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Grammar Boot Camp
Sentence Variety:
Sentence Types and Patterns
Adapted from http://www.delmar.edu/engl/wrtctr
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Your Mission:
To Study Sentence Types To Study Sentence Patterns To Write with Varied Syntax
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Phrases/ Clauses
Phrase: Group of related words, missing a subject and/or verb
Clause: Group of words containing both a subject and a verb Independent Clause: Stands Alone Dependent Clause: Does NOT Stand Alone
Also known as Subordinate Clause Usually has a subordinating conjunction
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Common Subordinating Conjunctions
Before After
When Although While Because If That Since
B
A
W
A
W
B
I
T
S
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Relative pronouns
A relative pronoun "relates" a dependent clause to the rest of the sentence. It functions as a “subject.”
A relative pronoun is found only in sentences with more than one clause. A sentence starting w/ a relative pronoun cannot stand alone.
In modern English there are five relative pronouns: that, which, who, whom, and whose.
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Relative Pronoun Examples
He who laughs last laughs best. The dog that ate my homework was really
mean. He started the Daily Show, which was the first
news show of its kind.
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Phrase/ Clause Practice
Identify the following as phrases, dependent clauses, or independent clauses.
1. In the middle of the room.
2. When the girl ate breakfast.
3. She loves puppies.
4. Because he ate play-dough.
5. He threw up.
P
DCIC
DCIC
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Overview
Patterns of independent and dependent clauses create 4 types of sentences
Four Sentence Types: 1. Simple Sentence (1 IC)
2. Compound Sentence (2 ICs)
3. Complex Sentence (1 IC, 1 DC)
4. Compound/Complex Sentence (2 ICs, 1 DC)
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Simple Sentence
Pattern: IC.
Don’t get confused by phrases. A simple sentence can have many phrases.
Don’t get confused by conjunctions. If they aren’t adding two full independent clauses together, you still have a simple sentence.
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Examples
Examples:
1. The brown dog is named Charlie.
2. The brown dog with the red collar always barks loudly.
3. Charlie barked and growled loudly. 4. The tall, good-looking boy with the curly
blond hair laughed uproariously at his best friend’s suggestion.
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Compound Sentences (2 ICs)
Three Types of
Compound
Sentences
A:
Joined with
FANBOYS
B:
Joined with ;
C:
Joined with ; and
Conjunctive adverb
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Compound Sentence : a
Pattern:IC , for IC.and
nor
but Coordinating Conjunctions
or
yet
so
Example: Charlie barks at nothing, and my mom goes crazy.
FANBOYS!
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Compound Sentence: A
More examples…
1. My mom didn’t want Charlie, but my sister convinced her.
2. My sister is in Chicago, so my mom is left to take care of him by herself.
3. My mom claims she can’t wait to get rid of him, but she secretly loves him.
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Compound Sentence : B
Pattern: IC; IC.
Example: I went to the store; I bought some milk.
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Compound Sentence : c
Pattern:IC ; therefore , IC.however
moreover Conjunctive Adverbs
furthermore
Example: I would love to have a cat; however, I know I don’t have time to take care of it.
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Easy Identification…
Look for the FANBOYS! Where does the comma
go?
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Complex Sentences (DC + IC)
2 Types of Complex
Sentences
A:
DC, IC
B:
IC DC
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Complex Sentence : a
Pattern:DC, IC.
Example: When my cat Blacky died,
I was very upset.
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Complex Sentence : b
Pattern:IC DC.
Example: I like cats better than dogs because they are more independent.
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Easy Identification…
Look for the BA WAWBITS!
Where does the comma go?
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Compound-Complex Sentences
3 Types of
Compound-Complex
Sentences
A:
IC, IC DC
B:
IC DC, IC
C:
DC, IC, IC
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Compound/Complex Sentence : aPattern:IC , for IC DC.
and
nor
but Coordinating Conjunctions
or
yet
so
Example: We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who like to watch scary movies, thought that we were wrong.
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Compound/Complex Sentence : b
Pattern:IC DC , for IC.and
nor
but Coordinating Conjunctions or
yet
so
Example: Here is the money that I owe you, and I am happy to be free of debt.
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Compound/Complex Sentence : c
Pattern:DC, IC , for IC.and
nor
but Coordinating Conjunctions or
yet
so
Example: Although I like to go camping, I haven't had the time to go lately, and I haven't found anyone to go with.
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Easy Identification…
Look for BOTH a FANBOYS and a BA WAWBITS!
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Now It’s Your Turn:
Identify the sentence type (simple, compound, complex, compound/complex) for each item below:
1. I was scared when my cat ran away.2. Charlie can be very difficult, but I still love
him because he is so cute.3. Charlie got away from his leash one day, but
he didn’t even try to run away.4. I am happy that my mom has to take care of
him.
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Answer key:
1. Complex2. Compound-Complex3. Compound4. Complex
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How well do you understand?
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Congratulations!
You are now a master of the four grammatical sentence types!