GREEN DORMGREEN DORMEnergy TechnologiesEnergy Technologies
Group 6Bethany Corcoran
Andrew EhrichEric StoutenburgKimberly Walton
The Stanford Delivery Process:The Stanford Delivery Process:Where Are We?Where Are We?
• Feasibility Phase Completed
•Waiting for Board of Trustees Approval to begin Schematic Design
•Design options have been proposed, but no decisions have been determined
Current State NarrativeCurrent State Narrative
Future State NarrativeFuture State Narrative
Project Manager
- Comparable Student Cost- Innovative Leadership on Campus- Realistic New Technologies
Goal Model EvolutionGoal Model Evolution
2. Insert additional goals to form comprehensive list for energy technologies
1. Extract goals from existing list that relate to energy technologies
3. Organize goals to create balanced model
- Electricity Quality and Reliability
- Ease of Operation and Maintenance- Incorporates Ongoing Research
- Model for Sustainable Living
– Remove some goals– Add/Combine some goals:
Goal ModelGoal Model
OptionsOptions
• Biogas Digestor• Microturbine• Fuel Cell• Stirling Engine• Photovoltaic Cells• Electric Vehicles• Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building• Geothermal Heat Pump• Solar Water Heater• Greywater Heat Recovery• Radiant Slab Heating• Natural Gas
Biogas DigestorBiogas Digestor
• Reactor tank
• Produces methane gas from anaerobic digestion
• Odor issues?
• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle
MicroturbineMicroturbine
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant
• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle
75”
28”53”
Fuel CellFuel Cell
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant
• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle
Stirling EngineStirling Engine
• Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Capture and use waste heat from small power plants located at the end use
• Save 40 - 50% of energy compared to conventional power plant
• Ongoing research by Gil Masters and Craig Criddle
Photovoltaic CellsPhotovoltaic Cells
• Use sunlight to generate electricity
• Renewable resource
• Low operation and maintenance involved
• Ongoing research by David Sheu
Electric VehiclesElectric Vehicles
• Store extra electricity in plug-in hybrid vehicle, use as emergency generator
• Electricity equivalent ≈ $1/gallon
• By charging during off-peak hours, 70% of light-vehicle miles could run on today’s electricity grid
• Ongoing research by Paul Kreiner
Energy Efficiency: Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart BuildingSmart Grid & Smart Building
• Monitor electricity rates
• Adjust building electricity usage dynamically
• Minimize electricity costs
Geothermal Heat PumpGeothermal Heat Pump
• Pumps heat to or from the ground into building
• Uses less electricity than typical furnace
• Can also be reversed for air conditioning
Solar Water HeaterSolar Water Heater
• Passive: Integral Collector Storage (ICS)
• Potentially no pump, no controller, no sensors, but depends heavily on climate and time-of-use
• Ongoing research by Jonas Ketterle
Greywater Heat RecoveryGreywater Heat Recovery
• Ongoin research by Paul Kreiner
• Take heat from used shower water and turn into energy
Radiant Slab HeatingRadiant Slab Heating
• Run tubing inside floor to move heat through building
• Heat rises up from floor to the air
• Feet always warm
• Currently used in some Stanford graduate student housing
““Plug and Play” Thermal-Energy SystemPlug and Play” Thermal-Energy System
Hot Water Tank
Natural GasWater Heater
DHW andSpace Heating
electricity
electricity
Biogas
NG
Stirling Engine
Ground-CoupledHeat Pump
SolarWaterHeater
Fuel Cell
electricity
NG
Option PackagesOption Packages
Combined Heat and Power
Biogas Digester
Microturbine
Fuel Cell
Stirling Engine
Natural Gas
Radiant Slab Heating
Solar-Electric
Photovoltaic Cells
Electric Vehicles
Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building
Geothermal Heat Pump
Solar Hot Water Heater
Greywater Heat Recovery
Radiant Slab Heating
Improved Baseline Green
Photovoltaic Cells
Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building
Geothermal Heat Pump
Solar Hot Water Heater
Radiant Slab Heating
Gil's Choice (Everything)
Biogas Digester
Microturbine
Fuel Cell
Stirling Engine
Photovoltaic Cells
Electric Vehicles
Energy Efficiency: Smart Grid & Smart Building
Geothermal Heat Pump
Solar Hot Water Heater
Greywater Heat Recovery
Radiant Slab Heating
Natural Gas
Unweighted Preferences with Respect to Goals
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Ease of Operation and MaintenaceConscientious of Neighhboring Houses
Electricity Quality and Reliability
Thermal Comfort
Model for Sustainable Living
Proving Ground for Building Technologies
Monitor Real-Time Energy Use and Performance
Incorporates Ongoing Research
Low/No Carbon per kWhReduced Energy Use
Minimize First CostMinimize Lifecyle Cost
Parking and Transportation
Cleaning Services
Information Technology
Neighbors
County Codes and Permits
Fire Marshall & Police
Facilities/Grounds Manager
Utilities
Dining Services
Maintenance
Occupational Health and Safety
Alumni
Housing
Visitors
Individual Donors
Corporations
Taylor Engineering
Researchers
Faculty
Students (Residents)
University Officials
Analysis of Option Packages with Respect to Goals
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
Ease of Operation and Maintenace
Conscientious of Neighhboring Houses
Electric ity Quality and Reliability
Thermal Comfort
Model for Sustainable Living
Proving Ground for Building Technologies
Monitor Real-Time Energy Use and Performance
Incorporates Ongoing Stanford Research
Low/ No Carbon per kWh
Reduced Energy Use
Minimize First Cost
Minimize Lifecyle Cost
Combined Heat and Power Solar-Electric Improved Baseline Green Gil's Choice (Everything)
Value of Option Packages with Respect to 2nd Level Goals
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Combined Heat and Power Solar-Electric
Improved Baseline Green Gil's Choice (Everything)
Most Desirable Housing
Living Laboratory for Research
Measurable Environmental
Performance
Economically Sustainable
Value of Option Packages with Respect to Goals
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Combined Heat and Power Solar-Electric Improved Baseline Green Gil's Choice (Everything)
Ease of Operation and
Maintenance
Conscientious of Neighboring
Houses
Electricity Quality and
Reliability Thermal Comfort
Model for Sustainable Living
Proving Ground for Building Technology
Monitor Real-Time Energy Use and
Performance
Incorporates Ongoing Stanford
Research
Low/No Carbon per kWhReduced Energy Use
Minimize First Cost
Minimize Lifecycle Cost
Total Value
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Combined Heat and Power
Solar-Electric Improved Baseline Green
Gil's Choice (Everything)