotrichloride (CAS No. 98-07-7) 63
Safe Handling and Precautions 64
2.3-Benzofuran (CAS No. 271-89-6) 64
Safe Handling and Precautions 65
Benzyl Acetate (CAS No. 140-11-4) 65
Safe Handling and Precautions 65
Benzyltrimethylammonium Dichloroiodate (CAS No. 114971-52-7) 66
Safe Handling and Precautions 66
Beryllium (CAS No. 7440-41-7) 67
Safe Handling and Precautions 67
Beryllium Chloride (CAS No. 7787-47-5) 68
Safe Handling and Precautions 69
Special Precautions 69
Bifenthrin (CAS No. 82657-04-3) 70
Safe Handling and Precautions 70
1,1-Biphenyl 71
Safe Handling and Precautions 71
Danger and Precautions 72
Bis(chloromethyl) Ether (CAS No. 542-88-1) 72
Safe Handling and Precautions 72
Bismuth (CAS No. 7440-69-9) 73
Safe Handling and Precautions 73
X Contents
Boron (CAS No. 7440-42-8) 74
Safe Handling and Precautions 74
Boron Compounds 75
Boric Acid (CAS No. 10043-35-3) 75
Boron Tribromide (CAS No. 10294-33-4) 75
Safe Handling and Precautions 76
Boron Carbide (CAS No. 12069-32-8) 76
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate/Borax (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 1330-43-4) 76
and exposure 77
Safe Handling and Precautions 77
Precautions 77
Alert: Warning! Precautions: Exposure to sodium tetraborate decahydrateis harmful. Whenever accidentally swallowed, inhaled or absorbed
through skin at workplaces it causes irritation to skin, eyes and
respiratory tract 77
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate/Borax (Decahydrate) (CAS No. 1303-96-4) 77
Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate (CAS No. 12179-04-3) 78
Boron Nitride (CAS No. 10043-11-5) 78
Borazole/Borazine (CAS No. 6569-51-3) 78
Boron Trichloride (CAS No. 10294-34-5) 78
Safe Handling and Precautions 78
Alert! Warning!! 79
Boron Trifluoride (CAS No. 7637-07-2) 79
Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Ether Complex (CAS No. 109-63-7) 79
Safe Handling and Precautions 80
1,3-Butadiene (CAS No. 106-99-0) 80
Safe Handling and Precautions 81
Butane (CAS No. 106-97-8) 81
Safe Handling and Precautions 82
Warning! Danger!! 82
1,3-Butanediol (CAS No. 107-88-0) 82
Butanesultone (CAS No. 1633-83-6) 83
Safe Handling and Precautions 83
Butanethiol (CAS No. 109-79-5) 83
Safe Handling and Precautions 83
2-Butanone (CAS No. 78-93-3) 84
Safe Handling and Precautions 84
1-Butene (CAS No. 106-98-9) 84
Safe Handling and Precautions 85
2-Butoxyethanol (CAS No. 111-76-2) 86
Safe Handling and Precautions 87
Butyl Acetates 87
Isobutyl Acetate (CAS No. 110-19-0) 87
M-Butyl Acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4) 88
sec-Butyl Acetate (CAS No. 105-46-4) 88
Safe Handling and Precautions 88
rert-Butyl Acetate (CAS No. 540-88-5) 88
Safe Handling and Precautions 89
Contents xi
n-Butyl Alcohol (CAS No. 71-36-3) 89
Safe Handling and Precautions 89
M-Butylamine (CAS No. 109-73-9) 90
Safe Handling and Precautions 90
Bibliography 91
5. Hazardous Chemical Substances: C 97
Cadmium and Its Compounds 98
Cadmium (CAS No. 7440-43-9) 98
Safe Handling and Precautions 98
Cadmium Acetate (CAS No. 543-90-8) 99
Safe Handling and Precautions 99
Cadmium Arsenide (CAS No. 12006-15-4) 100
Safe Handling and Precautions 100
Cadmium Chloride (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 10108-64-2) 100
Safe Handling and Precautions 101
Cadmium Fume (Cd) (CAS No. 1306-19-0) 101
Cadmium Iodide (CAS No. 10102-68-8) 101
Cadmium Oxide (CAS No. 1306-19-0) 101
Safe Handling and Precautions 101
Cadmium Sulphate (CAS No. 10124-36-4) 102
Safe Handling and Precautions 102
Captafol (CAS No. 2425-06-1) 102
Safe Handling and Safety 103
Safe Handling and Precautions 103
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 104
Carbaryl (CAS No. 63-25-21) 104
Safe Handling and Precautions 104
Carbofuran (CAS No. 1563-66-2) 105
Safe Handling and Precautions 106
Carbofuran and Bird Mortalities 106
Precautions 107
Carbon Disulphide (CAS No. 75-15-0) 107
Safe Handling and Precautions 107
Carbon Monoxide (CAS No. 630-08-0) 108
Safe Handling and Precautions 108
Carbophenothion (CAS No. 786-19-6) 109
Safe Handling and Precautions 109
Cefadroxil (CAS No. 50370-12-2) 110
Safe Handling and Precautions 110
Cefixime (CAS No. 79350-37-1) 110
Safe Handling and Precautions 110
Chloramine-t (CAS No. 127-65-1) 110
Chloramine T (CAS No. 7080-50-4) Ill
Safe Handling and Precautions Ill
Alert!! Warning!! DANGER!! Ill
Chlordane (CAS No. 57-74-9) Ill
Safe Handling and Precautions 112
xii Contents
Chlorine (CAS No. 7782-50-5) 112
Safe Handling and Precautions 113
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 113
Safe Handling and Precautions 114
/>-Chloronitrobenzene (CAS No. 100-00-5) 114
Safe Handling and Precautions 114
Chlorpyrifos (CAS No. 2921-88-2) 114
Safe Handling and Precautions 115
Chlorpyrifos-Methyl (CAS No. 5598-13-0) 115
Safe Handling and Precautions 116
Cobalt and Its Compounds 116
Cobalt Metal, Dust, and Fume (as Co) (CAS No. 7440-48-4) 116
Safe Handling and Precautions 116
Cobalt Iodide (CAS No. 15238-00-3) 117
Cobalt Sulphate (CAS No. 10026-24-1) 117
Safe Handling and Precautions 118
Copper and Its Compounds 118
Copper (CAS No. 7440-50-8) 118
Safe Handling and Precautions 118
Copper (Dust, Fume, and Mist, as Cu) (CAS No. 7440-50-8) 118
Safe Handling and Precautions 118
Copper Fume (as Cu) (CAS No. 1317-38-0) 119
Copper Sulphate (CAS No. 7758-98-7) 119
Safe Handling and Precautions 120
Coumaphos (CAS No. 56-72-4) 120
Safe Handling and Precautions 121
Cyanide (CAS No. 57-12-5) 121
Safe Handling and Precautions 122
Cyanide Compounds 123
Calcium Cyanide (CAS No. 592-01-8) 123
Safe Handling and Precautions 124
Cyanogen Bromide (CAS No. 506-68-3) 124
Cyanogen Chloride (CAS No. 506-77-4) 125
Hydrogen Cyanide (CAS No. 74-90-8) 125
Safe Handling and Precautions 125Additional Steps of Precautions 126
Potassium Cyanide (CAS No. 151-50-8) 127
Potassium Silver Cyanide (CAS No. 506-61-6) 127Safe Handling and Precautions 127
Sodium Cyanide (CAS No. 143-33-9) 127
Safe Handling and Precautions 128
Cyclohexane (CAS No. 110-82-7) 129
Bibliography 129
6. Hazardous Chemical Substances: D 135
DDT (CAS No. 50-29-3) 135Safe Handling and Precautions 136
DDT and Malaria Control 137
Contents xiii
Demeton-S-Methyl (CAS No. 919-86-8) 138
Safe Handling and Precautions 138
Diazinon (CAS No. 333-41-5) 139
Safe Handling and Precautions 139
Dichlorvos (CAS No. 62-73-7) 139
Safe Handling and Precautions 140
Dicofol (CAS No. 115-32-2) 141
Safe Handling and Precautions 141
Diethylamine (CAS No. 109-89-7) 142
Safe Handling and Precautions 142
Diethyl Phthalate (CAS No. 84-66-2) 143
Safe Handling and Precautions 143
Dimethoate (CAS No. 60-51-5) 144
Safe Handling and Precautions 144
Dimethyl Adipate (CAS No. 627-93-0) 145
Safe Handling and Precautions 145
Dimethylamine (CAS No. 124-40-3) 146
Safe Handling and Precautions 146
1,4-Dioxane (CAS No. 123-91-1) 147
Safe Handling and Precautions 147
Diphenylamine (CAS No. 122-39-4) 148
Safe Handling and Precautions 148
Disulphoton (CAS No. 298-04-4) 149
Safe Handling and Precautions 149
Diuron (CAS No. 330-54-1) 149
Safe Handling and Precautions 150
Divinyl Benzene (CAS No. 1321-74-0) 150
Safe Handling and Precautions 151
Bibliography 151
7. Hazardous Chemical Substances: E 157
Endosulfan (CAS No. 115-29-7) 157
Safe Handling and Precautions 158
Endosulfan and Human Poisonings 158
Endrin (CAS No. 72-20-8) 159
Safe Handling and Precautions 159
S-Ethyl Dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) (CAS No. 759-94-4) 160
Safe Handling and Precautions 160
Ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5) 161
Safe Handling and Precautions 161
Ethyl Alcohol Completely Denatured (CAS No. Not Applicable to Mixtures) 162
Ethion (CAS No. 563-12-2) 163
Safe Handling and Precautions 163
Ethylbenzol (CAS No. 100-41-4) 164
Safe Handling and Precautions 164
Ethyl Carbamate (CAS No. 51-79-6) 165
Safe Handling and Precautions 165
Ethylene Chlorohydrine (CAS No. 107-07-3) 166
Safe Handling and Precautions 166
xiv Contents
Ethylenediamine (CAS No. 107-15-3) 167
Safe Handling and Precautions 167
Ethylene Dibromide (Dibromoethane) (CAS No. 106-93-4) 168
Safe Handling and Precautions 168
Ethylene Dichloride (CAS No. 107-06-2) 170
Safe Handling and Precautions 170
Ethyleneimine (CAS No. 151-56-4) 171
Safe Handling and Precautions 172
Ethylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-21-8) 172
Safe Handling and Precautions 173
Ethyl Silicate (CAS No. 78-10-4) 174
Safe Handling and Precautions 174
Management of Ethyl Silicate: Display Precautions 175
Bibliography 175
8. Hazardous Chemical Substances: F 181
Famotidine (CAS No. 76824-35-6) 181
Safe Handling and Precautions 182
Fenamiphos (CAS No. 22224-92-6) 182
Safe Handling and Precautions 183
Fenitrothion (CAS No. 122-14-5) 183
Safe Handling and Precautions 184
Fenoxycarb (CAS No. 79127-80-3) 184
Safe Handling and Precautions 185
Fensulphothion (CAS No. 115-90-2) 185
Safe Handling and Precautions 185
Fenthion (CAS No. 55-38-9) 186
Safe Handling and Precautions 186
Fenvalerate (CAS No. 51630-58-1) 186
Safe Handling and Precautions 187
Ferbam (CAS No. 14484-64-1) 187
Safe Handling and Precautions 187
Ferrocene (CAS No. 102-54-5) 188
Safe Handling and Precautions 188
Fipronil (CAS No. 120068-37-3) 189
Safe Handling and Precautions 189
Flocoumafen (CAS No. 90035-08-9) 190
Safe Handling and Precautions 190Fluorine (CAS No. 7782-41-4) 191
Safe Handling and Precautions 191
Alert! Fluorine and Dangers 192
Fluoroacetamide (CAS No. 640-19-7) 192Safe Handling and Precautions 193
Fluorobenzene (CAS No. 462-06-6) 193
Safe Handling and Precautions 194Fluoboric Acid (CAS No. 16872-11-0) 194
Safe Handling and Precautions 194
Contents xv
Fluorosulphuric Acid (CAS No. 7789-21-1) 195
Safe Handling and Precautions 195
Fluvalinate (CAS No. 102851-06-9) 196
Safe Handling and Precautions 196
Folpet (CAS No. 133-07-3) 197
Safe Handling and Precautions 197
Fonophos (CAS No. 944-22-9) 198
Safe Handling and Precautions 198
Formaldehyde (CAS No. 50-0-0) 198
Safe Handling and Precautions 199
Appendix 200
Precautions: Management of Formaldehyde and Simple Safety Precautions 200
Formamide (CAS No. 75-12-7) 201
Safe Handling and Precautions 201
Formic Acid (CAS No. 64-18-6) 201
Safe Handling and Precautions 202
Formonitrile (CAS No. 74-90-8) 202
Furan (CAS No. 110-00-9) 203
Safe Handling and Precautions 203
Furfural (CAS No. 98-01-1) 203
Safe Handling and Precautions 204
Bibliography 204
9. Hazardous Chemical Substances: G 209
Gadolinium (CAS No. 7440-54-2) 209
Safe Handling and Precautions 210
Gadolinium Fluoride (CAS No. 13765-26-9) 210
Gallium (III) Nitrate (CAS No. 69365-72-6) 211
Glass Wool Fibres (Inhalable) 211
Uses of Glass Wool 211
Safe Handling and Precautions 212
Fibre Properties Related to Carcinogenicity 212
Glycol Ethers 213
2-Methoxyethanol (CAS No. 109-86-4) 213
1-Methoxy-2-Propanol (CAS No. 107-98-2) 213
Safe Handling and Precautions 213
2-Methoxy-l-Propanol (CAS No. 1589-47-5) 213
Safe Handling and Precautions 213
2-Butoxyethanol (CAS No. 111-76-2) 214
Safe Handling and Precautions 214
2-Ethoxyethanol (CAS No. 110-80-5) 215
Safe Handling and Precautions 215
Appendix 215
Safety Management of Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether 215
Guthion (CAS No. 86-50-0) 216
Safe Handling and Precautions 216
Bibliography 217
xvj Contents
10. Hazardous Chemical Substances: H 219
Hafnium Oxide (CAS No. 12055-23-1) 219
Safe Handling and Precautions 220
Heptachlor (CAS No. 76-44-8) 220
Safe Handling and Precautions 221
Heptachlor Epoxide (CAS No. 1024-57-3) 221
Hexachlorobenzene (CAS No. 118-74-1) 222
Hexachlorobutadiene (CAS No. 87-68-3) 222
Safe Handling and Precautions 222
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (CAS No. 77-47-4) 223
Safe Handling and Precautions 223
Hydrogen Iodide Anhydrous (CAS No. 10034-85-2) 224
Safe Handling and Precautions 224
Hydrazine (CAS No. 302-01-2) 225
Safe Handling and Precautions 225
Hydrocyanic Acid (CAS No. 74-90-8) 226
Safe Handling and Precautions 226
Bibliography 227
11. Hazardous Chemical Substances: 1 229
Iodine (CAS No. 7553-56-2) 229
Safe Handling and Precautions 230
Iodine Cyanide (Cyanogen Iodide) (CAS No. 506-78-5) 231
Safe Handling and Precautions 231
Iodoethane (CAS No. 75-03-6) 231
Safe Handling and Precautions 232
Iodoform (CAS No. 75-47-8) 232
Safe Handling and Precautions 232
Alert! Warning! 232
Danger/Precautions 233
Iodomethane (CAS No. 74-88-4) 233
Safe Handling and Precautions 233
Bibliography 233
12. Hazardous Chemical Substances: J and K 235
Janus Green B (CAS No. 2869-83-2) 235Safe Handling and Precautions 235
Jemmer Stain (CAS No. 62851-42-7) 235Safe Handling and Precautions 235
Jet Fuel 236
Handling and Precautions 236Jet Fuel 8 (CAS No. 8008-20-6) 236
Jojoba Oil (CAS No. 61789-91-1) 236
Kepone (CAS No. 143-50-0) 237
Safe Handling and Precautions 237
Bibliography 237
Contents xvii
13. Hazardous Chemical Substances: L 239
Lead (CAS No. 7439-92-1) 239
Safe Handling and Precautions 241
Lead and Global Regulations 242
Lead and Renal Disorders 243
Lead Acetate (CAS No. 301-04-2) 244
Safe Handling and Precautions 244
Lead Acetate Trihydrate (CAS No. 6080-56-4) 245
Safe Handling and Precautions 245
Lead Arsenate (CAS No. 7784-40-9) 246
Safe Handling and Precautions 246
Lead Chloride (CAS No. 7758-95-4) 247
Safe Handling and Precautions 247
Lead Fluoride (CAS No. 7783-46-2) 247
Safe Handling and Precautions 248
Lead Iodide (CAS No. 10101-63-0) 248
Safe Handling and Precautions 248
Lead Nitrate (CAS No. 10099-74-8) 249
Safe Handling and Precautions 249
Lead (II) Phosphate (CAS No. 7446-27-7) 250
Lead Stearate (CAS No. 7428-48-0) 250
Safe Handling and Precautions 250
Lead Styphnate (CAS No. 15245-44-0) 250
Safe Handling and Precautions 251
Tetraethyl Lead (CAS No. 78-00-2) 251
Safe Handling and Precautions 252
Tetramethyl Lead (CAS No. 75-74-1) 252
Safe Handling and Precautions 253
Bibliography 253
14. Hazardous Chemical Substances: M 255
Magnesium Phosphide (CAS No. 12057-74-8) 255
Safe Handling and Precautions 256
Precautions and Storage of Magnesium Phosphide 257
Malathion (CAS No. 121-75-5) 257
Safe Handling and Precautions 257
Mercury and Its Compounds 258
Mercury (CAS No. 7439-97-6) 259
Safe Handling and Precautions 259
Mercuric Acetate (CAS No. 1600-27-7) 260
Safe Handling and Precautions 260
Mercuric Chloride (CAS No. 7487-94-7) 260
Safe Handling and Precautions 260
Mercuric (II) Cyanide (CAS No. 592-04-1) 261
Safe Handling and Precautions 261
Mercuric Nitrate (CAS No. 7783-34-8) 262
Safe Handling and Precautions 262
xviiiContents
Mercuric Oxide (CAS No. 21908-53-2) 262
Safe Handling and Precautions 262
Mercuric Sulphate (CAS No. 7783-35-9) 263
Safe Handling and Precautions 263
Mercuric Thiocyanate (CAS No. 592-85-8) 264
Safe Handling and Precautions 264
Mercurous Chloride (CAS No. 0112-91-1) 265
Safe Handling and Precautions 265
Mercurous Nitrate (CAS No. 10415-75-5) 266
Safe Handling and Precautions 266
Aggravation of Pre-Existing Conditions 266
Methane (CAS No. 74-82-8) 266
Safe Handling and Precautions 267
Methamidophos (CAS No. 10265-92-6) 268
Safe Handling and Precautions 269
Methidathion (CAS No. 950-37-8) 269
Safe Handling and Precautions 269
Methoxychlor (CAS No. 72-43-5) 270
Safe Handling and Precautions 270
Methoxychlor and Cancer 270
Methyl Alcohol (CAS No. 67-56-1) 271
Safe Handling and Precautions 271
Methylamine (CAS No. 74-89-5) 271
Safe Handling and Precautions 272
Methyl Bromide (CAS No. 74-83-9) 272
Safe Handling and Precautions 272
Methylene Chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2) 273
Safe Handling and Precautions 273
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (CAS No. 78-93-3) 274
Safe Handling and Precautions 274
Methyl Parathion (CAS No. 298-00-0) 274
Safe Handling and Precautions 275
Methyl Vinyl Ketone (CAS No. 78-94-4) 275
Safe Handling and Precautions 275
Mevinphos (CAS No. 7786-34-7) 276
Safe Handling and Precautions 276
Mirex (CAS No. 2385-85-5) and Chlordecone (CAS No. 143-50-5) 277
Safe Handling and Precautions 277
Molybdenum (CAS No. 7439-98-7) 278
Safe Handling and Precautions 278
Mustard Gas (CAS No. 505-60-2) 279
Chemical Class: Alkylating Agent 279
Safe Handling and Precautions 279
Mustard Gas and Global Wars 280
Bibliography 281
15. Hazardous Chemical Substances: N 285
Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) "Z""ZZ" .'285Safe Handling and Precautions 286
Contents xix
Nickel, Nickel Compounds, and Precautions 286Nickel (Ni) (Metallic) (CAS No. 7440-02-0) 287
Safe Handling and Precautions 287
Nickel Carbonyl (CAS No. 13463-39-3) 288
Safe Handling and Precautions 288Nickel (II) Nitrate Hexahydrate (CAS No. 13478-00-7) 289
Safe Handling and Precautions 289
Nickel Sulphate (CAS No. 7786-81-4) 290
Safe Handling and Precautions 290Nickel (II) Sulphate Hexahydrate (CAS No. 10101-97-0) 290
Nitrogen Mustards: Blister Agents HN-1 (CAS No. HN-1 538-07-8); HN-2
(CAS No. HN-2 51-75-2); HN-3 (CAS No. HN-3 555-77-1) 291
Safe Handling and Precautions 291
Nitroglycerin (CAS No. 55-63-0) 292
Safe Handling and Precautions 292
Precautions: Dangers 293
2-Nitropropane (CAS No. 000 79-46-9) 293
Safe Handling and Precautions 293
Care and Precautions 294
Exposure Limits 294
o-Nitrotoluene (CAS No. 88-72-2) 294
Safe Handling and Precautions 294
Bibliography 294
16. Hazardous Chemical Substances: O 297
Octabenzone (CAS No. 1843-05-6) 297
Safe Handling and Precautions 297
Protection against Fire and Explosion 298
Osmium Tetroxide (CAS No. 20816-12-0) 298
(CAS No. 2497-07-6) 299
Safe Handling and Precautions 299
Signs and Symptoms of Oxydisulphoton Exposure 299
Emergency Life Support Procedures 299
Bibliography 300
17. Hazardous Chemical Substances: P 301Palladium Chloride (CAS No. 7647-10-1) 302
Safe Handling and Precautions 302
Paraffin (CAS No. 8002-74-2) 303Safe Handling and Precautions 303
Paraquat Dichloride (CAS No. 1910-42-5) 303
Safe Handling and Precautions 304
Parathion (Parathion Ethyl) (CAS No. 56-38-2) 305Safe Handling and Precautions 305
Pentaboron Nonahydride (CAS No. 19624-22-7) 306
Safe Handling and Precautions 306
2,2',4,4',5-PentabromodiphenylEther (CAS No. 32534-81-9) 307
Safe Handling and Precautions 307
xxContents
Pentachloroethane (CAS No. 76-01-7) 308
Safe Handling and Precautions 308
Pentachlorophenol (CAS No. 87-86-5) 308
Safe Handling and Precautions 308
n-Pentane (CAS No. 109-66-0) 309
Safe Handling and Precautions 310
Pentanol (CAS No. 71-41-0) 310
Petroleum Ether (CAS No. 8032-32-4) 311
Precautions - Danger! 311
Perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4) 311
Safe Handling and Precautions 312
Phenol (CAS No. 108-95-2) 313
Safe Handling and Precautions 313
Compounds of Phenol 313
Phenosulphonic Acid (CAS No. 1333-39-7) 314
Safe Handling and Precautions 314
Phorate (CAS No. 298-02-2) 315
Safe Handling and Precautions 315
Phosacetim (CAS No. 4104-14-7) 315
Safe Handling and Precautions 316
Phosdrin (CAS No. 7786-34-7) 316
Safe Handling and Precautions 316
Phosfolan (CAS No. 947-02-4) 317
Safe Handling and Precautions 317
Danger and Precautions 317
Phosgene (CAS No. 75-44-5) 318
Safe Handling and Precautions 318
Phosgene Oxime (CAS No. 1794-86-1) 318
Safe Handling and Precautions 319
Phosmet (CAS No. 732-11-6) 319
Safe Handling and Precautions 320
Phosphamidon 320
Mixture of E and Z Isomers (CAS No. 13171-21-6) 320
trans-Isomer/E (CAS No. 297-99-4) 320
cis-Isomer/Z (CAS No. 23783-98-4) 320
Safe Handling and Precautions 321
Phosphine (Hydrogen Phosphide) (CAS No. 7803-51-2) 322
Safe Handling and Precautions 322
Phosphoric Acid (CAS No. 7664-38-2) 323
Safe Handling and Precautions 323
Phosphorus: White Phosphorus (CAS No. 7723-14-0) 323Safe Handling and Precautions 324
Phosphorus Pentachloride (CAS No. 10026-13-8) 324
Safe Handling and Precautions 325
Phosphorus Pentoxide (CAS No. 1314-56-3) 325Safe Handling and Precautions 325
Phosphorus Pentasulphide (CAS No. 1314-80-3) 326Safe Handling and Precautions 327
Contents xxi
Phthalic Anhydride (CAS No. 85-44-9) 327
Safe Handling and Precautions 327
Picloram (CAS No. 1918-02-1) 328
Safe Handling and Precautions 328
Picric Acid (CAS No. 88-89-1) 329
Safe Handling and Precautions 329
Picrotoxin (CAS No. 124-87-8) 331
Safe Handling and Precautions 331
Pirimiphos Methyl (CAS No. 2 9232-93-7) 331
Safe Handling and Precautions 332
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 332
Safe Handling and Precautions 333
Polybrominated Biphenyls 333
Safe Handling and Precautions 334
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (CAS No. 1336-36-3) 334
Aroclor 1232 (CAS No. 11141-16-5); Aroclor 1242 (CAS No. 53469-21-9) 334
Aroclor 1248 (CAS No. 12672-29-6); Aroclor 1254 (CAS No. 11097-69-1) 334
Aroclor 1260 (CAS No. 11096-82-5); Aroclor 1262 (CAS No. 37324-23-5) 334
Aroclor 1268 (CAS No. 11100-14-4) 334
Safe Handling and Precautions 335
Polycyclic Aromatics Hydrocarbons 336
Safe Handling and Precautions 337
Propane (CAS No. 74-98-6) 338
Propetamphos (CAS No. 31218-83-4) 339
Safe Handling and Precautions 339
Propoxur (CAS No. 114-26-1) 339
Safe Handling and Precautions 340
Propylene Imine (CAS No. 75-55-8) 341
Safe Handling and Precautions 342
Propylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-56-9) 342
Safe Handling and Precautions 342
Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids (CAS No. 8003-34-7) 343
Pyrethrum (CAS No. 8003-34-7) 343
Safe Handling and Precautions 343
Bibliography 344
18. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Q 353
Quinalphos (CAS No. 82-68-8) 353
Safe Handling and Precautions 353
Quinone (p-Benzoquinone) (CAS No. 106-51-4) 354
Safe Handling and Precautions 354
Quinoline (CAS No. 91-22-5) 354
Safe Handling and Precautions 355
Quintozene (CAS No. 82-68-8) 356
Safe Handling and Precautions 357
Bibliography 358
xxii Contents
19. Hazardous Chemical Substances: R 359
Reserpine (CAS No. 50-55-5) 359
Safe Handling and Precautions 359
Resorcinol (CAS No. 108-46-3) 360
Safe Handling and Precautions 360
Rhodium Chloride, Trihydrate (CAS No. 13569-65-8) 361
Safe Handling and Precautions 361
Rhodium Sulphate (CAS No. 10489-46-0) 362
Safe Handling and Precautions 362
Alert! Precautions 362
Safe Handling 363
Bibliography 363
20. Hazardous Chemical Substances: S 365
Samarium (CAS No. 7440-19-9) 365
Safe Handling and Precautions 366
Samarium Compounds 366
Samarium (III) Fluoride (CAS No. 13765-24-7) 367
Samarium (III) Nitrate Hexahydrate (CAS No. 13759-83-6) 367
Safe Handling and Precautions 367
Samarium Oxide (CAS No. 12060-58-1) 367
Sarin (CAS No. 107-44-8) 368
Safe Handling and Precautions 368
Selenium (CAS No. 7782-49-2) and Its Compounds 369
Safe Handling and Precautions 369
Selenious Acid (CAS No. 7783-00-8) 370
Safe Handling and Precautions 370
Selenium Chloride (CAS No. 10026-03-6) 371
Safe Handling and Precautions 371
Selenium (IV) Oxide (CAS No. 7446-08-4) 371
Safe Handling and Precautions 371
Selenium Sulphide (CAS No. 7446-34-6) 372Safe Handling and Precautions 372
Styrene (CAS No. 100-42-5) 373
Safe Handling and Precautions 373
Sulphur Dioxide (CAS No. 7446-09-5) 374
Uses and Exposures 374
Safe Handling and Precautions 374
Sulphur Dioxide and Cancer 375
Bibliography 375
21. Hazardous Chemical Substances: T 377
Terbufos (CAS No. 13071-79-9) 377
Safe Handling and Precautions 378
Tetrachloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4) 378
Safe Handling and Precautions 379
Tetrahydrofuran (CAS No. 109-99-9) 379Safe Handling and Precautions 379
Contents xxiii
Thallium (Soluble Compounds) (CAS No. 7440-28-0) 380
Safe Handling and Precautions 380
Thallium Bromide (CAS No. 7789-40-4) 382
Thallium Iodide (CAS No. 7790-30-9) 382
Safe Handling and Precautions 382
Thallium Nitrate (CAS No. 10102-45-1) 382
Thallium Oxide (CAS No. 1314-32-5) 382
Safe Handling and Precautions 383
Thiodicarb (CAS No. 59669-2600) 383
Safe Handling and Precautions 383
Thiourea (CAS No. 62-56-6) 384
Safe Handling and Precautions 384
Thiram (CAS No. 137-26-8) 384
Safe Handling and Precautions 385
Thorium (CAS No. 7440-29-1) 385
Safe Handling and Precautions 386
Thorium Nitrate Anhydrous (CAS No. 13823-29-5) 387
Safe Handling and Precautions 387
Tin and Its Compounds 388
Safe Handling and Precautions 388
Tin (IV) Chloride (CAS No. 7646-78-8) 389
Safe Handling and Precautions 389
Tin Organic Compounds as Sn 390
Tin Oxide (CAS No. 21651-19-4) 391
Safe Handling and Precautions 391
Toluene (Technical) (CAS No. 108-88-3) 391
Safe Handling and Precautions 392
Tributyl Phosphate (CAS No. 126-73-8) 392
Safe Handling and Precautions 393
Tributyltin Oxide (CAS No. 56-35-9) 393
Safe Handling and Precautions 393
Trichloroethylene (Technical) (CAS No. 79-01-6) 395
Safe Handling and Precautions 395
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (CAS No. 96-18-4) 396
Safe Handling and Precautions 396
Triethanolamine (CAS No. 102-71-6) 396
Safe Handling and Precautions 397
Triforine (CAS No. 26644-46-2) 397
Safe Handling and Precautions 397
Trinitrotoluene (CAS No. 118-96-7) 398
Safe Handling and Precautions 398
Triphenyl Phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6) 399
Safe Handling and Precautions 399
Trisodium Phosphate (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 7601-54-9) 399
Safe Handling and Precautions 400
Trisodium Phosphate (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 7601-54-9) 400
Safe Handling and Precautions 400
Bibliography 401
xxiv Contents
22. Hazardous Chemical Substances: U 405
Uracil Mustard (CAS No. 66-75-1) 405
Safe Handling and Precautions 405
Uranium (CAS No. 7440-61-1) 406
Safe Handling and Precautions 407
Urethane (Ethyl Carbamate) (CAS No. 51-79-6) 407
Bibliography 407
23. Hazardous Chemical Substances: V 409
Vanadium Pentoxide (CAS No. 1314-62-1) 409
Safe Handling and Precautions 409
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (CAS No. 108-05-4) 410
Safe Handling and Precautions 410
Vinyl Chloride (CAS No. 75-01-4) 411
Safe Handling and Precautions 411
Bibliography 412
24. Hazardous Chemical Substances: W 413
Warfarin (CAS No. 81-81-2) 413
Safe Handling and Precautions 414
Welding Fumes (NOC: Not Otherwise Classified) 414
Safe Handling and Precautions 415
Wood Dust (Certain Hardwoods as Beech and Oak) 416
Safe Handling Precautions 416
Bibliography 417
25. Hazardous Chemical Substances: X 419
Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7) 419
Safe Handling and Precautions 419
Bibliography 420
26. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Y 421
Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (CAS No. 107539-20-8) 421
Ytterbium (III) Chloride Hexahydrate (CAS No. 10035-01-5) 421
Yttrium Fluoride (CAS No. 13709-49-4) 422
Ytterbium (III) Oxide (CAS No. 1314-37-0) 422
27. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Z 423
Zinc (CAS No. 7440-66-6) 423
Safe Handling and Precautions 423
Zinc Compounds 424
Zinc Chloride Anhydrous (CAS No. 7646-85-7) 424
Safe Handling and Precautions 424
Zinc Oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2) 425
Safe Handling and Precautions 426
Zinc Phosphide (CAS No. 1314-84-7) 426
Safe Handling and Precautions 426
Contents xxv
Zineb (CAS No. 12122-67-7) 427
Safe Handling and Precautions 427
Ziram (CAS No. 137-30-4) 428
Safe Handling and Precautions 428
Bibliography 429
28. Hazardous Chemical Substances and Ocular Disorders (Injuries to Eyes):Perspectives and Scenarios 431
Praveen Murthy and T.S.S. Dikshith
Introduction 431
Types of Eye Injuries 433
Hazardous Chemicals 434
Alkaline Compounds 434
Asbestos 434
Hazardous Chemicals and Eye Burn 435
Causes of Eye Pain Include Ocular Pain and Orbital Pain 435
Chemical Burns 435
Corneal Abrasion 435
Chemical Substances and Eye Protection 437
Acids 437
Standard Operating Procedures 437
Different Kinds of Eye Protection Equipment 439
Bibliography 444
29. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Global Regulations 445
Introduction 445
Chemical Substances, Global Regulatory Systems, and Regulations 445
Global Regulatory Agencies 446
Global Chemical Production 446
Argentina 446
Brazil 447
Canada 447
Chile 448
Mexico 448
United States 449
Asian Countries 450
China 450
India 450
Republic of Korea 451
Singapore 451
Taiwan 451
Sri Lanka 452
Thailand 452
Europe 452
Belgium 453
Germany 454
The Netherlands 454
The United Kingdom 454
xxvi Contents
Process Safety Management System 455
Workplace Monitoring and Follow-Up Actions 459
Bibliography 460
30. Hazardous Chemical Substances and Safety Management System 461
Introduction 461
Workplace Safety 462
Safety Management Systems: Workplace Inspections and Monitoring 463
Purpose 463
Chemical Inventory 464
Workplace Exposures to Hazardous Chemical Substances 464
Workplace Inspection Principles 465
What Should the Final Inspection/Auditor's Report Have in It? 466
Follow-Up Steps of Workplace Regular Inspections: Monitoring 466
Inspection Information Requirements 467
Hazardous Chemical Substances: Handling and Precautions 467
Safety Precautions 467
Glossary 471
Index 617