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Happy People, Healthy Places Designing and Implementing Open Space Florida APA, Tampa September 8, 2016
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Presenters
Max Wemyss, MURP Planning Assistant
Natasha Alfonso-Ahmed, M.Arch Urban Design and Planning
Director
Kayla DiCristina, BURP 2017 Planning Intern
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Introduction
In this session you will learn… • Comprehensive Approach • Multi Disciplinary Team • Planner’s Role and Resources
Designing and Implementing Open Space
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Presentation Overview
I. Benefits of Public Open Spaces
II. Implementation Strategies
III. Case Studies
IV. Planner Toolkit
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What is Open Space?
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Open space…
Forsyth Park; Savannah, GA
• Lacks a consistent definition. • Is undeveloped or lightly
developed. • Can be public or Publicly
accessible. • Comes in different forms.
• Creates identity.
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Public Versus Publicly Accessible
Public Publicly Accessible
Open and accessible to public. Open and accessibly to public through an easement and/or
agreement. Managed and owned by a public
entity. Managed and/or owned by a private entity, but can also be
owned by a public entity.
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I. Benefits of Open Space Economic, Health, Environmental, and Community
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Economic Benefits
• Increased residential and commercial property values. • Open space finances itself. • Increase and retention of new businesses. • Increased revenue from tourism. • Reduced cost of drinking water. • Reduced air and water pollution mitigation
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Health Benefits
• Promote physical activity. • Improve health. • Improve psychological well-being. • Improvement in brain development in children. • Provide people contact with nature.
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Environmental Benefits
• Air and water pollution abatement. • Cooling and mitigating urban heat island effect. • Control storm water runoff.
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Community Benefits
• Reduces crime. • Creates strong social and community ties. • Protects pedestrians.
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II. Implementation Strategies How does open space need to be implemented to
be effective?
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Analysis
• When is it a good time to create an open space?
• What areas are best suited for an open space?
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Goals and Vision
• How do we make people want to come to the area? How do we make them stay?
• What is the ideal public space for the community?
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Comprehensive Approach
ü Design & Programming ü Governance ü Regulations ü Funding ü Public Involvement
• What is your strategy?
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Effective Design
Effective programming
Characteristics of Good Public Space 1. Promote human contact and socialization. 2. Safe, welcoming, and accommodating. 3. Visually interesting. 4. Promotes community involvement 5. Reflects local culture and history. 6. Relates well to adjacent uses (adequate
frontage) 7. Well maintained. 8. Unique space. 9. Amenities with pedestrians in mind both inside space and surroundings.
+
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Governance
Obtainment Management Purchasing Public-Private Partnerships
Easements Government Agencies
Eminent Domain Private Agencies
Gifts/Donations
Master Plan Requirements
Previously existing
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Regulations
• Strategies depend on the opportunities or obstacles
ü Design standards ü Code requirements ü Incentives ü Coordination with private developers
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Funding Government/
Non-profit
Grants/Bonds
Taxing Districts
Budget Allocation
Trusts/Funds
Private
Increased Development Rights
Regulations
Tax Incentives
Land Leases
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Public Involvement
• How will this public space affect a community?
• Who benefits and who does not?
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III. Case Studies A. Public Development
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Public Development
Case Study Location
Bryant Park New York City, NY
Greenway Boulder, CO
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Bryant Park New York City, NY General Information
• 9.6 acres. Size
• Single. Parcels
• Public park and public square.
Type
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Bryant Park New York City, NY
• Agreement with NYC. Obtainment
• Grant. • Assessments. Funding
• Private-Public Partnership Management
• The 1985 Agreement between BPC and NYC.
Regulations
Implementation
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Bryant Park New York City, NY
Physical and psychological benefits.
Development of a strong sense of community.
Crime reduction.
Increase in commercial property rents and property values.
Benefits
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Greenway Boulder, CO
• 17 miles Size
• Multiple Parcels
• Trail System Type
General Information
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Greenway Boulder, CO
• Open Space Program. Obtainment
• Bond • CIP through
budget allocation
Funding
• Public works Management
• The Greenways Master Plan, 2011
Regulations
Implementation
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Greenway Boulder, CO
Benefits
Increased multi-modal
transportation.
Increased adjacent property values and taxes.
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III. Case Studies B. Publicly Accessible Development
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Publicly Accessible Development
Case Study Location
Malibu Public Beaches Malibu, CA
One North PDX Portland, OR
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Malibu Public Beaches Malibu, CA
• 20 miles Size
• Multiple Parcels
• Public beach with Publicly accessible access points
Type
General Information
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Malibu Public Beaches Malibu, CA
• Easements Obtainment
• Publicly funded. Funding
• Private-public partnership Management
• California Coastal Act • California Constitution Regulations
Implementation
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Malibu Public Beaches Malibu, CA
Increased revenue.
Increased accessibility.
Benefits
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One North PDX Portland, OR
• 14,000 sq. ft. Size
• Single Parcels
• Public courtyard and pocket park
Type
General Information
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One North PDX Portland, OR
• Purchased Obtainment
• Loan • Grant Funding
• Private Developer Management
• Albina Community Plan • Metro Government Grant
Program • Portland Bureau of
Transportation
Regulations
Implementation
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One North PDX Portland, OR
Increased property values.
Created a public space with no cost to the public.
Increased opportunity for multi-modal transportation.
Benefits
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IV. Planner Toolkit
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Regulating Strategies
Case Study Location
Downtown Pompano TOC Pompano Beach, FL
Downtown N. Miami Beach N. Miami Beach, FL
Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
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Downtown Pompano TOC Pompano Beach, FL
Bus Transit Center FEC Rail Station
Civic Campus
Old Pompano MLK Neighborhood
• Approximately 289 acres
• Managed by CRA
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Downtown Pompano TOC Pompano Beach, FL
Land Analysis:
• Nearly 80% of Land in TOC is Vacant
• Approximately50% of which is government owned
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Downtown Pompano TOC Pompano Beach, FL
Vision Plan: • Parcel design
and capacity analysis
• Desired development around the open spaces
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Downtown Pompano TOD Pompano Beach, FL
Neighborhood Structure: • Based on ¼
mile radius (5 minute walk threshold)
• Neighborhood centers (open spaces)
• Neighborhood edges
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Public Open Space & Greenways Regulating Plan • Identified
location and minimum size of required new public open spaces and greenways
Downtown Pompano TOD Pompano Beach, FL
Open Spaces: Required Greenways: Required
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• Greens • Plazas • Squares • Greenway System
Open Space Types
• Height Bonuses • Density Bonuses
Development Incentives
Downtown Pompano TOC Pompano Beach, FL
Public Open Space & Greenways Standards:
• Bonus Provisions for properties developing Public Open Spaces and greenways: • two extra stories of height and additional 20
units/acre • CRA has land for leverage
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Downtown Pompano TOC Pompano Beach, FL
Public Open Space & Greenways Standards:
• Developed and maintained in perpetuity
• Off-street parking not required
• Shall be provided at grade level
• Shall be shaded, and ground surface shall be a combination of paving materials, lawn, or ground cover
Green: Forsyth Park Savannah, GA
Square: Savannah, GA
Plaza: Union Square San Francisco, CA
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Downtown Pompano TOC
Control and predictable outcomes
Comprehensive planning
Large land assemblage and government ownership
Overview
Ali Building Passageway
3
12
Old Pompano Plaza 731 Building Passageway
1
2 3
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Downtown N. Miami Beach N. Miami Beach, FL
• Approximately 150 acres
• Nearly 95% of land in Core area is built out
• 100% privately owned
• Managed by CRA
FEC Rail Station
Municipal Complex
Employment Center District
Downtown Core
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Bisc
ayne
Blvd
163rd Street
1
N
Key: 1. Transit Stop/Kiss and
Ride Plaza 2. Park and Ride/Bus
Transit/Mixed Use 3. Plaza
164th Street
19th
Ave
nue
21st A
venu
e
W. D
ixie H
wy.
FEC
2
3 3
Arterials Local Roads Greenways Open Space Blueways
Vision Plan: • Parcel design and
capacity analysis
• Desired development around the open spaces
Downtown N. Miami Beach N. Miami Beach, FL
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Downtown N. Miami Beach N. Miami Beach, FL
Publicly Accessible Open Space & Greenways Regulating Plan • Identified location
and minimum size of potential new publicly accessible open spaces and required greenways
Open Spaces: Optional Greenways: Required
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• Greens • Plazas • Squares • Greenway and Blueway System
Open Space Types
• Increased Density and Height (As of right)
• CRA Tax Increment Rebate
Development Incentives
Public Open Space & Greenways Standards:
Downtown N. Miami Beach N. Miami Beach, FL
• Tax increment rebate may be granted for the development and maintenance of the open spaces and greenways and/or contribution to the Public Open Space Fund (for City parks in district, Snake Creek Canal beautification etc.)
• CRA does NOT have land for leverage
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Publicly Accessible Open Space & Greenways Standards:
• Developed and maintained in perpetuity
• Off-street parking not required
• Shall be provided at grade level and accessible to public (easements)
• Shall be shaded, and ground surface shall be a combination of paving materials, lawn, or ground cover.
Snake Creek Canal Blueway
Downtown N. Miami Beach N. Miami Beach, FL
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Downtown North Miami Beach
Redevelopment
Increased Development Rights/Incentives
NO land assemblage and government ownership
Overview
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Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
• Approximately 30 acres
• Suburban neighborhood commercial center
• 100% privately owned (single owner)
• NOT in CRA
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55
Loading and service areas
Lake
Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
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Arterials Local Roads Open Space Blueway
Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
Vision Plan: • Parcel design and capacity analysis
• Desired development around the open spaces
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Publicly Accessible Open Space & Greenways Regulating Plan • Identified location and minimum
size of required new publicly accessible open spaces and greenways
Open Spaces: Required Blueways: Required
Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
Existing Tot Lot Area: 5800 sf Required Neighborhood Public Park Area: 65,000 sf Required Waterfront Public Open Space Area: 137,965 sf Other Required Public Open Space Area (Plazas etc.): 73,965 sf Total Required Public Open Space Area: 276,930 sf (6.3 acres)
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• Greens • Plazas • Squares • Greenway and Blueway System
Open Space Types
• Increased Density and Height (As of right)
• Development Approval Conditions
Development Incentives
Public Open Space & Greenways Standards:
• To encourage redevelopment and improvement of the commercial center, City initiated a land use and zoning amendment to increase height and density
• To balance developer expectations and needs of the community City established Development Approval Conditions for public benefits
Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
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Developmental Approval Conditions
Shall relocate, rebuild, improve, or otherwise enhance existing fire rescue stations on site.
Shall provide police substation on site.
Shall develop and maintain a minimum of six acres of Publicly accessible open space, of which, 65,000 sf shall be a neighborhood park.
Shall develop and maintain a Publicly accessible waterfront promenade with multiple access points.
Shall provide streetscape improvements within the district.
Mixed-Use Waterfront District N. Miami Beach, FL
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Summary
• Open Spaces provide many benefits.
• To implement requires a comprehensive approach and a multi disciplinary team.
• Approach must be tailored based on unique characteristics of the community.
• Planner’s key role: PLAN first, coordinate, facilitate, incentivize and regulate.
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www.rma.us.com
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Happy People, Healthy Places Designing and Implementing Open Space Max Wemyss; [email protected] Kayla DiCristina; [email protected] Natasha Alfonso-Ahmed; [email protected]
rma.us.com