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Instruction of Mitsubishi Gas turbineInstruction of Mitsubishi Gas turbine
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.Takasago Machinery Works
CILEGONCILEGONCOMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANTCOMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT
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MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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CONTENTS
1. Mitsubishi Gas turbine’s History and Development2. Gas turbine’s Performance3. Construction Features4. Detail Structure of Gas turbine5. Material6. Gas turbine Cooling System7. Combustion System8. Spin Cooling Operation9. Gas Turbine New Technology
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MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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1. MITSUBISH GAS TURBINE’S HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT
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History of Mitsubishi Gas Turbine
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World Wide Experience
Argentina 5Argentina 5
U.K. 13U.K. 13
Total : 431unitsTotal : 431units
India 10India 10
Chile 1Chile 1
Netherlands 1Netherlands 1
Japan 147Japan 147
Bangladesh 4Bangladesh 4
Thailand 16Thailand 16
Syria 4Syria 4
Indonesia 19Indonesia 19Indonesia 19
Turkey 5Turkey 5 U.S.A. 36U.S.A. 36Italy 5Italy 5
Mexico 17Mexico 17Philippines 7Philippines 7
Vietnam 3Vietnam 3Algeria 6Algeria 6
Honduras 1Honduras 1
Hong Kong 7Hong Kong 7Iran 11Iran 11Kuwait 4Kuwait 4 Macao 3Macao 3
Nigeria 2Nigeria 2 Pakistan 1Pakistan 1
Peru 3Peru 3
Qatar 6Qatar 6Saudi Arabia 26Saudi Arabia 26
Singapore 4Singapore 4
SlovakiaSlovakia 22
Spain 7Spain 7
U.A.E. 6U.A.E. 6
Australia 4Australia 4
Dominican Dominican Republic 1Republic 1
Brazil 4Brazil 4
Azerbaijan 1Azerbaijan 1
Taiwan 22Taiwan 22
Malaysia 3Malaysia 3
China 10China 10
Egypt 2Egypt 2
As of Sep. 2003
New Zealand 1New Zealand 1
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First M701F Gas Turbine Started Operation
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Japan M701F ×1 1993 Thailand M701F 2on1×2 1996
Thailand M701F2on1×1 1997
Chile M701F1on1×1 1999
Turkey M701F2on1×2 2000
Japan M701F1on1×4 1999
Argentina M701F 2on1×1 1999
UK M701F 1on1×3 2001
UK M701F 2on1×1 2001
Bangladesh M701F 1on1×1 2001
Viet Num M701F 3on1×1 2001
Singapore M701F 1on1×2 2001
Argentina M701F 2on1×1 2001
India M701F 1on1×1 2001
Operating Experience of F series Gas Turbine (50Hz)
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USA2on1×2 1993
Japan1on1×4 1994
Japan1on1×2 1995
Mexico2on1×1 2001
Japan3on1×1 1995
Japan1on1×7 1997
Mexico2on1×1 2001
Mexico2on1×2 2003
Mexico1on1×1 2003 Taiwan
1on1×1 2003
Operating Experience of F series Gas Turbine (60Hz)
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Takasago 330MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Powered by First M501G
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2. GAS TURBINE’S PERFORMANCE
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Principle of Gas Turbine
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Structure of Gas Turbine
211
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Mitsubishi M701F Gas Turbine
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Gas Turbine Longitudinal Section
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Gas Turbine Cycle -Ideal Cycle-
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Gas Turbine Cycle Performance
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Compressor Performance (1/2)
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Compressor Performance (2/2)
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Turbine Performance (1/2)
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Turbine Performance (2/2)
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Gas Turbine Cycle Loss
②
①
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Gas Turbine Ambient Temperature Characteristic
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3. CONSTRUCTION FEATURES
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Fundamental Structure of Gas Turbine
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Design Features of “F” Series Gas Turbine (1/3)
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Torque Pin in Compressor Disc
Turbine Curvic Coupling① Stacked Disc Type Rotor
PROVEN FEATURES
Disc ContactSurface
Torque Pin
Spindle Bolt④ Cold End Drive ⑥ Tangential Strut
③ Air-cooled Turbine
② Cannular Type Combustor
Fuel Fuel NozzleNozzle CombustorCombustor
BasketBasket
Transition Transition PiecePiece
Curvic Coupling
Spindle Bolt Disc
Design Features of “F” Series Gas Turbine (2/3)
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PROVEN FEATURES⑤⑤ROTOR COOLINGROTOR COOLING
Design Features of “F” Series Gas Turbine (3/3)
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Proven Design Features of Mitsubishi GT
29
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4. DETAIL STRUCTURE OF GAS TURBINE
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Inlet Casing Section
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Variable Mechanism for Inlet Guide Vane
32
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Thrust Bearing Structure②
SupplySupply
Drain
Drain
Shenzhen Eastern Power Plant Second Design Meeting
33
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Journal Bearing Structure③
Supply
Shenzhen Eastern Power Plant Second Design Meeting
34
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Bearing Seal Structure
:Labyrinth LO Seal
35
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Compressor Casing
36
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Compressor Diaphragms
37
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Combustor Arrangement (Dry Low NOx Type)
38
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Cross Flame Tube
39
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Location of Spark Plug & Flame Detector
Spark Plug Flame Detector
40
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Compressor & Combustor Casing with Dry Low Nox Combustor
Turbine CasingCompressor & Combustor Casing
Transition Piece
Bypass Valve
Fuel Nozzle Basket
AirAir
FuelFuel
Combustion GasCombustion Gas
By pass AirBy pass Air
41
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Fuel Nozzle (Dry Low Nox type 1/2)
Fuel Oil (Pilot)
Fuel Gas (Pilot)
Fuel Oil (Main)
Fuel Gas (Main)
42
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Fuel Nozzle (Dry Low Nox type 2/2)
43
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Combustor Basket (Dry Low NOx Type)
Cooling Air(Compressor Discharge Air)
44
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Transition piece (Dry Low NOx Type)
45
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
By bass Valve Mechanism(1/2)
Bypass BodyBypass Body
Bypass Ring
ActuatorActuator
Connection RodConnection Rod
Bypass ElbowBypass Elbow
46
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
By bass Valve Mechanism(2/2)
47
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Turbine Casing Assembling
TrunnionTrunnionBearingBearing
TrunnionTrunnion ArmArm
Rotor Cooling Air Rotor Cooling Air Bleed FlangeBleed Flange
#2#2~~4 4 Turbine Vane Turbine Vane Cooling Air Supply FlangeCooling Air Supply Flange
48
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Trunnion Support
49
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Turbine Vane Assembly
50
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Bore Scope Inspection Holes/Thermocouple for Disk Cavity Temperature Measurement
51
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Hot GasHot Gas
Compressor / Turbine Inter Stage Seal Structure
High PressureHigh PressureLow PressureLow Pressure
Seal AirSeal Air
Compressed AirCompressed Air
Pressure Diff.Pressure Diff. Low PressureLow PressureHigh PressureHigh PressurePressure Diff.Pressure Diff.
52
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Exhaust Casing Structure & Tangential Strut Structure
53
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Exhaust Manifold Structure
54
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Supports for Gas Turbine
55
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Gas Turbine Rotor
Compressor Spindle BoltCompressor Spindle Bolt Turbine Spindle BoltTurbine Spindle Bolt
56
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Compressor Rotor Assembly
57
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Compressor Spindle Blot
58
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Turbine Rotor Assembly
59
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Disc ContactSurface
Torque Pin
Spindle BoltCurvic
Coupling
Spindle Bolt Disc
Comp. Rotor Torque Pin /Turbine Rotor Curvic Coupling
60
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Compressor Blade Installation
61
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Structure for Torque Tube Seal
62
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
5. MATERIAL
63
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Major Material Used in Gas Turbine
64
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Turbine Blade Material
65
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Turbine Vane Material
66
MHI BUSINESS CONFIDENTIAL
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MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.Takasago Machinery WorksTakasago Machinery Works
Combustor Material
67
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6. TURBINE COOLING SYSTEM
68
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M701F Cooled Vane & Blade
69
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Trend of Turbine Inlet Temperature
1400℃
70
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Evolution of Turbine Inlet Temperature
71
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Trend of Mitsubishi High Efficiency Gas Turbine
72
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Technology for high Temperature Turbine
M701F
M701D
73
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Trend of High Temperature Resistant Material Development
74
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Trend of Turbine cooled Vane
/701D
/701F/701F
75
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Trend of Turbine cooled blade
501F/701F
501D/701D
/701F
/701F
/701D/701B2
76
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Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC)
77
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Structure of TBC
78
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Advanced Turbine Cooling
M701F
M701D
M701F
M701D
79
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Cooling Method
80
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Film Cooling
81
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Pin Fin Cooling
82
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Impingement Cooling
83
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Turbulator
84
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Row 1 Vane
85
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Row 1 Blade
86
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Row 2 Vane
87
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Row 2 Blade
88
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Row 3 Vane
89
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Row 3 Blade
90
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Row 4 Vane
91
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Row 4 Blade
92
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Secondary Flow System
93
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Turbine Cooling Air Flow System
94
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Turbine Rotor Air FlowTURBINE ROTOR COOLING AIR FLOW
95
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Turbine Inner Seal Flow
96
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Turbine Outer Seal FlowPREVENTION OF HOT GAS REVERSE FLOW
COOLING AIR
97
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Temperature Monitoring Location
98
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7. COMBUSTION SYSTEM
99
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Requirement for Reducing NOx Level
100
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Approach for Low Nox Combustion
101
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Comparison Between diffusion Combustion and premix combustor
102
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Mitsubishi Dry Low NOx Combustor
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Dry Low NOx Combustor
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Dry Low NOx Combustor Basket
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NOx Emission Characteristic
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Design Concept of Low NOx Combustor
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DLN Control System
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8. SPIN COOLING OPERATION
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Characteristics of blade tip clearance
A. Characteristics of tip clearance are estimated for the entire operational conditions including cold start and very hot start.
B. Reduction of clearance is observed at compressor blade ring right and left side while the engine restarts under very hot condition due to oval deformation ( ).
C. Reduction of clearance is observed at turbine casing bottom side during re-starting due to “cat back” deformation ( ).
: “Cat back“ deformation(Turbine side clearance is critical.)
: Oval deformation(Compressor side clearance is critical.)
Rotor
Blade ring
Rotor
Casing
Bottom side Clearance
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Oval deformation of compressor blade ring at rear stage
CompressorBlade Ring
• Just after the shut down of GT, the rear stage compressor blade ring is shrunk rapidly accompanied with oval deformation due to rapid cooling.
• The rear stage compressor tip clearance each at right and left becomes critical due to the oval deformation. If the GT is re-started or spin under such a condition, rubbing is anticipated.
• Therefore, it is strongly recommended to re-start or spin the GT after 1.5 hour when rapid shrinkage is recovered.
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“Cat back” deformation of the gas turbine casing
• “Cat back” deformation of the gas turbine casing is caused by the casing metal temperature gradient between top and bottom halves.
• The casing metal temperature gradient is caused by natural convection.Hot air inside the casing is convected upward.
• Natural convection inside the casing occurs after shut down of the gas turbine (GT).• After a while if the GT is restarted, minimum clearance occurs at bottom side due to the
distortion.
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Countermeasure (Use of spin operation)In order to reduce the casing thermal distortion, it is recommended to carry out the spin cooling operation after gas turbine shut down. In order to monitor the casing metal temperature difference after shut down and to optimize the spin cooling procedure, thermocouples are installed on each top and bottom casings as shown below.
Casing metal temperature gradient between top and bottom will be reduced due to spin cooling operation and casing distortion will be minimized.Bottom clearance will be restored due to reduced casing distortion.
1.5
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Reliability enhancement by spin coolingMHI established the following guideline for spin cooling and recommend to carry out the spin cooling operation after shut down.
1) The GT cannot be restarted or spun within 1.5 hour after the shut down so as to avoid the compressor blade tip rubbing due to the compressor blade ring oval deformation. (Zone A in Figure 1)
2) The GT can be restarted during 1.5~6 hours after the shut down without spin cooling, provided the casing metal temperature difference is within the criteria. (Zone B in Figure 1)
Criteria for turbine casing: 60°C / for combustor casing: 35°C3) If the GT is planned to restart during 6~30 hours after the shut down, the spin cooling operation is required.
Because the casing metal temperature difference is estimated to exceed the criteria during this period without spin cooling. (Zone C in Figure 1)
4) After approx.30 hours from the shut down, the GT can be restarted without spin cooling operation, provided the casing metal temperature difference reduces within criteria level due to natural cooling. (Zone D in Figure 1)
5) In case of the restart timing of the GT is not predicted, it is recommended to carry out the spin cooling operation according to the standard procedure.
Time after GT shut down
Figure 1 : Trend of GT casing metal temperature difference without spin cooling
1.5 4.5
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9. GAS TURBINE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
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Steam Cooled Combustor
15001500℃℃
Flame Temp.Flame Temp.=1500=1500℃℃
Air SteamSteam(Supply)
Steam Cooling Circuit(MTFIN)
Steam(Supply)(Return)
( ReturnReturn)
((ReturnReturn))
Premix BurnerMulti NozzleMain FuelMain Fuel
Pilot FuelPilot Fuel
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Progress of Cooling Method
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Heat Resistant Material Technology(Super Alloy Technology)
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Blade RingBlade Ring
From Combustor From Combustor Cooling OutletCooling Outlet
To Combustor To Combustor Cooling InletCooling Inlet
Cooling Steam From Cooling Steam From HRSGHRSG
Row 1 Row 1 VaneVane
Row 1 Row 1 BladeBlade
Steam Steam Cooling Cooling PassagePassage
Clearance Verified Clearance Verified by Clearance by Clearance MeasurementMeasurement
Normal Blade RingNormal Blade Ring
Steam Cooled Blade RingsSteam Cooled Blade Rings
RP
M. L
OA
D [%
]
Large ClearanceLarge Clearance During Starting UpDuring Starting Up
Small clearanceSmall clearance at Steady Stateat Steady State
Active Clearance Control(Steam Cooled Blade Rings)
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Leaf seal at Torque TubeLeaf seal at Torque Tube
Leaf seal location
Significant leakage reduction compared to brush seals
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Aerodynamically shaped tangential strut coverAerodynamically shaped tangential strut cover
Tangential Strut
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Exhaust DiffuserExhaust Diffuser 3D CFD Analysis3D CFD Analysis
Mach Number Distribution
Exhaust Flow
Reduced shock wave at leading edge