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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION,
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK CONTROL
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OBJECTIVE
To identify types of Hazard in work areaTo make Risk AssessmentsTo suggest Risk Controls to
OrganizationTo implementing Risk ControlsTo review Risk Controls
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HIRARC
LEGALACCIDENT &NEAR MISSES
FEEDBACK &COMPLAIN INSPECTION
& AUDIT
SOPINTERNAL AUDIT POLICY SAFETY
COMMITTEE
TRANING
ERP
MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
HIRARC -Planning & Implementation
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OSH-MS (MS 1722:2003)
PolicyOrganizingPlanning And ImplementationMeasuring PerformanceAction for Improvement
Key Elements
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Why We Need OSH-MS
Our Organization to be No. 1Increase “Return of Investment”
- employees, money , time…..Safe work place
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How To Start
Organization should have visionCommitment from management
- right people
- resource
- time
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Should have internal audit Management committee to review reports External audit Specific organization policy- hazard specific Employee’s participation - meeting, training Safety as basic training
How To Start
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Why conduct a risk assessment
Human factors–save life, stop workplace injures, illnesses and increase staff morale.
Legal factors–meet legislative requirements, OHS&W and WorkCover.
Financial factors–decrease the risk of prosecution and fines incurred, lower WorkCoverlevies, reduce absenteeism, increase potential for gaining shareholders and increase productivity.
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Hazard Management Process
Identify the hazards
Assess the risks
Evaluate risks
Control the risks
Monitor and review
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Introduction to HIRARC
Principles used in workplace to manage safety and health.
Section 15 (2)(a) of OSHA 1994:
which reads “ the provision and maintenance of plants and systems of work that are,so far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health”
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DefinitionHazard
A source or a situation with a potential for harm to humans, property and damage of environment or a combination of these.
Danger
Relative exposure to hazard.Risk
A combination of likelihood of occurrence and severity of injury or damage.
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Overview Of HIRARC
Definition of HazardsClassification of HazardsPotential sources of HazardsBasic components of Risk Management
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The Process of Risk Management
Classify Activities(Work, Product, Services)
Identify Hazard
Assess The Risk
Risk Control
Review Risk Control
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Classification & Potential Sources of Hazards
Classification Example of Hazards Mechanical - Sharp points & edges, overload. Electrical - Insulation damaged or cover broken Biological - Exposed, airborne/blood borne microorganism. Chemical - Expose to carcinogens chemical Ergonomics - Expose to unnatural postures Psychological- Stress or violent at workplace.
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WORK ENVIRONMENT
Adequate Access Refers to adequate access to, from and within the workplace
Air Conditioning Refers to uncontaminated air in the work space
Confined Spaces Means enclosed work space where people do not normally work (defined in standards)
Temperature Extremes: a) Heat This includes contact with hot objects, hyperthermia, fire (Not explosions) b) Cold This includes contact with cold objects and hypothermia
Lighting Refers to adequate illumination for the particular work being done
Mental Stress Includes bullying, workplace violence, shift work, excessive work loads
Dehydration Adequate water supply for the individuals while working
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ENERGY
Electrical Includes contact with exposed wires and contact with high voltage
Gravity Includes falls, trips and slips of persons as well as objects falling, working at
heightsKinetic Energy:
a) The body hitting objects Hitting objects with part of the body b) Hit by moving objects Being hit by moving objects but excluding falling
objects c) Explosion An explosion may also include heat as a hazard d) Penetrating objects This includes all objects that can penetrate including
needlesVibration
Includes vibration to parts or to the whole bodyAcoustic/Noise
Includes exposure to single, sudden sound or long term exposurePressure
Pressure in hydraulic and pneumatic systems
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BIOLOGICAL
Biological /Microbiological Includes bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic
or human/animal tissue/fluids blood products
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MECHANICAL
Vehicles Being caught between, struck by or against vehicles (includes fork lifts)
Mobile and Fixed Plant Being caught between, struck by or against plant
(defined in legislation)Powered Equipment
Includes electrical or fuel powered equipment, tools and appliances
Non-Powered Equipment Includes non-powered hand tools, appliances and
equipment
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CHEMICAL
Flammable Refers to chemicals which burn
Corrosive Refers to chemicals which will corrode tissue or metals
Toxic Refers to chemicals which will poison a worker
Oxidizers Refers to chemicals which will provide oxygen to a fire, or
react readily
Compressed Gases Refers to gases which under high pressure
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Hazard Identification
To keep workplace safe and healthy.-employers should make sure there are no hazards to which employees could be exposed.
Employers should look for hazards in advanceas part of their risk management plan to prevent potential hazards.
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Actions & Recommendations
All related statements should be made
With no cost restrainsShould be reviewed every 4 monthsNeed management support
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Risk Assessment
Is the process of evaluating the risk to safety & health from hazards at work
Types- Qualitative- Semi-quantitative- Quantitative
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How To Assess Risk
1) Look for the Hazards
2) Decide who might be harmed & how
3) Evaluate the risk and check what is
done to prevent it from happening• 4) Record finding• 5) Review assessment and revise it
if necessary
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Types of Risk Assessment
Qualitative - (Use Risk Matrix)
-table scales for likelihood and severity
• Fatality• Major injuries• Minor injuries• First aid or near misses
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Types of Risk Assessment
Based on statistic
LikelihoodVery likelyLikelyUnlikelyHighly Unlikely
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Qualitative Risk Table
Severity
Likelihood
V/Likely Likely Unlikely H/Unlikely
Fatality High High High Medium
Major Injuries
High High Medium Medium
Minor Injuries
High Medium Medium Low
First Aid/
N/misses
Medium Medium Low Low
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Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
Severity Categories
1. First Aid
2. Less than 4 days M/C
3. More than 4 days M/C
4. Fatality & Permanent Disability
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Semi-Quantitative Risk Assessment
Likelihood Occurrence
1. Yearly
2. Monthly
3. Weekly
4. Daily
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Semi-Quantitative Risk Table
LIKELIHOOD
S
E
V
E
R
I
T
y
Yearly Monthly Weekly Daily
1 2 3 4
First Aid 1 1 2 3 4
< 4 Days MC 2 2 4 6 8
> 4 Days MC 3 3 6 9 12
Fatality & Permanent Disability
4 4 8 12 16
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Quantitative Risk Assessment
In cases where hazards are numerous and complex
eg; Chemical process plant
Should have Job Safety Analysis (JSA)- describe job in less than 10 steps- List things that can go wrong
- eg; Changing a Car Wheel
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Actions & Recommendations
EL- EliminateSL- SubstituteIS- IsolationEC- Engineering ControlAC - Administration ControlPPE- Personal Protection
Equipment
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Actions & Recommendations
Eg;
EL - stop work, cover hazard…
SL - use other route, other material..
IS - put up temporary barrier,…
EC - construct permanent wall,..
AC - put up notice, job rotation,…
PPE - gloves, respirator,……
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Thank You