Download - Haiti under French Rule
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Haiti under French Rule
Haiti before and during the Haitian Revolution
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Haiti’s origins
• Known as Saint Domingue• The whole island, known as
Hispaniola, was settled by the Spanish in the late 1400s.• The French convinced pirates to
settle there and start sugar plantations as a way of making money
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Plantations• The sugar plantations made Haiti
the most profitable and valuable colony!• It produced 40% of Europe’s
sugar and 60% of Europe’s coffee• Had the second highest
concentration of slaves• African slaves made up about
90% of Haiti’s population in the early 1800s.
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Social System
White Planters – owned plantations and slaves
Wealthy free people of color – 24,800 in the late 1700s. Served in the militia, owned plantations
Poor Whites – artisans, laborers
Slaves
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Change in France
• King Louis XVI (who you remember had his head chopped off) abolished slavery
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Independence from France?
• White planters want independence from France so they can create a democracy and govern Saint Domingue• May 1791, National Assembly gives French
citizenship to all free men of color in Haiti• August 1791 – slave revolt breaks out in Saint
Domingue
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Toussaint Louverture
• One of the leaders of the slave revolt.• France was now fighting the Spanish,
English, and slaves in Haiti…• Feb 4 1794 – France frees the slaves• Freedom and French citizenship for
every slave in Haiti…until Napoleon
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Napoleon reinstates slavery
• To fund his wars, Napoleon looks to the profitable and valuable Saint Domingue for money• Best way to make a profit? Had slaves
work on plantations.• Napoleon reinstates slavery.• Toussaint Louverture arrested and
sent to France, dies in prison
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Napoleon gives up
• The Haitians destroyed the French troops stationed on the island, so Napoleon calls the surviving troops back• Saint Domingue declared independent, renamed to Haiti
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Why is Haiti important?
1. Second free country in the Americas (after the United States)
2. One of the most successful slave revolts EVER.3. First modern nation to be governed by people of
African descent4. Destroyed Napoleon’s attempts at building a
global empire
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Crash Course Video
https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/crash-course1/crash-course-world-history/you-aint-the-boss-of-me/v/crash-course-world-history-30