Download - Gsm(Global System for Mobile)
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MADE BY
DAYANAND GUPTAECE-V I SEMROLL NO-0823031019
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GSM-Introduction
History of GSM
Architecture
Security
Characteristics and features
Applications
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Global System for Mobile (GSM) is a secondgeneration cellular standard developed to catervoice services and data delivery using digitalmodulation
Subscribers can use their phones throughout theworld, enabled by international roamingarrangements between mobile network operators.
GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three
digital wireless telephone technologies (TDMA, GSM,and CDMA(code division multiple acess)). GSMdigitizes and compresses data, then sends it down achannel with two other streams of user data, each inits own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or1,800 MHz frequency band.
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Developed by Group Special Mobile (founded 1982) which was aninitiative of CEPT ( Conference of European Post and Telecommunication)
Aim : to replace the incompatible analog system
Presently the responsibility of GSM standardization resides with specialmobile group under ETSI ( European telecommunication StandardsInstitute )
Under ETSI, GSM is named as Global System for Mobilecommunication
Today many providers all over the world use GSM (more than 135countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, America)
More than 1300 million subscribers in world and 45 million subscriberin India.
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4%
37%
4%1%42%
4%
3% (INDIA)
3% 3% Arab World
Asia Pacific
Africa
East Central Asia
Europe
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Bharti
27%
BSNL
22%Hutch
19%
IDEA
13%
BPL
6%
Aircel4%
Spice4%
Reliance
3%MTNL
2%
Figures: March 2005
Bharti
BSNL
Hutch
IDEA
BPL
AircelSpice
Reliance
MTNL
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Home Location Register (HLR)
Visitor Location Register (VLR)Equipment Identity Register (EIR)Authentication Center (AuC)SMS Serving Center (SMS SC)Gateway MSC (GMSC)Chargeback Center (CBC)
Transcoder and Adaptation Unit(TRAU)
The Mobile Station(MS)The Base StationSubsystem (BSS)The Network SwitchingSubsystem (NSS)The Operation SupportSubsystem(OSS)Mobile switchingcenter(MSC)
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Tele-services
Bearer or Data Services
Supplementary services
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On air interface, GSM uses encryptionand TMSI instead of IMSI.
SIM is provided 4-8 digit PIN to validatethe ownership of SIM
3 algorithms are specified :
- A3 algorithm for authentication - A5 algorithm for encryption
- A8 algorithm for key generation
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Fully digital system using 900,1800 MHz frequencyband.
TDMA over radio carriers(200 KHz carrier spacing. 8 full rate or 16 half rate TDMA channels per carrier. User/terminal authentication for fraud control.
Encryption of speech and data transmission over theradio path.
Full international roaming capability.
Low speed data services (upto 9.6 Kb/s). Compatibility with ISDN. Support of Short Message Service (SMS).
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Capacity increases
Reduced RF transmission power and longerbattery life.
International roaming capability. Better security against fraud (through
terminal validation and userauthentication).
Encryption capability for informationsecurity and privacy.
Compatibility with ISDN,leading to widerrange of services
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Mobile telephony
GSM-R
Telemetry System - Fleet management
- Automatic meter reading
- Toll Collection - Remote control and fault reporting of
DG sets
Value Added Services
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2nd Generation
GSM -9.6 Kbps (data rate)
2.5 Generation ( Future of GSM)
HSCSD (High Speed ckt Switched data)
Data rate : 76.8 Kbps (9.6 x 8 kbps)
GPRS (General Packet Radio service)
Data rate: 14.4 - 115.2 Kbps
EDGE (Enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution)Data rate: 547.2 Kbps (max)
3 Generation
WCDMA(Wide band CDMA)
Data rate : 0.348 2.0 Mbps
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