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70 pt
CAPITALS
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minimum 30 pt
Guest Lecture TDDD07 Real-Time Systems
Real world Real-Time Beautiful Real-Time
Patrik Sandahl, Ericsson
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44 pt
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minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Ericsson
› Real World Real-Time
– Separate real-time and throughput oriented workloads
› Beautiful Real-Time
› Lessons learned
Outline
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44 pt
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Not making phones anymore, but everything else in mobile
networks
› Main business at Ericsson in Linköping is related to 2G
(GSM) and 4G (LTE).
› Most Ericsson equipment contain a fair amount of real-
time.
Ericsson
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44 pt
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Real-time workloads often react on events.
– E.g. timers, internal messages or network traffic.
› Real-time workloads often show concurrency.
– E.g. a mobile radio network serving several users at the same time.
Real-Time Workloads
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44 pt
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Throughput workloads often react on events.
– E.g. timers, internal messages or network traffic.
› Throughput workloads often show concurrency.
– E.g. a mobile radio network serving several users at the same time.
Throughput Workloads
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44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Real-time applications must produce its result within time.
– The right answer given at the wrong time is a wrong answer.
› Throughput oriented applications often care about time too.
But much more relaxed, e.g.:
– 97.5 percent of the requests should be handled in less than 100 ms.
– A late answer is just a late answer, not a wrong answer.
So, what’s the difference?
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44 pt
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› In the real world, a system often is built up of both real-time
and throughput oriented workloads.
› One particular challenge is to correctly identify different
types of workloads and make sure that they can’t interfere
in bad ways.
Real World Real-Time
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44 pt
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Throughput oriented workloads prefer a lot of dynamic
rubber bands in order to fully utilize work units.
– Buffers.
– Caches.
– Laziness.
– Reordering.
– Speculation.
› Real-time oriented workloads really hate all the above as it
gives unpredictability.
Different Preferences
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Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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› Massive simulation of LTE UEs (think: 4G smartphones).
– The purpose is testing of LTE base stations.
› The simulator is implementing the LTE network stack from
(almost) antenna interface up to TCP/IP.
› The parts of the LTE network stack close to the antenna
must be tightly synchronized with the timings for the
antennas.
– The antennas work with timeslots called “subframes”. Each
subframe is 1 ms.
› Other parts of the LTE network stack are more throughput
oriented.
Case study
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44 pt
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Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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LTE Ue – subframe synchronization
DL-data or UL-grant received at time ‘t’ DL-ACK or UL-data “on air” at time ‘t+4’
Period for matching UL (from UE to base station) and DL (from base station to UE)
1 ms 1 ms Must match the millisecond subframe
exactly at both “read” and “write”
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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LTE Ue stack
MAC
PHY
RLC
PDCP
IP
Synchronized with subframes
at downlink
Synchronized with subframes on uplink
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Legend – UE DL
RLC: Throughput workload, less time-critical
MAC: Highly time-critical
PHY: Highly time-critical
Completely failed subframe
Processing started late. Time constraints met
Completely successful subframe
Time trigger for subframe – should be close to start
Control returned to the timer event handler
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Tight coupling Real-Time <=> Throughput
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Loose Coupling Real-Time <=> Throughput
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Lessons Learned
› Identify what parts of your system that are real-time, and
what parts that are throughput oriented.
› Make sure that those parts are loosely coupled, otherwise
the throughput oriented stuff will destroy your real-time.
– Message passing is a nice tool for loose coupling.
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Beautiful Real-Time
› Does it matter if a program is “beautiful” or not?
› What do YOU think?
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Accidental Complexity
› Accidental (or incidental) complexity is complexity that arises in
computer programs or their development process which is non-
essential to the problem to be solved. While essential complexity is
inherent and unavoidable, accidental complexity is caused by the
approach chosen to solve the problem.
Accidental complexity is to be minimized in any good architecture,
design, and implementation; excessive accidental complexity is an
example of an anti-pattern.
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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Accidental Complexity
› Many real-time programs – as well as throughput oriented
programs – often are concurrent, asynchronous and event
driven.
› But the most of the tools and languages used for software
development is best suited for sequential, synchronous and
batch oriented tasks.
› This is a major source of accidental complexity.
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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text in the footer area Ericsson Real-Time | Public | © Ericsson AB 2014 | 2014-12-08 | Page 19
fs.readdir(source,function(err, files) {
if (err) {
console.log('Error finding files: ' + err)
} else {
files.forEach(function(filename, fileIndex) {
console.log(filename)
gm(source + filename).size(function(err, values) {
if (err) {
console.log('Error identifying file size: ' + err)
} else {
console.log(filename + ' : ' + values)
aspect = (values.width / values.height)
widths.forEach(function(width, widthIndex) {
height = Math.round(width / aspect)
console.log('resizing ' + filename +
'to ' + height + 'x' + height)
this.resize(width, height).write(destination +
'w' + width + '_' + filename,function(err) {
if (err)
console.log(“Error writing file:” + err)})}.bind(this))
}
})
})
}
}
Slide title
44 pt
Text and bullet level 1
minimum 24 pt
Bullets level 2-5
minimum 20 pt
Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪīĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl
ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ
ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№
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text in the footer area Ericsson Real-Time | Public | © Ericsson AB 2014 | 2014-12-08 | Page 20
Ways towards Beautiful Real-Time
› Learn and embrace the actor programming model. Actors
are very light weight processes, handled outside the
operating system.
› The main benefit is that each actor handle one single
interaction, and can thus be programmed in a simple
synchronous and sequential style.
› Excellent implementations in many functional programming
languages. E.g.:
– Erlang
– Scala
– Haskell
› Not really actors, but ENEA/OSE (in C) is very nice for
“bare bones” environments.