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LeukemiaBy: Dimple Patel
Thesis STATEMENT
• Though the cause of leukemia is still unknown, with new research and technology, many leukemia victims are surviving longer and are healthier than ever before.
What is leukemia?
• Leukemia is a type of cancer that occurs in blood forming tissues, such as the bone marrow and the lymphatic system.
• This cancer starts in the white blood cells
• The word “leuk” means white in Greek
• www.uiowa.edu/~cemrf/archive/sem/large/
Silverstein, Alvin, Virginia Silverstein, and Laura Silverstein Nunn.
General information
•The body has three different types of cells• Red blood cells• White Blood cells• Platelets
Red blood cells.http://www.flickr.com/photos/soulundone/
3272901942/(Silverstein)
Causes and Risk Factors
• Not known exactly• Abnormal
chromosomes• Myelodysplasia
• Environmental factors
• Pollution
• Household chemicals
• Benzene and petroleum containing products
• “few studies have examined the association between home use of solvents and the risk of childhood leukemia.”
• Results: “ALL risk was significantly associated with paint exposure.”
(Scelo, Ghislaine)( 133-139)
Causes Cont’d
•Exposure to radiation and certain chemicals
•Genetics
•Cancer therapy• This is a rare and unfortunate risk , but it is
certainly possible
• Scelo, 133-139.
Symptoms
• Fever and chills
• Frequent infections
• Loss of appetite
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Enlarged liver or spleen
• Shortness of breath
• Petechaie • Tiny red spots on the
skin
• Bruising and bleeding very easily
• Pain in the bones
• Lots of sweating, mainly at night.
(Ball, Edward D, and Gregory A Lelek)
When to find medical advice
•When common symptoms start to show more frequently and do not go away
•May want to see your family doctor or oncologist
(Ball, Edward D, and Gregory A Lelek)
Tests
•Physical exam
•Blood Tests
•Immunophenotype
•Cytogenetic analysis
•Bone marrow samples
Progression of Leukemia
•Chronic leukemia
•Acute leukemia
(Silverstein)
Which cells are affected?
•Lymphocytic leukemia
•Myelogenous leukemia
Silverstein, Alvin, Virginia Silverstein, and Laura Silverstein Nunn.
TYPES OF Leukemia
•Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
•Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
•Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
•Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
(Belson, Martin, Beverely Kingsley, and Adrianne Holmes) : p.138-145
Influences of Treatments
•Based on the type of leukemia• Present in cerebrospinal fluid• Treated before?• Features of leukemia cells• Patients symptoms and health
(Ball, Edward D, and Gregory A Lelek)
Leukemia & chemotherapy
• Single drug or combination of two or more drugs
• Can be given by• Mouth• Injection into vein• Catheter• Inject directly into
cerebrospinal fluid• Inject straight into
spine
(Silverstein)
worldofcure.com
Leukemia & radiation therapy
Radiation therapy
high energy rays kills cancer cells
Large machine
rays are directed at body part
There are side effects to this treatment!
http://www.ottawahospital.on.ca/sc/cancer/img/linac2.jpg
(Silverstein)
Bone marrow transplant
•Replaces abnormal stem cells
•High doses of chemo and radiation destroy bone marrowhttp://www.adventisthealthcare.com/adam/graphics/images/en/12665.jpg
Silverstein, Alvin, Virginia Silverstein, and Laura Silverstein Nunn.
Living With Leukemia
•Challenging
•Support groups
•Depression
•Financial tensions
•Worrying about family
Apel
Support
•The American Cancer Society
American Cancer Society
Children With Leukemia
• Each year about 2000 children in the United States are diagnosed with Leukemia.
• Two main types of leukemia in children• Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia (ALL)• Acute Myelogenous
Leukemia (AML)
(Insert picture here)
Belson, Martin, Beverely Kingsley, and Adrianne Holmes.
Children with leukemia Cont’d
•Childhood (ALL) risk factors• Sibling with leukemia• Caucasian or Hispanic• Exposed to radiation
(Picture goes here)
Belson, Martin, Beverely Kingsley, and Adrianne Holmes.
Symptoms of childhood leukemia
•Looks pale•Feel weak and tired•Bleed or bruise very easily•Fever•Fatigue•Frequent infections•Painless blue or purple lumps in neck, underarm, stomach or groin area
Belson, Martin, Beverely Kingsley, and Adrianne Holmes.
PBSC
• Type of a treatment:• Peripheral Blood Stem Cell
(Preidt)
(Picture goes here)
RESEARCH
•Living longer
•Patients that are treated with transplants
(Picture goes here)
(Preidt)
High risk jobs
Risky jobs that may cause Acute myelogenous leukemia
(insert picture here)
Side effects of Treatments
•Chemotherapy
•Radiation
Side effects of Transplants
GCHD(Graft
versus host disease)
• Insert picture here
.Ball, Edward D, and Gregory A Lelek
Follow Up
The aftermath of the treatment
.Ball, Edward D, and Gregory A Lelek
Look Good…Feel Better
•“The latest cancer treatments aren’t always prescribed by doctors”
CTFA foundation
HOMe Treatment
•Helping yourself at home to make yourself healthier and better
(insert picture here)
Bets Davis
Emotions
•Thinking about death
•Your life is not over
Insert picture here
Bets Davis
Hospitals in our area treating
leukemia
• University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center
• Thomas Jefferson Kimmel Cancer Center
• Wistar Institute cancer Center of Philadelphia.
Mercy Suburban Cancer Center