Download - Growing and Caring for Roses
![Page 1: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Growing and Caring for Roses
Ursula Schuch Ph.D.Plant sciences Department
University of ArizonaTucson, AZ 85718
![Page 2: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Growing and Caring for Roses
• Overview of types of roses• Cultural practices
– Selecting and planting– Fertilizing and irrigation– Pruning
• Trouble shooting
![Page 3: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Roses
![Page 4: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of roses:• Floribundas and Polyanthas• Grandifloras• Hybrid Teas• Shrub roses• Climbing roses• Miniature roses
Many cultivars in each type category
![Page 5: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Floribundas and PolyanthasMany blooms per stem, shrub rose
GrandiflorasCross between hybrid tea and floribunda
Masses of large flowers.
Hybrid teaMost popular, long stem with single flower
![Page 6: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Floribunda Hybrid tea Floribunda
Climbingfloribunda Polyantha
![Page 7: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Shrub rosesCatch all class of cultivars not
belonging to old garden roses
or modern roses.
Miniature rosesSmall size, excellent for containers.
![Page 8: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rose selection
• Select a plant that will fit the space size wise and if climbing has support
• Select plants that are adapted to your climate (heat resistance in AZ more important than cold tolerance)
• Select plants that are resistant to diseases and insects
![Page 9: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
5.2 Hybrid tea, tea, grandiflora, rugosa hybrids, hybrid perpetuals, moss, and climbing roses (Minimum standards)
Rose gradesNo. 1 – three or more canes pencil thick (5/16 inch)No. 1½ – two canes pencil thick
![Page 10: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bare root
Packaged
Containerized
![Page 11: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Planting roses• Select healthy plants, if packaged or bare root plants are dry, immerse in water for a few hours.• Plant in mid-December through January in Southern and Western Arizona, in March and April in Northern Arizona. • Containerized plants can be planted year-round.• Plant in fertile, well-drained soil• Plant where roses receive sun for 6 hours or more• Air circulation is important • Eastern exposure is good for climbing roses
![Page 12: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Planting roses• Spacing (distance in feet)
Polyanthas 1 - 1.5Miniatures 1 - 2Shrubs 2 - 4Hybrid teas, Old garden, Grandifloras, Tree roses 3 - 5Climbers 6 - 10
![Page 13: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Planting bare root roses• Soak entire rose bush in water for 8-24 h• Dig hole 18-30 inches wide and deep to accommodate root
ball• Add 1 cup sulfur and 1 cup triple superphosphate and mix
with soil• Fill hole with cone shape of 1:1 native soil : forest mulch or
1:1:1 of native soil : compost : sand, perlite or pumice.• Spread roots over soil cone, bud union should be 2” above
soil line, cover with remaining soil and firm.• Cut canes to a length of 8-10 inches, top buds facing
outward• Apply 4 inches of mulch on soil surface around the plant• Water every day for one week.
![Page 14: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
O
Superphosphate+ Sulfur
Canes 8-10 “
![Page 15: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Plant any time of year• Dig hole as deep and
twice as wide as container
• Use same soil preparation as for bare root plants
• Keep root ball intact, straighten root bound roots
Transplanting Roses in Containers
![Page 16: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Transplanting existing roses• Best time to transplant
healthy roses is during dormancy (Dec. – Mar.)
• Cut canopy one third to one half back
• Move as much of the root ball as possible
![Page 17: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Maintaining Roses -
Irrigation• High water users• Avoid water stress and salt buildup• Water slowly to 2-3 feet depth• Irrigation schedule depend on soil
characteristics, weather, and microclimate• Summer: 3-4 times a week (3-4 gal./plant)• Spring and fall: 2-3 times a week• Winter: once a week or less• Container roses: more frequently
![Page 18: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Maintaining Roses -
Mulching• Once a year after
pruning add organic mulch 4 inches thick to a rose bed
• Mulch adds organic material, attenuates soil temperature, suppresses weeds
• Mulch eliminates the need for cultivating which could damage feeder roots
![Page 19: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Maintaining Roses -
Fertilizing• Roses need frequent fertilizer applications.• Apply slow release fertilizer every 6-9 weeks
(temp.) in small dosages from Feb – June and Sep - mid Oct. in low desert, Mar – Sep at higher elevations.
• Miniature and container roses require less fertilizer
15-5-3 (3 mo.) (6-6-4)
Organic fertilizer
(8-4-4)
Spikes
12-16-12 (8 wks)
![Page 20: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pruning Roses• Why pruning?
– Winter: stimulate new growth in spring – Summer: stimulate more flowers
• When to prune?– Dormancy: Jan. – Feb.– Throughout growing season remove spent
flowers
![Page 21: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Maintaining roses –
Summer pruning• Prune out dead and diseased wood, weak and crossing canes.• Moderate pruning involves leaving 5-12 canes about 18-24 inches tall.• Dead head flowers down to the next leaf with 5 leaflets.• Learn about how to prune individual types of roses.
![Page 22: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cut canes above a bud slanting away from bud
Remove spent flowers to the newest 5-leaflet leaf
![Page 23: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Winter pruning
When?• Prune in late winter before or when buds begin to swell (Dec. – Feb.)
What?• Remove dead wood
• Remove crossing branches rubbing against others
• Remove old, unproductive canes.
![Page 24: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Moderate pruning involves leaving 5-12 canes about 18-24 inches tall.
• Remove one third to no more than one half the length of previous season’s growth.
• Remove suckers below graft union
• Keep center of shrub open
• Learn about how to prune individual types of roses.
![Page 25: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Very dense
![Page 27: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Stub
Canes not very vigorous
![Page 29: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Hybrid tea and grandiflora
Hybrid teas have large flowers, one per stem, and are 2-6 ft. tall. Most popular.Grandiflora (hybrid tea x floribunda) have hybrid tea-type flowers, good for mass color.
• Leave 5-8 canes, more on vigorous shrubs.• Cut back to a height of 18 to 24 in.• Cut back new canes by one third.
![Page 31: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Floribunda
Floribunda (hybrid tea x polyantha) produce flowers in clusters on vigorous, bushy plants.Good for mass color, hedges, informal borders.
• Leave as many strong new canes as plant has produced.• Cut back previous season’s growth only by one fourth.• Can be pruned to hedge effect.
![Page 33: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Troubleshooting Rose Problems•
Aphids
•
Cane borers•
Thrips
•
Spider Mites•
Leaf cutter bees
•
Powdery mildew•
Crown gall
•
Rose mosaic virus•
Salinity
•
Nutrient deficiencies
![Page 34: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Aphids• Suck on new growth
and buds starting early spring
• Control with forceful spray of water or spray with soapy water, repeat daily to control population if necessary
• Beneficials: lady beetles and green lacewings
![Page 35: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Beneficials
![Page 36: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Spider mites
• Small, on leaves• Sometimes webbing• Hot, dry weather• Often increase in numbers if a broad spectrum
pesticide killed beneficials• Damage to buds cosmetic• Strong stream of (soapy) water
![Page 37: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Thrips• Damage on petals• Thrips in new buds• Damage mostly cosmetic
![Page 38: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Cane borer• Tunnels into canes soon after winter pruning• If hole present, cut back until cane is healthy• Use wood glue to seal wound if desired
![Page 39: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Leaf cutter bees• Circular leaf cuts• Damage only cosmetic
![Page 40: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Powdery mildew• Spring conditions, cool damp night, daytime 70F,
poor air circulation• Mostly on leaves as small blisters followed by
white or gray powdery spots• Can attack entire plant• Remedy with good gardening practices, cleanup
of old leaves, pruned material, occasional overhead watering. Use sulfur (not >90F)
![Page 41: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Crown gall• Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens• Infects through wounds• Plant gradually declines as gall
develops at base of plant• Remove and destroy infected plants• Don’t replant roses in this soil
![Page 42: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Rose mosaic virus
• Spreads only through infected stock• Not transmitted through pruners or shovels• Weakens plant over many years• No cure
![Page 43: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Salinity• If soil salinity is too high, excess salts cause leaf
injury and dieback.• Remedy by leaching with sufficient irrigation
water to push salts below the root zone.
![Page 44: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Effect of high salinity on roses (left) and after leaching (below)
![Page 45: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Nutrient deficiencies• Optimum pH for roses is 6.0 - 6.5, SW soils are 8.0
- 8.5, some micronutrients not available• Iron deficiency• Nitrogen deficiency – old leaves yellow first, spindly
growth, small and few flowers• Magnesium deficiency – Edges of old leaves turn
yellow, apply magnesium sulfate (epsom salt) to rose bushes
N deficiency
![Page 46: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
ReferencesUniversity of Arizona Cooperative Extension Publications
(http://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/)Rose Selection and Planting in the Low Desert (2003)
(13 pp.) AZ1304Rose Care in the Low Desert (2003) (4 pp.) AZ1305Troubleshooting Problems with Roses (2003) (3 pp.)
AZ1306
![Page 47: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Favorite cultivars for the low desert Low maintenance, repeat bloomers
'Mr. Lincoln''Saint Patrick''Marilyn Monroe''Julia Child' 'Peace‘'Fragrant Cloud‘'Double Delight‘'Rainbow Knock Out' 'Sally Holmes' 'Gemini'
![Page 48: Growing and Caring for Roses](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022417/5899ac521a28ab82468b8fc8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Questions?