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Objective
At the end of this course, you will be able to:
Learn GSM development history
Learn and master network structure of GSMsystem and functions & principles of different
portions
Learn and be familiar with GSM wireless
channel and protocol Learn and be familiar with main service call
process for GSM
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Content
Chap.1: GSM Overview
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
Chap.3: Interfaces and Protocols
Chap.4: GSM Radio Channel
Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio
Technology
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
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This chapter mainly introduces some basic information for
GSM, including GSM development history, supported
service type, specification, and system features.
Chap.1: GSM Overview
GSM Basic Concepts
Services Supported by GSM System
GSM Specification
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GSM Area Division Concepts GSM composition
Mobile Switching System (MSS)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Operation & Maintenance Subsystem (OMS) Mobile Station (MS)
GSM System Number
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
This section introduces network structure of GSM system
and basic functions of various NEs.
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Relationship between Areas in GSM
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
GSM Area Division Concepts
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GSM System Composition
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
GSM composition
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The MSS consists of such entities as the mobile switching
center (MSC), home location register (HLR), visitor location
register (VLR), equipment identity register (EIR), authenticationcenter (AUC) and short message center (SMC).
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
Mobile Switching System (MSS)
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BSS serves as a bridge between the NSS and MS. It performs
wireless channel management and wireless transceiving. The
BSS includes the Base Station Controller (BSC) and BaseTransceiver Station (BTS).
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
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The OMS consists of two parts: Operation & Maintenance
Center System (OMC-S) and OMC-Radio (OMC-R). The
OMC-S serves the NSS, while the OMC-R serves the BSS.
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
Operation & Maintenance Subsystem (OMS)
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The MS consists of mobile terminals and Subscriber Identity
Module (SIM) card.
Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
Mobile Station (MS)
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Chap.2: GSM Network Structure
GSM System Number
GSM system number contains:
Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN)
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number (MSRN)
Handover Number
Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identification (TMSI)
Location Area Identification (LAI)
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This chapter introduces GERAN interfaces, User
plane/control plane protocol stack at PS and CS.
Interfaces
PS-Domain Protocol Stack
CS-Domain Protocol Stack
Chap.3: Interfaces and Protocols
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Chap.3: Interfaces and Protocols
Interfaces
GSM interfaces
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Chap.3: Interfaces and Protocols
PS-Domain Protocol Stack
User plane protocol stack at PS domain
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Chap.3: Interfaces and Protocols
PS-Domain Protocol Stack
Control plane protocol stack at PS domain
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Chap.3: Interfaces and Protocols
CS-Domain Protocol Stack
User plane protocol stack at CS domain
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Chap.3: GSM RadioChannel
CS-Domain Protocol Stack
Control plane protocol stack at CS domain
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GSM Working Frequency Band
Structure of GSM Radio Frame
Physical Channel and Logical Channel
System Messages
Chap.4: GSM RadioChannel
This section introduces GSM radio frame, channel concept,
division & function for different channels, mapping
combination mechanism between channels.
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Currently, the GSM communication system works at
900MHz, extended 900MHz and 1800MHz. 1900MHzband is adopted in some countries.
Chap.4: GSM RadioChannel
GSM Working Frequency Band
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There are five layers for structure of GSM radio frame, that is, timeslot,
TDMA frame, multiframe, super frame, and hyper frame.
Chap.4: GSM RadioChannel
Structure of GSM Radio Frame
Hierarchical frame structure in GSM system
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GSM uses TDMA and FDMA technologies for physical channel,
as shown in the figure below.
Chap.4: GSM RadioChannel
Physical Channel and Logical Channel
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System message falls into 12 types: type1, 2, 2bis, 2ter, 3,
4, 5, 5bis, 5ter, 6, 7, 8.
Chap.4: GSM RadioChannel
System Messages
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Mobile subscriber state
Location Update
Typical Call and Handover Process
Basic Signaling Process
Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
This section introduces GSM terminal start, position register /
update, service call and handover service implementation and
signaling interaction process.
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MS starts, network does "Attach" marks on it
MS shutdowns, separated from network
MS Busy
Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
The mobile subscriber has three states as follows:
Mobile subscriber state
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Location Update at Same MSC Office
Location Update
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Call process
Typical Call and Handover Process
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Handover process
Typical Call and Handover Process
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Location Update Process of MS
Basic Signaling Process
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Mobile-Originated Call and Called
Party On-hook Process
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Mobile-Terminated Call and Calling
Party On-hook Process
Basic Signaling Process
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Chap.5: Basic Service and Signaling Process
Inter-cell Handover Process
Basic Signaling Process
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Voice Processing
Frequency multiplexing
Adaptive equalizing
Diversity Receiving
Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
PowerControl
Timing Advance
Frequency Hopping Technology
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
This section describes basic voice processing for GSM, and
several key radio enhanced technologies.
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Voice Processing
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
Voice Processing in the GSM System
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Frequency multiplexing
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
Frequency multiplexing is the core concept of the cellular mobile radio
system. In a frequency multiplexing system, users at differentgeographical locations (different cells) can use channels of the same
frequency at the same time (see the figure above).
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Adaptive equalizing
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
Equalizer can do equalizing at frequency domain and time domain.
GSM uses time domain equalizing, enabling the better performance in
whole system.
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Diversity Receiving
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
Diversity reception technology is commonly used in GSM. Diversity
consists of different forms: Space diversity, frequency diversity, time
diversity and polarity diversity.
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Discontinuous Transmission (DTX)
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
The DTX mode accomplishes two objectives: Lower the total
interference level in the air and save the transmitter power.
Speech Frame Transmission in DTX Mode
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PowerControl
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
Power control means to control the actual transmitting power (keep itas low as possible) of MS or BS in radio propagation, so as to reduce
the power consumption of MS/BS and the interference of the entire
GSM network.
PowerControl Process
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Timing Advance
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
In the GSM, the MS requires three intervals between timeslots whenreceiving or transmitting signals. See the figure below.
Uplink and Downlink Offset of TCH
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Frequency Hopping Technology
Chap.6: Voice Processing and Key Radio Technology
Frequency hopping (FH) refers to hopping of the carrier frequencywithin a wide frequency band according to a certain sequence.
Basic Structure of FH
Ch 7 GPRS d EDGE
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Definition and Feature
Inheritance and Evolution
GPRS Radio Channel
Radio Link and Media Access Control Flow
Terminal and Application
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
This section describes evolution of GSM technologies: basic concept,
network structure, radio channel, and basic application of GPRS and
EDGE.
Ch 7 GPRS d EDGE
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Definition and Feature
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is the packet data
service introduced in GSM Phase2+.
The GPRS has the following features:
Seamless connection with IP network
High rate
Always online and flow charging
Mature technology
Ch 7 GPRS d EDGE
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Definition and Feature
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE) is a kind oftechnology for transition of GSM to 3G.
The EDGE has the following features:
EDGE neither changes GSM or GPRS network structure nor
introduces new network element, but only upgrades the BSS.
EDGE does not change the GSM channel structure, multiframestructure and coding structure.
EDGE supports two data transmission modes: packet service
(non-real time service) and circuit switching service (real time
service).
EDGE adopts octal 8PSK modulation technology, supports303% of GMSK payload, and provides higher bit rate and
spectral efficiency.
Compared with GPRS, EDGE adopts new coding mode.
Ch 7 GPRS d EDGE
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Inheritance and Evolution
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
Each standard for current 2G has a set of methods to upgrade2G network into 3G:
(1) Evolution route to CDMA 2000 may be IS95 (orCDMA One)
CDMA20001x CDMA 2000-3x or WCDMA.
(2) Evolution route to WCDMA may be GSM GPRS EDGE
WCDM A.
(3) Evolution route to TD-SCDMA is not obvious now. It ispossible to implement smooth transition based on GSM MAP
network, also compatible to ANSI41 and transited to 3G.
Chap 7 GPRS and EDGE
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GPRS RadioChannel
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
This section introduces GPRS physical channel, GPRS logic
channel, mapping of logical channel combination in the physical
channel, and GPRS channel coding.
Chap 7: GPRS and EDGE
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Radio Link and Media Access Control Flow
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
This section introduces paging flow, TBF setup flow, GPRS
suspend/resume flow, and TBF release flow.
Chap 7: GPRS and EDGE
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Terminal and Application
Chap.7: GPRS and EDGE
The GPRS MSs fall into three categories: Type A, B, and C.
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