Download - GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA
GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION IN WESTERN NEBRASKA
2018 SORGHUM SYMPOSIUM
Cody CreechDryland Cropping Systems SpecialistPanhandle Research and Extension Center
OUTLINE
• Historical information• How does it fit into a rotation• Weed control• Fertility• Trial results
COUNTY PRODUCTION
Keith County1980 – Harvested 600 acres
- Irrigated 73 bu/a; Dryland 28 bu/a1990 – Harvested 400 acres
- Irrigated 83 bu/a; Dryland 40 bu/a2000 – Harvested 200 acres
- 45 bu/aChase County2010 – Harvested 1,100 acres
- 72.5 bu/a
<15”
>34”
DIFFICULTY OF SUSTAINABILITY
SORGHUM WEED CONTROL
• Sorghum does not compete well with most weeds in the early stages of crop growth, especially under cool or adverse conditions.
• Yield losses from weed interference typically range from 30-50%; crop failure if severe
Dr. Phillip Stahlman, K-State University
HERBICIDE RESISTANT WEEDS IN NEBRASKA
Updated January 2017 – UNL Weed Science
• Common waterhemp: 2, 4, 5, 9, 27 *• Palmer amaranth: 2, 5, 9, 27• Kochia: 2, 4, 5, 9• Horseweed/marestail: 2, 9• Giant ragweed: 9• Common ragweed: 9• Shattercane: 2• Johnsongrass: 2• Redroot pigweed: 5
*WSSA Site of Action Classification
MANAGING HERBICIDE RESISTANCEWhat research says about herbicide mixtures:
Beckie & Rebound (2009)• Mixtures were as effective as not using the herbicide at all
Evans et al. (2016)• Herbicide mixing was strongly linked with reduced
resistance• 2.5 MOA per application – 83 times less likely to select
resistant weeds
Werle, Sandell et al. (2014)
SORGHUM WEED CONTROL
MarestailKochia Marestail
WaterhempPalmer amaranth
Grasses
http://www.sorghumcheckoff.com
Herbicide Program for Grain Sorghum
MOST COMMON HERBICIDES IN SORGHUM
• Atrazine is the foundation herbicide for broadleaf weed control.
• Atrazine can be applied preplant, preemergence, or postemergence (don’t exceed 2.5 lb ai/A per year).
• Usually mixed with a chloracetamide herbicide (group 15: alachlor, dimethenamid, s-metolachlor, or metolachlor) for preemergence grass control.
• Herbicide-safened sorghum seed (Concep® III) is needed with use of chloracetamide herbicides.
Dr. Phillip Stahlman, K-State University
HERBICIDE OPTIONS – BURNDOWN/PREPLANT
Herbicides Application Cost/acre:
Aim + 2,4-D + Glyphosate w/wo Atrazine 10 – 30 days before planting $10 – $20
Atrazine* 0-45 days before planting $10
Bicep II Magnum/Cinch ATZ* 0-30 days before planting** $22 – $26
Degree Extra/Fultime NXT After planting, before emerg.** $32 – $44
Glyphosate*** Before crop emergence $5
Gramoxone Before crop emergence $11 – $16
Lexar EZ* 7 – 21 days before planting $43
Lumax EZ* 7 – 14 days before planting $44
*Do not use on sandy soil**Must use seed treated with safener***Recommended to add an additional tank mix partner and/or residual
UNL RECOMMENDATION WHEN USING 2,4-D OR DICAMBA BEFORE PLANTING:
2,4-D (both ester and amine)• 16 fl oz – apply no fewer than 10 days before planting• >16 fl oz – apply no fewer than 21 days before planting
Dicamba• 4 fl oz – apply no fewer than 7 days before planting• 8 fl oz – apply no fewer than 10 days before planting
HERBICIDE OPTIONS – PREEMERGENCE
Herbicides Application Cost/acre:
Atrazine* EPP, PPSA, PP, PRE $5 – $10
Bicep II Magnum/Cinch ATZ* EPP, PPSA, PRE** $22 – $26
Degree Extra/Fultime NXT PPI, PRE** $32 – $44
Dual II Magnum/Cinch* EPP, PPSA, PRE $17 – $20
Lexar EZ* 7 – 21 DBP** $43
Lumax EZ* 7 – 14 DBP, EPP, PPSA, PPI, PRE** $44
Outlook 0 – 30 DBP** $7 – $14
Sharpen Preplant or PRE $6 – $12
Verdict Preplant or PRE $20 – $36
Warrant Preplant, PRE, or POST $13 - $30
*Do not use on sandy soil**Must use seed treated with safener
HERBICIDE OPTIONS – POSTEMERGENCEHerbicides Application/Notes Cost/acre:
2,4-D 5” to early boot $1 – $2
Aim EC (may mix with atrazine* or Dicamba) Good coverage required $3 (Aim only)
Atrazine* (may mix with dicamba) Partial control of grass >1” tall $5 – $10 (Atrazine only)
Buctril (may mix with atrazine* or dicamba) 3 leaf – 12” tall sorghum $6 (Buctril only)
Dicamba 3 – 5 leaf $5
Huskie (may mix with atrazine*) 3 leaf – 18” tall sorghum $13 – $15 (Huskie only)
Paramount (may mix with atrazine*) Emergence to 12” sorghum $20 – $31 (Paramount only)
Peak (may mix with dicamba) 5 – 30” sorghum $4 – $17 (Peak only)
Permit (many tank mix partners) 2 leaf to layby (prior to heading) $15 – $23
Starane Ultra 3 leaf to boot (use drops at 8 leaf) $15
Yukon 2 leaf to 15” $13 – $19
*Do not use on sandy soil
NITROGEN RECOMMENDATIONS
South Dakota• N = Yield Goal x 1.1 – soil test N (0-2ft) – legume credits* + 30 lbs N/a for no-till
Kansas• N = (YG x 1.6)- (SOM x 20)- PCA- Manure - Tillage - Profile N
NEBRASKA RECOMMENDATION
NITROGEN PLACEMENT IN NO-TILL
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
1) Start clean and use a good PRE herbicide2) Use a short season hybrid3) Plant as early as possible4) Provide adequate fertility5) Scout often
RECENT RESULTS FROM SIDNEY
DRYLAND FORAGE SORGHUM
Variety Height IN. Tons/A Dry Matter Crude Protein% ADF % Dry Basis NDF% Dry Basis RFV TDN % Dry Basis 1st Choice BMR 64.3 1.5 7 33.5 54.7 107.7 64.4 Honey Graze V 69.3 1.2 7.5 33.9 57.9 100.7 63.9 Silo Mor II BMR 50 1.4 7.9 33.1 57.1 102.7 64.8 NK300 48 1.7 6.7 36.4 59.3 95 61.1 SP2774 65.7 1.3 6.3 34.1 55.7 104.3 63.7 SP4555 58 1.2 6 32.2 53.7 111 65.8 SP4105 46.3 1.5 8.3 34.1 57.9 100.3 63.7 NUTRI-CANE II 60.7 1.6 8.1 33.4 58.3 100.3 64.4 SWEETLEAF II 77.3 1.4 4.9 42.7 65.7 79 53.8 GW 400 BMR 60 1.5 6.8 32.7 54.1 109 65.2 GW 2120 45 1.2 8.3 33.1 57.1 103 64.8 Sweet Forever BMR 55.7 1.2 6.3 33.9 56.3 103.3 63.9 Nutri King BMR 63 1.3 7 35.4 55.3 103.3 62.2 Super Sugar DM 63.7 1.2 8.2 33.6 58.6 99.3 63.9 AF7101 72.3 1.4 6.7 33.7 57.9 99.7 62.7 AF7102 51.7 1.4 9.5 35 57.4 101.7 64.3 AS6402 42 0.9 8 33.7 58.2 100.3 64.1 AS9302 61 1.1 9.5 35 59.6 96.3 62.6 ADV6504 58.3 1.3 5.5 34.4 57.9 99.7 63.2 Corn Silage Control 67.7 0.5 7.3 36.1 57.7 98 61.4
IRRIGATED FORAGE SORGHUM
Variety Height IN. Tons/A Dry Matter Crude Protein % ADF % Dry Basis NDF % Dry Basis RFV TDN % Dry Basis BlackHawk 12 96.7 6 6.8 40.3 57.6 92.7 56.51 Nighthawk 6 78.3 6 10.1 39.3 58.5 93 57.56 Pelican BD 6 94.7 6.5 6.7 41.8 58.2 90.3 54.9 SeaHawk 6 123.7 6.5 4.5 46.1 60.8 81 50 NK300 73.7 8.5 5.8 39 54.4 101.3 57.9 SP2774 111.7 5.6 5.8 40.5 55 98 56.4 SP4555 98.3 6.1 5.7 37.4 52.1 106.7 59.9 SP4105 82.7 6.1 7.5 42.1 59.2 88 54.4 NUTRI-CANEII 111.7 6.8 5.9 35.9 52 110 61.6 SWEETLEAF II 110.3 6.2 5 46.3 64.6 76.5 49.6 X5063 122.2 3 4.5 38.7 51.2 107.3 58.3 X50712 92.7 3.9 6.4 36 52.5 108 61.8 X50644 75.7 5.2 8.5 42 58.7 89.3 54.6 X50610 68.7 7.7 7.9 42.9 60.2 86 53.6 X51423 80.3 5.2 10.9 37 53.6 104.3 60.3 X54243 133.3 4.6 4.2 40.1 58.6 91.3 56.6 GW 600 BMR 91.3 7.1 8.5 39.7 57.2 94.7 57.2 Silo Pro BD BMR 66 6.7 9.3 35.9 55.4 102.3 61.5 GW 400 BMR 101.7 8.3 6.9 37.8 52.8 104.7 59.4 GW 475 BMR 109 4.9 6.9 40 56.6 95.2 56.8 GW 2120 94 5.4 7.1 35.5 52.7 108.3 62.1 Sweet Forever BMR 111.3 7.9 6.3 38.2 57.5 95.7 58.9 Nutri King BMR 86.3 5.1 4.5 41.8 56.1 93.7 54.8 Super Sugar DM 107.7 6.2 5.3 39.5 54.5 99.3 57.3 Corn Silage Control 97.7 5.7 9.5 40.7 59.1 90.3 56.1
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