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Martin Skov Skjøth-Rasmussen6th International Freiberg Conference
Production of new clean fuelsfrom gasification processes
Green
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Feedstock flexible solutions needed!
Blackliquor
AssociatedGas Flare
H2
COSynthesis Gas
PlatformLiquid fuel
Power
Waste
Biomass
BulkChemicals
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Clean & green fuels and chemicalsfrom gasifications¡ Focus on past, current and futures activities emphasizing
sustainable solutions
¡ Highlights from ongoing activities involving:– BioElectricity
– BioSNG
– BioDME
– BioGasoline
¡ Mainly small-scale biomass based activities, but …
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Skive CHP plant
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¡ Power Plant Process:– 3 Gas Engines with heat recovery
and 2 Gas Boilers
Process overview¡ Gasification Plant Process:
– Carbona air blown, low pressurebubbling fluidized bed gasifier
– Limestone based bed material
– Catalytic tar reforming
– Gas cooling, filtration, and scrubbing
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Tar reforming¡ Gasification of biomass results in a syngas that contains
tars and contaminants– 2500 ppm tar (toluene, benzene, naphthalene)– 100 ppm S, particulates– 850-930 °C, 10-20 bar g
BIOMASS
ASH
GASIFIERTAR REFORMER
¡ Benefits:1. Increased gas production2. Convert polyaromatic
components to an extent thatallows the syngas to cool forfurther processing withoutfouling or precipitation
3. Utilize the high temperaturelevels from gasification forincreased efficiency
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Tar reforming achievements¡ Extended lifetime
– More than a factor 4
¡ Regeneration cycle– Increased on-stream factor
– Further increased lifetime
¡ Major improvements from Topsøecatalyst and tar reformer operationsupport
¡ Side-stream piloting to establishkinetic data for reactor design(+1500 hrs)
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BioSNG
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GoBiGas Scope and project partners¡ Evaluation during 7 years – until 2020
– Start-up in progress
¡ Cooperation between Göteborg Energi AB/GoBiGas and the main suppliers
¡ Purpose to learn from the demonstration plantto enable scaling up to 100 MW in phase 2
¡ Evaluation of the following parameters:
– Product quality
– Plant performance – efficiency etc.
– Plant availability
– Environmental footprint
– Maintenance needs
– Operating costs
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BioSNG production overview
Haldor Topsøe A/S Scope
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Project partners
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BioDME production - overview
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Black Liquor to Green DME Demo
CO2Black Liq.
Water
WGS Sulphur
Guard
MeOHSynthesis
AGRDME
Unit
¡ More than twoyears ofcontinuesoperation!
¡ New MeOHtechnology
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Methanol Synthesis
MeOH reactor
Steam
Raw MeOH
Synthesis GasSteam
Conrad
MeOH cat.
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CONRAD – How it all started
¡ Presented at NGCS in Oslo 1990
¡ Various reactor layouts and sizes tested, but economicassessment was unfavourable due to low STY
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The CONRAD concept¡ CONdensing RADial flow converter
¡ Reactor comprising two-zone tubes
– High T zone in center of tube
– Low T zone along tube wall
¡ Internals for gas-liquid separation
¡ Balance between heat transfer andmass transfer
Methanol
Synthesis gas
Internals
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BioDME production - status
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Fleet test - status¡ 10 trucks from Jan 2011 to Dec. 2012
– ~825.000 km
¡ 8 trucks from Jan 2013 to Dec. 2013– Total: 1.144.000 km, (230.000 km max.)
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Wood2GasolineBioGasoline
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Project partners
- Haldor Topsoe is a leadingworldwide supplier of catalysts andcatalytic technology for fuelconversion and upgrading.- Provides: TIGAS process,syngas cleanup including tarreforming and conversion; overallproject management
- Carbona is a supplier ofbiomass gasification and gascleanup plants- Provides: fluidized-bedgasification, tar reforming,commercialization support
- GTI is the developer of gasifi-cation technology, licensor of acidgas removal process, and owner/operator of pilot plant test facility- Provides: design, construction,and operation of pilot plant plusmodeling, data analysis,commercialization support
- UPM-Kymmene is one of theworld’s largest pulp and papercompanies with more than 100production facilities.- Provides: gathering, handlingand transporting of wood; 1st
commercial plant site
- Phillips 66 is a leading oil refiner &contributor to TIGAS- Provides: Liquids fuels handling,transportation and marketing,sample characterization, pilot plantdesign, construction, operation andscale-up assistance
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Overview of project
Woodchips
Oxygensteam
Off-gas
Gasoline
Water
GasifierTar reformer
ScrubberMorphysorb
Tigas
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Wood2Gasoline achievements¡ Status:
– +1000 hours of operation
– > 2000 gallons gasoline product
– RON = 97, MON =86
¡ Independent engineer approval: October 2013
¡ Engine Emissions Testing– Toxicology review of gasoline components – approved by P66
¡ Fleet Testing - Ongoing– 25-30 vehicles over ~ 6 months
– Accumulate ~250,000 miles
– Timing of tests are dependent on fuel availability
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Comparison with conventional gasoline
Euro 5specification
TIGAS
Research octane no 95* >93
Motor octane no 85* >83
Density at 15 degC 720-775 kg/m3 730 kg/m3
Lead content max. 5 wt ppm nil
Sulfur content max. 10 wt ppm < 10 wt ppm
Hydrocarbon typecontent:
Olefins max. 18 vol% 5-15 vol%
Aromatics max. 35 vol% 25-35 vol%
Benzene max. 1 vol% < 1 vol%
*) Including ethanol (octane booster), and country dependent(e.g. Denmark, RON = 92 and 95)
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Take-home messages¡ Industry is preparing for biomass as feedstock for
production of fuels and bulk chemicals– SNG, Methanol, DME, Gasoline, …
¡ Industry will be ready when it becomes economic to usebiomass as feedstock
¡ Syngas makes a perfect platform for the production ofmany fuels and bulk chemicals from biomass derivedsources
¡ Small-scale applications is challenging from aneconomic process economic point of view
¡ Gas conditioning is the key challenge!
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Thank you