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Grids and Grid Technologies for Wide-Area Distributed Computing
Mark Baker, Rajkumar Buyya and Domenico Laforenza
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Agenda
• Overview of Grid
• Concerning issues in Grid
• Components and Services in Grid
• Current Projects and Future
• Grid in Multimedia Applications
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What is Grid?
• In the last decade, the availability of cheap computational resources and high-speed networks leads to an opportunity of using distributed computers as a single, unified computing resources.
• This is known as Grid Computing
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What is Grid?
• The term Grid is chosen as analogy to power Grid that provides consistent and transparent access to electricity irrespective to its sources
• A Grid can be viewed as seamless, integrated computational and collaborative environment
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What is Grid?
• Some well-known name of Grid Computing– Meta Computing– Scalable Computing– Global Computing– Internet Computing– Peer-to-Peer Computing
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Construction of Grid
• The four main issues in designing and constructing a Grid– Multiple Administrative Domains and
Autonomy– Heterogeneity– Scalability– Dynamicity and Adaptability
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Construction of Grid
• Multiple Administrative Domains and Autonomy– A Grid Infrastructure is supposed to be
geographically distributed– It is owned by different individuals and
organizations.
• Heterogeneity– Computational resources are
heterogeneous in nature
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Construction of Grid
• Scalability– Ranging from a few to million– Raising a problem of performance
degradation as population increases
• Dynamicity and Adaptability– Failure is a rule, not exception– Services or applications must use
resources dynamically, effectively and efficiently.
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Grid Components
• Conceptually, a grid is designed based on four layers– Grid Fabric– Core Grid Middleware– User level Middleware– Applications
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Grid Components
• Grid Fabric– It manages the network resources, like
computers, data storage, routers and input devices etc. across the network geographically.
• Core Grid Middleware– It manages how the network resources
co-operating together. It provides the services like remote process management and QoS etc.
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Grid Components
• User Level Middleware– It provides an application development
environment offering for high-level application.
• Applications
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Assumptions
• No intervention with existing technologies– Do not interfere with the existing site
administration or autonomy.– Do not compromise existing security of users
and remote sites– Do not need to replace the existing network
protocol, operating system or services. Use existing standard
– Use standard, existing protocols and is able to interact with the legacy applications
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Assumptions
• Support reliable and fault tolerant system
• Support for heterogeneity
• Allow computational resources join or leave at any time
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Services of Grid
• Administrative Hierarchy– This determine how the administrative
information flows through the Grid
• Communication Services– This requires to the Grid to support
protocol for different data transfer, like streaming, group communication and QoS etc.
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Services of Grid
• Information Services– A major goal is to make all resources
accessible to any process in the Grid.– Grid is a dynamic environment– This services must provide a
mechanism for registering and obtaining information of the Grid structure, resources, services and status
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Services of Grid
• Naming Services– This services must provide a uniform
name space across the complete Grid environment
• Distributed File Systems and Caching– Same as the Naming Services, this
provides a uniform name space for retrieving file.
– Support I/O protocols, performance enhancement etc.
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Services of Grid
• Security and Authorization– This provides a security infrastructure
for managing and utilizing the Grid resources.
• System Status and Fault Tolerant Services– Failure is a rule in the Grid, not
exception– This provides a reliable and robust
environment
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Services of Grid
• Resource Management and Scheduling– This is responsible for scheduling all the
processes within the Grid to utilizing the resources, like processing power, storage etc.
• Programming Tools– This provides an interface for
development
• User Administration and GUI
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Grid Computing Projects
• Main Initiatives– Global Grid Forum
• http://www.gridforum.org
– Peer-to-Peer Working Group (P2PWG)• http://www.p2pwg.org
• Three important technologies in Grid Computing nowadays– Java Technology– Common Object Request Broker Architecture
(CORBA)– Distributed Common Object Model (DCOM)
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Current Projects
• Active Sheets• Compute Power Market• DISC World• GridSim• Nimrod/G & GRACE• Virtual Lab• World Wide Grid (WWG)• More ……
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Future
• Grid resources can be used to solve grand challenges in a wide scope of fields, like physics etc.
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Grid in Multimedia Applications• Administrative Hierarchy• Communication Services• Information Services• Naming Services• Distributed File Systems and Caching• System Status and Fault Tolerant Services• Security and Authorization• Resource Management and Scheduling• Programming Tools• User Administration and GUI
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Grid in Multimedia Applications
• Communication Services– It is a problem of how a group of clients
streaming data so as to minimize their costs under the current system status
• Distributed File Systems and Caching– It is a problem of how data are stored in
a group of clients under the current system status
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Grid in Multimedia Applications
• System Status and Fault Tolerant Services• Resource Management and Scheduling• Information Services
– It is a problem of how to manage the join/leave action of clients in the multimedia applications in which it changes the system status
– How such changes affect the decision made by the previous 2 services
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Thank you