Grain Elevator
Cost Schedule
Revised - January, 2009/May, 2012
Created - December, 2004
Prepared by the MAAO Agricultural Committee
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Pg.
Introduction and Maps
Section A
Grain elevator cost schedule .......................................................................................................................A.1
Physical deterioration .................................................................................................................................A.2
Functional obsolescence .............................................................................................................................A.3
Economic obsolescence..............................................................................................................................A.4
MN Biofuel Processing Plant Cities ...........................................................................................................A.5
Map Of Ethanol Facilities In MN ...............................................................................................................A.6
MN Border States Biofuel Processing Plant Cities ......................................................................................A.7
United States Ethanol Production capacity by States ...................................................................................A.8
Historic U.S. Ethanol: Production,..............................................................................................................A.9
Distillers Grain export/consumption ...........................................................................................................A.10
U.S. Ethanol production impact on global grain supplies ............................................................................A.11
MN Shuttle Elevator Cities.........................................................................................................................A.12
Cost Schedules
Section B
Wood crib grain elevator ............................................................................................................................B.1
Pricing Example .........................................................................................................................................B.2
Concrete grain elevators .............................................................................................................................B.3
Concrete Grain elevators (no head house) ...................................................................................................B.4
Steel grain complex ....................................................................................................................................B.5
Section C
Steel hopper bins ........................................................................................................................................C.1
Corrugated steel grain bins .........................................................................................................................C.3
Section D
Feed mill wood construction ......................................................................................................................D.1
Feed mill concrete and steel construction....................................................................................................D.2
Section E
Dry Mill Process ........................................................................................................................................E.1
Dry Mill Plant Layout ................................................................................................................................E.3
Ethanol Plants ............................................................................................................................................E.5
Dry Mill Structures Descriptions ................................................................................................................E.6
Wet Mill Plants ..........................................................................................................................................E.7 Soybean Processing Plants…………………………………………………………………………………………….E.8
Section F
Welded Carbon Steel tanks.........................................................................................................................F.1
Section G
Grain storage buildings ..............................................................................................................................G.1
Bulk head / Bunkers / Grain liners ..............................................................................................................G. 2
Table of Contents
Table of Contents (cont) Pg.
Section H
Fertilizer plants ..........................................................................................................................................H.1
Section I
Anhydrous (NH3)/Liquid Propane (LP) storage tanks .................................................................................I.1
Stainless steel / poly tanks / concrete dike walls for herbicides ...................................................................I.2
Section J
Railroad siding schedule ............................................................................................................................J.1
Section K
Exempt machinery, equipment and structures .............................................................................................K.1
Appendices
Section L - Appendices
Appendix A: Field checklist ......................................................................................................................L.1
Appendix B: Glossary ...............................................................................................................................L.3
Appendix C: Ethanol Glossary ..................................................................................................................L.5
Appendix D: Minnesota Railroad and Mileage ..........................................................................................L.6
Appendix E: .............................................................................................................................................L.7
Appendix F: Minnesota Railroads Websites ..............................................................................................L.8
Appendix G: Minnesota Railroads - Rail Car Weight and Capacity............................................................L.9
Appendix H: Shuttle Elevator Contacts .....................................................................................................L.10
12/04 Section A page 1
GRAIN ELEVATOR COST SCHEDULE
The following schedule provides replacement
cost information to be used as a guide in
estimating the cost new for grain elevators.
The costs reflected are 100 percent; therefore
it may be necessary to adjust to the local level
of assessment.
Acknowledgments are given to Vanguard
Appraisals, Inc. of Cedar Rapids, Iowa and
Marshall-Swift Valuation Services of Los
Angeles, CA, in development of some of the
cost schedules.
Although replacement cost new can be
estimated with reasonable accuracy for grain
elevators, estimating the amount of accrued
depreciation can be far more difficult.
Changes in the industry in the last ten years
and outside competition have caused many
grain elevator operations to suffer from
functional and/or economic obsolescence. The
current emphasis is on facilities that provided
greater cost-efficiency and lower
transportation costs. Some discussion and
examples of physical deterioration, functional
obsolescence and economic obsolescence will
be provided.
There are different types of grain handling
and storage facilities. It is necessary to
distinguish between these types in the highest
and best use analysis. Factors that cause
economic and functional obsolescence may
not be the same. The type of grain elevator is
identified by function, not physical
characteristics. As with any appraisal, the first
step is the analysis and determination of the
highest and best use of the subject property.
This is critical in order to put the appraiser in
the right market in the data collection process
and provides essential information in
determining functional and/or economic
obsolescence. There are two major types of
grain elevator operations: country and
terminal.
A country elevator generally buys grain
directly from an individual farm operation
and resells to a terminal elevator or directly to
a grain processor. Minimal 1 - 2 through puts
are common with country elevators. They do
not handle large volumes of grain; typically
between 500 to 5,000 bushels per hour. The
construction is lighter than a terminal elevator
and is wood cribbed or concrete. There may
be other profit centers associated with a
country elevator such as a feed mill, farm
supplies store, fuel sales and/or fertilizer
plant. The predominant mode of
transportation is either by truck or rail. There
are some typical disadvantages found in
country elevators as opposed to terminal
elevators. For example, labor costs are
generally higher as there is not as much
automation within the facilities. In many
cases, the annex bins require additional labor
due to lack of automation in loading and/or
unloading. Round steel bins may also be
found in a country elevator operation. These
bins are intended to be emptied seasonally,
and if there is no permanent loading or
unloading some functional obsolescence
should be recognized. Refer to pages 3 and 4
for functional and economic obsolescence.
A terminal grain elevator purchases its grain
from country elevators or directly from the
farmer. Grain is then sold directly to grain
processors or exporters. Typical types of
terminal elevators may include unit-train and
river barge. Major modes of transportation are
by rail, truck or barge depending upon the
type of terminal elevator. Handling speeds are
greater than a country terminal and typically
range from 10,000 bushels per hour to 30,000
bushels per hour. Construction is heavier, has
faster handling speeds, and typically is
reinforced concrete.
12/04 Section A page 2
PHYSICAL DETERIORATION Physical deterioration refers to the general
wear and tear of building components. The
greater the amount of physical deterioration,
the less utility is provided by the buildings.
Although there is no specific percent that
can be used for all grain elevator operations,
the following is a suggested guide. This
depreciation guide assumes normal
maintenance and recognizes only physical
deterioration; therefore, it may be necessary
to consider further allowances for functional
and/or economic obsolescence. It cannot be
emphasized too strongly that this is only a
guide and is not meant to be a substitute for
the appraiser's judgment based on an actual
physical inspection.
Physical Depreciation Guide
Wood Crib Elevator and Annex
Effective Age Percent Depreciated 19- 21 40%
22- 25 45%
26- 29 50%
30 -33 55%
34- 37 60%
38- 41 65%
42 -45 70%
46 -50 75%
51 -60 80%
over 60 85%
Concrete Elevators and Annex
Effective Age Percent Depreciated 0 -2 3%
3 -4 6%
5 -6 9%
7 -9 12%
10-12 15%
13- 15 20%
16- 18 25%
19- 21 30%
22- 24 35%
25- 27 40%
28- 30 45%
31 -34 50%
35 -40 55%
41 -45 60% 46 -50 65%
51 -55 70%
56- 60 75%
over 60 80%
12/04 Section A page 3
FUNCTIONAL OBSOLESCENCE
Functional obsolescence is the inability of a
structure to adequately perform the purpose
for which it is currently being used. It can be
caused by changes in the state of the art, a
deficiency in the structure due to
undercapacity, lack of modernization or
overimprovement. Functional obsolescence
results in less efficiency and may be curable
or incurable.
Curable functional obsolescence may be
measured by the cost to cure.
An example may be flat storage with
no permanent loading or unloading
system. This results in excess cost
due to additional labor and/or
potential damage to grain being
removed.
Another example may be the
electrical system. Many of the older
elevators have inadequate systems
that will not allow maximum
handling efficiency.
Another example may be a country
elevator with a one-leg system where
a two-leg system would provide
more efficiency due to the ability to
handle higher volumes of grain.
Another example may be a situation
in an older elevator where the truck
scale is of insufficient size to handle
modern trucks. Many of the older
facilities do not meet OSHA, MPCA
or MDA standards.
Incurable functional may result from an
overimprovement or deficiency. In the case
of a deficiency, the amount may be
measured by capitalizing the income loss or
analyzing comparable sales if sufficient
information is available.
An example may be an operation
originally designed as a unit-train
elevator, but due to abandonment of
rail service, mergers and
consolidations, and the move to
larger train loading stations, it may
now function only as a country
branch elevator. In this case, the
excess of construction over what the
elevator is currently being used for
may represent the amount of
depreciation resulting from the
overimprovement. Typically, this
may be measured by analyzing the
difference between reproduction vs.
replacement cost new.
Another example of incurable
functional obsolescence would be
where several country elevators have
been combined under one ownership
at different geographic locations.
Generally, if they were combined at
one location within the same
complex, they could operate more
cost-effectively. In this instance,
capitalizing the net income loss as a
result of excess costs would be the
best measure of estimating the loss in
value.
12/04 Section A page 4
ECONOMIC OBSOLESCENCE
Economic (or locational) obsolescence is a
loss in value due to negative influences
outside the property itself. It is usually
incurable but not necessarily permanent. It
is the impairment of desirability or useful
life arising from economic forces, such as
changes in highest and best use, railroad
closing, and changes in supply-demand
relationships.
The measure of this type of obsolescence
may be estimated by capitalizing the net
income stream or comparing sales of similar
types of property. Typical examples of loss
in value may be due to rail abandonment,
inability to secure rail cars, disadvantages
of competing modes of transportation,
adverse changes in freight rates and local
competition from nearby elevators,
terminals, large integrated feed
operations, larger on site farm storage,
ethanol and bean plants, and river
terminals. Location on a shortline
railroad versus a major line impacts rates
offered.
However, the appraiser must carefully
analyze all the facts in determining whether
or not any of the above factors actually
affect the value of the subject property .
A typical example may be the result
of rail abandonment. This may or
may not have an effect on the value
of the elevator. Perhaps the elevator
did not rely on rail service initially. It
would be necessary to determine
how much the elevator was shipping
prior to the abandonment compared
to how much they are shipping after
the abandonment. In contrast would
be a unit-train elevator that relies
solely on rail for transportation.
Another example may be a river
terminal that has difficulty in the
winter when the river freezes or has
very high expenses as a result of
having to redredge the river every so
many years. Again, close analysis is
necessary when adjusting for
different modes of transportation. A
river terminal may have favorable
truck or rail rates in the winter
months that offset other negative
factors. In other words, one negative
influence may be more than offset by
another positive influence.
There are other examples when
transportation factors may not have a
negative effect on value.
There may be an area where rail
service is high, but perhaps the
subject property is located close to a
soybean processing plant and truck
rates are very favorable.
Another example may be where
there are increases in rail rates, but
the subject property is a country
elevator that relies predominantly on
truck transportation. A way to
measure if there is any obsolescence
due to modes of transportation would
be to compare alternatives on a per
bushel basis.
05/12 Section A page 5
CITIES WITH BIOFUEL PROCESSING PLANTS IN MN
* MGY = Millions of Gallons produced per Year (From Ethanol Producer Magazine dated April/2012)
Current Ethanol Production
CITY MGY * COUNTY Albert Lea-----------------------------------------------------42-------------------------------------------------------Freeborn
Atwater --------------------------------------------------------- 65------------------------------------------------------ Kandiyohi
Benson---------------------------------------------------------- 46-------------------------------------------------------------Swift
Bingham Lake------------------------------------------------- 35---------------------------------------------------- Cottonwood
Buffalo Lake -------------------------------------------------- 20--------------------------------------------------------- Renville
Claremont ------------------------------------------------------ 45----------------------------------------------------------- Dodge
Fairmont ------------------------------------------------------- 115 --------------------------------------------------------- Martin
Fergus Falls --------------------------------------------------- 60------------------------------------------------------- Otter Tail
Granite Falls --------------------------------------------------- 60------------------------------------------------------- Chippewa
Heron Lake ---------------------------------------------------- 50--------------------------------------------------------- Jackson
Janesville------------------------------------------------------- 100 -------------------------------------------------------- Waseca
Lamberton ----------------------------------------------------- 55------------------------------------------------------- Redwood
Lake Crystal --------------------------------------------------- 57------------------------------------------------------ Blue Earth
Little Falls ----------------------------------------------------- 20.5 ----------------------------------------------------- Morrison
Luverne -------------------------------------------------------- 21------------------------------------------------------------- Rock
Marshall -------------------------------------------------------- 40------------------------------------------------------------- Lyon
Melrose --------------------------------------------------------- 2.6 --------------------------------------------------------- Stearns Morris ---------------------------------------------------------- 24---------------------------------------------------------- Stevens
Preston---------------------------------------------------------- 48---------------------------------------------------------Fillmore
Welcome ------------------------------------------------------- 110 --------------------------------------------------------- Martin
Winnebago----------------------------------------------------- 49-------------------------------------------------------- Faribault
Winthrop ------------------------------------------------------- 95----------------------------------------------------------- Sibley
Current BioDiesel Production
CITY MGY* COUNTY
Albert Lea ----------------------------------------------------- 30-------------------------------------------------------- Freeborn
Brewster -------------------------------------------------------- 30---------------------------------------------------------- Nobles
Isanti ------------------------------------------------------------ 3 ------------------------------------------------------------- Isanti
Hallock (canola oil and feed production plant) --------- ------------------------------------------------------------- Kittson
02/08 Section A page 6
02/08 Section A page 7
CITIES WITH BIOFUEL PROCESSING PLANTS BORDERING MN
Current Ethanol/Biodiesel Production
IOWA Albert City -------------------- 110
Arthur -------------------------- 110
Ashton --------------------------- 56
Cedar Rapids ------------------ 260 Charles City ------------------- 110
Clinton ------------------------- 147
Coon Rapids -------------------- 54
Corning -------------------------- 65
Council Bluffs ---------------- 110
Denison -------------------------- 55
Dyersville --------------------- 100
Eddyville ------------------------ 35
Emmetsburg--------------------- 55
Fairbank ----------------------- 110
Fort Dodge -------------------- 110
Galva ----------------------------- 30
Goldfield------------------------- 60
Gowrie --------------------------- 69
Grand Junction --------------- 100
Hartley ------------------------- 110
Hanlontown --------------------- 56 Iowa Falls ----------------------- 90
Jewell ---------------------------- 69
Lakota -------------------------- 100
Marcus --------------------------- 92
Mason City -------------------- 115
Menlo -------------------------- 110
Merrill---------------------------- 50
Muscatine ----------------------- 20
New Hampton ---------------- 100
Nevada --------------------------- 55
Riga------------------------------- 57
Shenandoah --------------------- 65
Sioux Center -------------------- 60
St. Ansgar --------------------- 110
Steamboat Rock ---------------- 31
Superior -------------------------- 55
West Burlington -------------- 100
NORTH DAKOTA Casselton ---------------------- 110
Grafton --------------------------- 10
Hankinson --------------------- 110
Richardton ----------------------- 50
Underwood ---------------------- 50
Walhalla ------------------------- 23
SOUTH DAKOTA Aberdeen-------------------------- 9
Aurora -------------------------- 120
Big Stone City ----------------- 79
Chancellor --------------------- 110 Groton --------------------------- 53
Hudson -------------------------- 56
Huron ---------------------------- 12
Loomis -------------------------- 60
Marion ------------------------- 100
Mitchell ------------------------- 68
Mina ---------------------------- 107
Redfield ------------------------- 50
Rosholt -------------------------- 20
Scotland ------------------------- 11
Watertown --------------------- 100
Wentworth ---------------------- 50
WISCONSIN Boyceville ---------------------- 40
Cambria ------------------------- 40 Friesland ------------------------ 49
Greenwood ----------------------- 3
Jefferson Junction ------------ 110
Necedah ------------------------- 50
Milton --------------------------- 52
Monroe -------------------------- 48
Stanley -------------------------- 41
05/12 Section A page 8
05/12 Section A page 8
02/08 Section A page 10
02/08 Section A page 11
02/08 Section A page 12
CITIES WITH SHUTTLE ELEVATORS IN MN
CITY RAILROAD COUNTY
Alberta ----------------------------------------------------------BNSF ----------------------------------------------Stevens
Alvarado ----------------------------------------------------------CP----------------------------------------------- Marshall
Argyle -----------------------------------------------------------BNSF -------------------------------------------- Marshall
Barnesville ------------------------------------------------- OTV/BNSF -----------------------------------------------Clay
Breckenridge --------------------------------------------------BNSF ----------------------------------------------- Wilkin
Brewster ----------------------------------------------------------UP ------------------------------------------------ Nobles
Brownton (effective 2012) -------------------------------- TC&W --------------------------------------------- McLeod
Buffalo Lake (effective 2012) ---------------------------- TC&W --------------------------------------------- Renville
Clara City ------------------------------------------------------BNSF -------------------------------------------Chippewa
Clarkfield -------------------------------------------------------BNSF --------------------------------- Yellow Medicine
Crookston ------------------------------------------------------BNSF -------------------------------------------------- Polk
Duluth3 -----------------------------------------------------BNSF/CP/UP---------------------------------------- St. Louis
Elbow Lake ------------------------------------------------------CP--------------------------------------------------- Grant
Erskine ----------------------------------------------------------BNSF -------------------------------------------------- Polk
Fairmont ------------------------------------------------------- UP/CP ----------------------------------------------- Martin
Fergus Falls1 ----------------------------------------------- BNSF/OTV ---------------------------------------- Otter Tail
French -----------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------- Otter Tail
Glenwood --------------------------------------------------------CP---------------------------------------------------- Pope
Hanley Falls ---------------------------------------------------BNSF --------------------------------- Yellow Medicine
Hazel --------------------------------------------------------------CP-------------------------------------------- Pennington
Herman ---------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------------ Grant
Heron Lake ------------------------------------------------------UP ----------------------------------------------- Jackson
Hills -------------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------------- Rock
Hoffman ----------------------------------------------------------CP--------------------------------------------------- Grant
Holloway -------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------------- Swift
Jasper ------------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------- Pipestone
Lamberton--------------------------------------------------------CP---------------------------------------------- Redwood
Madelia1 ----------------------------------------------------------UP -------------------------------------------- Watonwan
Marna2 ------------------------------------------------------------UP ---------------------------------------------- Faribault
Marshall3 -------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------------- Lyon
Maynard --------------------------------------------------------BNSF -------------------------------------------Chippewa
Miloma------------------------------------------------------------UP ----------------------------------------------- Jackson
Minneapolis--------------------------------------------------- CP/UP ------------------------------------------- Hennepin
Mountain Lake --------------------------------------------------UP ------------------------------------------ Cottonwood
Murdock --------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------------- Swift
New Ulm ---------------------------------------------------------CP-------------------------------------------------- Brown
Rothsay1 --------------------------------------------------------BNSF ----------------------------------------------- Wilkin
Ruthton ---------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------- Pipestone
Savage1 -----------------------------------------------------------UP --------------------------------------------------- Scott
Split Rock ------------------------------------------------------BNSF ------------------------------------------- Pipestone
Springfield -------------------------------------------------------CP-------------------------------------------------- Brown
St. Hilaire1 -----------------------------------------------------BNSF ----------------------------------------- Pennington
St. James----------------------------------------------------------UP -------------------------------------------- Watonwan
St. Paul1 ------------------------------------------------------ BNSF/UP ------------------------------------------- Ramsey
Tenney ------------------------------------------------------------CP----------------------------------------------- Traverse
Ulen -------------------------------------------------------------BNSF --------------------------------------------------Clay
Walnut Grove ---------------------------------------------------CP---------------------------------------------- Redwood
Warren ------------------------------------------------------------CP----------------------------------------------- Marshall
Welcome ---------------------------------------------------------UP ------------------------------------------------- Martin
1 – The grain elevators in these cities meet the MN DOR definition of a shuttle elevator but not the railroad’s
2 – The grain elevators in these cities meet the railroad’s definition of a shuttle elevator but not MN DOR’s
3 – The grain elevator in Duluth is for exporting only while the grain elevator in Marshall is for a grain processor
05/12 Section B page 1
WOOD CRIB GRAIN ELEVATOR Wood Crib Elevator w/Wood Crib Annex
The above is an example of a metal clad wood crib elevator. When estimating the replacement cost of an elevator with annex, combine the total bushel capacity of the elevator and annex only. Use the bushel capacity as indicated by government license posted in the driveway or scale room. The office, scale room and driveway are not included in the cost per bushel and should be priced separately.
Elevator Cost Annex Annex
Bushel Per Bushel Cost Per
Capacity Bushel Capacity Bushel
20,000 $5.65 50,000 $2.65
30,000 5.20 75,000 2.40
40,000 4.75 100,000 2.20
50,000 4.30 150,000 2.05
75,000 3.95 200,000 1.90
100,000 3.40 500,000 1.60
150,000 3.05
200,000 2.65
500,000 2.25
Notes
If there is no headhouse, deduct $.30 per bushel.
Use $10 to $20 per square foot for driveways.
Office and scale room costs range from $30 to $35 per square foot if no basement. If a basement is included, add approximately $10 to above costs.
For detached offices use an alternate rate per square foot such as Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 15).
Wood frame holding bins above driveway, use $2.00 per cubic foot.
For rail siding costs, see section J-1.
a. Elevator
b. Annex
c. Annex
d. Elevator a b c
d
01/09 Section B page 2
PRICING EXAMPLE
Estimating replacement cost new of wood crib elevator and annex elevator pictured on page 1 of
Section B.
Remember to combine the total bushel capacity when selecting the cost per bushel for the
elevator and annex only.
a. Elevator: 50,000 bushels
b. Annex: 40,000 bushels
c. Annex: 110,000 bushels
d. Elevator: 68,000 bushels
Total Bushel Capacity 268,000 bushels
a. 50,000 x $2.65 = $ 132,500
b. 40,000 x $1.90 = $ 76,000
c. 110,000 x $1.90 = $ 209,000
d. 68,000 x $2.65 = $ 180,200
RCN of elevator & annex: $597,700
NOTES
Value grain bins as per grain bin schedule. Do not include in your per bushel capacity for elevator annex.
01/09 Section B page 3
CONCRETE GRAIN ELEVATORS Concrete grain elevator w/concrete annex
The above is an example of a concrete elevator with headhouse and annex. When estimating the replacement cost of an elevator with annex, combine the total bushel capacity of the elevator and annex only. Use the bushel capacity as indicated by government license posted in the driveway or scale room. The office, scale room and driveway are not included in the cost per bushel and should be priced separately. Elevator Annex With Clustered With Clustered Hopper Bottom Hopper Bottom Silos And Cost Silos And Cost Intersticing Per Intersticing Per
Bushel Capacity Bushel Bushel Capacity Bushel
50,000 $7.20 50,000 $4.10
75,000 6.65 75,000 3.70 100,000 6.35 100,000 3.60
150,000 5.60 150,000 3.35 200,000 5.15 200,000 3.15
250,000 4.75 250,000 3.00 300,000 4.55 300,000 2.90
400,000 4.35 400,000 2.75 500,000 4.20 500,000 2.60
600,000 3.95 600,000 2.55 700,000 3.80 700,000 2.40
800,000 3.70 800,000 2.35 900,000 3.60 900,000 2.25
1,000,000 3.50 1,000,000 2.15
2,000,000 3.00 2,000,000 1.85
NOTES
When assessing older concrete elevators with headhouses, check to determine if the headhouse is being used to protect non weather-proof legs, motors, machinery, and equipment. If the headhouse is no longer necessary due to modernization with all weather-proof machinery and equipment, make the proper functional obsolescence adjustment to reflect this.
a. Elevator w/intersticing
b. Headhouse
c. Annex
b
a
c
01/09 Section B page 4
CONCRETE GRAIN ELEVATORS Concrete grain elevator (no headhouse)
The above is an example of a concrete elevator with intersticing and annex but no headhouse. (Note the exposed leg system.)
Elevator With Elevator With Clustered Clustered Annex With Annex With Hopper Bottom Flat Bottom Clustered Individual Silos And Silos And Flat Bottom Flat Bottom Bushel Intersticing Intersticing Silos Silos Capacity Cost Per Bu. Cost Per Bu. Cost Per Bu. Cost Per Bu. 50,000 $5.85 $5.45 $2.95 $2.75
75,000 5.40 5.05 2.75 2.55 100,000 5.15 4.80 2.55 2.40
150,000 4.60 4.30 2.45 2.30 200,000 4.20 3.95 2.30 2.15
250,000 3.90 3.65 2.20 2.05 300,000 3.70 3.50 2.10 1.95
400,000 3.55 3.30 2.05 1.90 500,000 3.45 3.25 1.95 1.80
600,000 3.30 3.10 1.80 1.70
700,000 3.15 2.95 1.75 1.65 800,000 3.05 2.85 1.70 1.60
900,000 3.00 2.80 1.65 1.55 1,000,000 2.90 2.70 1.60 1.50
2,000,000 2.50 2.30 1.40 1.30
NOTES Concrete office without basement use $35 per square foot; with a basement use $40 per square foot. For detached
offices use an alternate rate per square foot such as Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 15).
Use $30-$40 per square foot for driveway area.
Use $1.50 to $2 per cubic foot for vertical and/or horizontal housing for conveyor systems located outside the headhouse.
For rail siding residual, refer to section J-1.
Consider clusters of 3 or 4 silos which share common walls which form only 1 interstice as being annex without
intersticing.
01/09 Section B page 5
STEEL GRAIN COMPLEX
a. Costs for bolted and welded steel bins per bushel capacity:
100,000 - $1.30 per bushel
250,000 - $1.25 per bushel
500,000 - $1.20 per bushel
1,000,000 - $1.15 per bushel
b. Office
Office and scale room without basement use $40 to $50 per square foot; with a basement
use $50 to $60 per square foot.
For detached offices use an alternate rate per square foot such as Marshall Swift
Valuation Service (Section 15).
c. Use $30 - $40 per square foot for driveway area.
NOTES
Suggested economic life of a bolted or welded steel bin with concrete floor is 40 years.
Square shape metal bins use $10.00 per bushel.
(Above driveway supported
by elevator steel structure.)
e. Metal holding bin
c. Driveway
a. Welded steel bin
b. Office
d. Load-out Tank (such as Bulk-O-Matic Tank)
a a d e
c
b
01/09 Section C page 1
STEEL HOPPER BINS
Size Capacity Price Size Capacity Price
Sidewall Bolted Welded Sidewall Bolted Welded
DIA x Height BU. Tons Steel Steel DIA x Height BU. Tons Steel Steel
6' x 3' 100 2.5 $1,440 --- 15' x 11' 2,715 67.9 $12,400 $14,880
6' x 5' 178 4.5 1,660 $2,990 15' x 13' 3,255 81.4 13,930 16,720
6' x 8' 250 6.3 1,780 3,440 15' x 16' 3,790 94.8 14,530 17,440
6' x 10' 298 7.5 --- 3,800 15' x 19' 4,330 108.3 15,350 18,420
6' x 11' 322 8.1 1,950 --- 15' x 21' 4,870 121.8 16,030 19,240
6' x 12' 346 8.7 --- 3,960 15' x 24' 5,410 135.3 16,890 20,270
7' x 3' 140 3.5 1,750 --- 15' x 27' 5,945 148.6 17,830 21,390
7' x 5' 220 5.5 1,980 --- 15' x 29' 6,485 162.1 18,840 ---
7' x 8' 300 7.5 2,230 --- 15' x 32' 7,025 175.6 19,870 ---
7' x 11' 380 9.5 2,460 --- 15' x 35' 7,560 189.0 21,380 ---
7' x 13' 465 11.6 2,900 --- 16' x 10' 2,410 60.3 --- 13,860
7' x 16' 550 13.8 3,140 --- 16' x 12' 2,751 68.8 --- 14,370
8' x 5' 351 8.8 --- 4,020 16' x 15' 3,254 81.4 --- 16,030
8' x 8' 479 12.0 --- 4,610 16' x 17' 3,607 90.2 --- 16,850
8' x 10' 564 14.1 --- 5,000 16' x 20' 4,119 103.0 --- 18,110
8' x 12' 765 19.0 --- 5,260 16' x 25' 4,973 124.3 --- 20,820
9' x 5' 390 9.8 2,780 --- 16' x 30' 5,828 145.7 --- 24,090
9' x 8' 629 15.7 3,110 5,020 18' x 11' 4,080 102.0 17,370 ---
9' x 10' 737 18.4 --- 5,540 18' x 13' 4,860 121.5 18,200 ---
9' x 11' 791 19.8 3,420 --- 18' x 16' 5,635 140.9 19,070 ---
9' x 12' 845 21.1 --- 6,030 18' x 19' 6,415 160.4 19,910 ---
9' x 13' 899 22.5 3,810 --- 18' x 21' 7,190 179.8 20,700 ---
9' x 15' 953 23.8 --- 6,520 18' x 24' 7,970 199.3 21,770 ---
9' x 16' 1,007 25.2 4,410 --- 18' x 27' 8,754 218.8 22,870 ---
10' x 10' 938 23.5 --- 6,430 18' x 29' 9,525 238.1 24,100 ---
10' x 12' 1,025 25.6 --- 7,120 18' x 32' 10,305 257.6 25,800 ---
10' x 15' 1,271 31.8 --- 7,880 18' x 35' 11,180 279.5 27,680 ---
12' x 5' 776 19.4 5,970 7,200 18' x 37' 11,860 296.5 29,550 ---
12' x 8' 1,064 26.6 6,450 7,800 21' x 11' 5,695 142.4 21,230 ---
12' x 10' 1,256 31.4 --- 8,260 21' x 13' 6,755 168.9 22,140 ---
12' x 11' 1,352 33.8 7,080 --- 21' x 16' 7,810 195.3 22,980 ---
12' x 12' 1,448 36.2 --- 8,710 21' x 19' 8,870 221.8 24,000 ---
12' x 13' 1,540 38.5 8,090 --- 21' x 21' 9,930 248.3 24,930 ---
12' x 15' 1,737 43.4 --- 9,740 21' x 24' 10,985 274.6 26,100 ---
12' x 16' 1,830 45.8 8,740 --- 21' x 27' 12,045 301.1 27,630 ---
12' x 17' 1,930 48.3 --- 10,470 21' x 29' 13,105 327.6 28,930 ---
12' x 19' 2,120 53.0 9,500 --- 21' x 32' 14,165 354.1 30,850 ---
12' x 20' 2,218 55.5 --- 11,310 21' x 35' 15,220 380.5 33,000 ---
12' x 25' 2,699 67.5 --- 13,180 21' x 37' 16,280 407.0 35,120 ---
13.5' x 10' 1,637 40.9 --- 10,570 24' x 11' 7,785 194.6 25,960 ---
13.5' x 12' 1,881 47.0 --- 11,340 24' x 13' 9,165 229.1 27,040 ---
13.5' x 15' 2,246 56.2 --- 12,340 24' x 16' 10,545 263.6 28,100 ---
13.5' x 17' 2,489 62.2 --- 13,620 24' x 19' 11,930 298.3 29,290 ---
13.5' x 20' 2,854 71.4 --- 14,540 24' x 21' 13,310 332.8 30,530 ---
13.5' x 25' 3,462 86.6 --- 15,870 24' x 24' 14,695 367.4 32,400 ---
13.5' x 28' 3,872 96.8 --- 16,970 24' x 27' 16,075 401.9 33,660 ---
13.5' x 30' 4,071 101.8 --- 17,820 24' x 29' 17,455 436.4 35,750 ---
15' x 5' 1,340 33.5 9,440 --- 24' x 32' 18,840 471.0 38,100 ---
15' x 8' 1,735 43.4 10,100 --- 24' x 35' 20,220 505.5 40,430 ---
01/09 Section C page 2
STEEL HOPPER BINS (cont.)
Size Capacity Price
Sidewall Bolted Welded
DIA x Height BU. Tons Steel Steel
24' x 37' 21,600 540.0 $42,750 ---
27' x 11' 9,890 247.3 37,440 ---
27' x 13' 11,640 291.0 38,760 ---
27' x 16' 13,390 334.8 40,170 ---
27' x 19' 15,140 378.5 41,770 ---
27' x 21' 16,895 422.4 43,270 ---
27' x 24' 18,645 466.1 45,470 ---
27' x 27' 20,395 509.9 47,660 ---
27' x 29' 22,145 553.6 49,770 ---
27' x 32' 23,895 597.4 52,840 ---
27' x 35' 25,650 641.3 54,950 ---
27' x 37' 27,400 685.0 58,750 ---
30' x 11' 12,615 315.4 44,750 ---
30' x 13' 14,775 369.4 46,340 ---
30' x 16' 16,940 423.5 47,930 ---
30' x 19' 19,105 477.6 49,690 ---
30' x 21' 21,270 531.8 52,160 ---
30' x 24' 23,435 585.9 53,800 ---
30' x 27' 25,595 639.9 56,370 ---
30' x 29' 27,760 694.0 59,940 ---
30' x 32' 29,925 748.1 62,750 ---
30' x 35' 32,090 802.3 66,650 ---
30' x 37' 34,255 856.4 70,120 --- Note: These are typical prices constructed by contractor, complete with steel supports, concrete piers or pads, roof, manway and ladder. Center draw. Price, bushel, and ton capacities may differ by 20% due to different degree of slope to the hopper bottoms.
NOTE: Sidewall height used in this Schedule is the length of the vertical portion of the tank. It doesn't include the cone portion.
Suggested economic life of hopper bins is 30 years.
01/09 Section C page 3
CORRUGATED STEEL GRAIN BINS Costs as provided include foundation, concrete floor, ladders, aerators, safety cage, roof rails and vents.
DIAMETER Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage
Height 15' 18' 21' 24' 27' 30' 33'
10' $3,900 $5,100 $6,500 $7,600 $9,300 $11,000 $12,900
12' 4,700 6,100 7,800 9,200 11,000 13,000 15,100
15' 5,900 7,600 9,800 11,500 13,600 16,000 18,500
17' 6,700 8,600 11,100 13,000 15,300 18,000 20,800
20' 7,900 10,200 13,100 15,300 17,900 21,000 24,100
22' 8,600 11,200 14,400 16,800 19,600 23,000 26,400
25' 9,800 12,700 16,400 19,100 22,200 26,100 29,700
27' 10,600 13,700 17,700 20,600 23,900 28,100 32,000
30' 11,800 15,300 19,600 22,900 26,500 31,100 35,300
32' 12,600 16,300 20,900 24,400 28,200 33,100 37,600
35' 13,700 17,800 22,900 26,700 30,800 36,100 40,900
37' 14,500 18,800 24,200 28,200 32,600 38,100 43,200
40' 15,700 20,300 26,200 30,500 35,100 41,100 46,500
42' 21,400 27,500 32,100 36,900 43,100 48,800
45' 22,900 29,400 34,300 39,500 46,200 52,200
47' 23,900 30,700 35,900 41,200 48,200 54,400
50' 32,700 38,200 43,800 51,200 57,800
52' 34,000 39,700 45,500 53,200 60,000
55' 36,000 42,000 48,100 56,200 63,400
Add for each additional
1' in height 400 500 650 750 850 1,000 1,100
Perforated Floor
900 1,200 1,700 2,200 2,800 3,400 4,200
NOTES
Commercial bins differ from agricultural bins by having heavier steel and/or stiffeners. Use 80% of above cost for agricultural bins.
Suggested economic life for corrugated steel grain bins is 30 years.
Suggested residual for small bins (3,200 to 4,400 bushel capacity) on concrete floors is $.25 per bushel; small bins on metal
floor with gravel and concrete blocks is $.20 per bushel.
Bins with no permanently installed mechanized loading allow 10% functional obsolescence; bins with no permanently
installed mechanized loading or unloading allow 20% functional obsolescence.
These are average prices constructed by contractor, complete with foundation, ladder, load-out door and top cap. For dryer
bins add cost of perforated floor.
These prices may vary as much as 20% due to quality, manufacturer and whether purchased in large quantities or off season.
01/09 Section C page 4
CORRUGATED STEEL GRAIN BINS (cont.) Costs as provided include foundation, concrete floor, ladders, aerators, safety cage, roof rails and vents.
DIAMETER
Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Height 36' 39' 42' 48' 54' 60' 66'
21' $30,200 $34,100 $37,500 $47,000 $63,700 $80,300 $91,100
22' 31,500 35,500 39,200 49,000 66,200 83,400 94,900
24' 34,100 38,300 42,500 53,000 71,300 89,400 102,300
26' 36,600 41,100 45,900 57,000 76,400 95,500 109,700
29' 40,300 45,400 51,000 63,200 84,000 104,600 120,900
32' 44,200 49,600 56,000 69,300 91,600 113,800 132,100
35' 47,900 53,800 60,900 75,300 99,200 122,900 143,200
37' 50,500 56,600 64,300 79,400 104,300 129,000 150,700
40' 54,300 60,800 69,400 85,600 111,900 138,100 161,800
42' 56,900 63,600 72,700 89,600 117,000 144,300 169,300
45' 60,600 67,900 77,800 95,600 124,600 153,500 180,400
48' 64,500 72,100 82,800 101,700 132,200 162,600 191,600
50' 67,000 74,900 86,200 105,700 137,300 168,600 199,000
53' 70,800 79,100 91,100 111,900 144,900 177,800 210,000
55' 73,300 81,800 94,600 115,900 149,900 183,800 217,500
58' 77,200 86,000 99,500 122,000 157,600 193,000 228,600
63' 83,400 93,200 107,900 132,100 170,200 208,200 247,200
66' 87,300 97,300 113,000 138,300 177,900 217,300 258,400
70' 92,400 102,900 119,700 146,300 188,000 229,600 273,300
74' 126,300 154,400 198,100 241,600 288,100
77' 131,400 160,600 205,800 250,800 299,300
81' 138,100 168,600 215,900 263,000 314,200
Add for each addition
1' in height
1,250 1,400 1,650 2,050 2,550 3,050 3,700
Perforated Floor
5,000 5,700 6,700 8,500 10,770 13,200 16,000
NOTES
Commercial bins differ from agricultural bins by having heavier steel and/or stiffeners. Use 80% of above cost for
agricultural bins.
Suggested economic life for corrugated steel grain bins is 30 years.
Suggested residual for small bins (3,200 to 4,400 bushel capacity) on concrete floors is $.25 per bushel; small bins on metal
floor with gravel and concrete blocks is $.20 per bushel.
Bins with no permanently installed mechanized loading allow 10% functional obsolescence; bins with no permanently
installed mechanized loading or unloading allow 20% functional obsolescence.
These are average prices constructed by contractor, complete with foundation, ladder, load-out door and top cap. For dryer
bins add cost of perforated floor.
These prices may vary as much as 20% due to quality, manufacturer and whether purchased in large quantities or off season.
01/09 Section C page 5
CORRUGATED STEEL GRAIN BINS (cont.) Costs as provided include foundation, concrete floor, ladders, aerators, safety cage, roof rails and vents.
DIAMETER
Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Storage Height 72' 75' 78' 84' 90' 96' 105'
26' ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
29' ― ― ― ― ― ― ―
32' $153,800 $165,200 $177,600 $203,700 $232,500 $264,100 $315,700
35' 167,200 180,000 193,600 222,100 253,400 287,500 343,000
37' 176,200 189,900 204,100 234,400 267,400 303,000 361,200
40' 189,900 204,800 220,100 252,700 288,100 326,400 388,400
42' 198,900 214,500 230,800 265,100 302,100 341,900 406,600
45' 212,400 229,400 246,800 283,300 323,000 365,300 433,700
48' 225,800 244,100 262,700 301,800 343,900 388,700 461,000
50' 234,800 254,000 273,300 314,000 357,900 404,200 479,100
53' 248,500 268,800 289,200 332,500 378,700 427,600 506,400
55' 257,500 278,700 299,900 344,700 392,600 443,300 524,500
58' 270,900 293,400 315,700 363,000 413,500 466,600 551,800
63' 293,600 318,100 342,400 393,700 448,300 505,600 597,200
66' 307,100 332,900 358,400 412,100 469,200 528,900 624,300
70' 325,000 352,600 379,600 436,600 497,100 560,000 660,800
74' 343,000 372,300 400,800 461,100 525,000 591,200 697,000
77' 356,700 387,200 416,800 479,600 545,800 614,600 724,300
81' 374,600 406,900 438,000 504,100 573,700 645,700 760,600
84' 388,100 421,750 453,900 522,550 594,550 669,100 787,900
87’ 401,600 436,600 469,800 541,000 615,400 692,500 815,200
90' 415,100 451,450 485,700 559,450 636,250 715,900 842,500
Add for each addition
1' in height
4,500 4,950 5,300 6,150 6,950 7,800 9,100
Perforated Floor
18,900 20,500 22,200 25,700 29,600 33,600 40,300
NOTES
Commercial bins differ from agricultural bins by having heavier steel and/or stiffeners. Use 80% of above cost for
agricultural bins.
Suggested economic life for corrugated steel grain bins is 30 years.
Suggested residual for small bins (3,200 to 4,400 bushel capacity) on concrete floors is $.25 per bushel; small bins on metal
floor with gravel and concrete blocks is $.20 per bushel.
Bins with no permanently installed mechanized loading allow 10% functional obsolescence; bins with no permanently
installed mechanized loading or unloading allow 20% functional obsolescence.
These are average prices constructed by contractor, complete with foundation, ladder, load-out door and top cap. For dryer
bins add cost of perforated floor.
These prices may vary as much as 20% due to quality, manufacturer and whether purchased in large quantities or off season.
01/09 Section C page 6
CORRUGATED STEEL GRAIN BINS (cont.) Costs as provided include foundation, concrete floor, ladders, aerators, safety cage, roof rails and vents.
DIAMETER
Storage Storage Storage
Height 114’ 123’ 131'
26' ― ― ―
29' ― ― ―
32' ― ― ―
35' ― ― ―
37' ― ― ―
40' $437,300 $492,300 $554,300
42' 457,800 515,400 580,300
45' 488,300 549,800 619,000
48' 519,000 584,300 657,900
50' 539,400 607,300 683,700
53' 570,100 641,900 722,700
55' 590,500 664,800 748,500
58' 621,300 699,500 787,600
63' 672,400 757,000 852,300
66' 702,900 791,400 891,000
70' 744,000 837,700 943,100
74' 784,700 883,500 994,700
77' 815,500 918,200 1,033,800
81' 856,300 964,100 1,085,500
84' 887,100 998,800 1,124,500
87’ 917,800 1,033,300 1,163,400
90' 948,600 1,068,000 1,202,400
Add for each addition
1' in height
10,200 11,500 12,900
Perforated Floor
47,000 53,700 60,400
05/12 Section D page 1
FEED MILL (Wood Construction)
NOTES
Use $1.90 per cubic foot for wood frame construction. Use $3.80 per cubic foot for wood cribbed construction.
Use $25 to $30 per square foot for office and scale room without basement; use $30 to $40 per square foot with basement. For detached offices use an alternate rate per square foot such as Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 15). Use $10 to $20 per square foot for driveway area.
Warehouse costs provided below include concrete or wood floor. Refer to Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 14) or other valuation service for warehouse rates per square foot. Clusters of metal bins which vary in capacities of 8 to 60 tons each and supported by steel framework located above driveways and mixing areas used for storage of grain and feed concentrates use $360.00 per
ton or $10.00 per bushel. Refer to page A-2 for suggested physical depreciation guide. * Due to changes in the livestock industry, there may be changes in the volume (tonnage) processed at feed mills. Verify changes in volume (tonnage) over 3-5 years to recognize any obsolescence.
e. Load-out Tank (such as Bulk-O-Matic Tank)
a. Wood frame
b. Wood cribbed
c. Driveway
d. Warehouse
a
b
c c e
01/09 Section D page 2
FEED MILL (Concrete and Steel Construction)
a. Mill (concrete)
b. Driveway (steel)
c. Office (steel)
d. Warehouse (steel)
a
b c d
05/12 Section D page 3
FEED MILL (Concrete and Steel Construction) (cont.)
Concrete Slip Form Feed Mills are priced on a cubic foot basis (width x length x height) for the entire structure
(above and below grade level).
NOTES
Concrete Feed Mill cubic foot capacity Cost per cubic foot *Under 90,000 $5.45
Over 350,000 $3.25
Steel feed mills (not shown) are priced on a per cubic foot basis at $4.00.
Warehouses are priced on a per square foot basis based on quality of construction. Costs include a concrete floor.
Refer to Marshall Swift Valuation Service (section 14) or other valuation services for warehouse rates per square foot.
Dock height floors use $10.00 per square foot.
Office and scale room without basement use $40 to $50 per square foot; with basement use $50 to $60 per square
foot.
For detached offices use an alternate rate per square foot such as Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 15).
Use $30 -$40 per square foot for driveway area.
Clusters of metal bins which vary in capacities of 8 to 60 tons each and supported by steel framework located above driveways and mixing areas used for storage of grain and feed concentrates use $360.00 per ton or $10.00 per
bushel.
*Concrete feed mills generally fall into two categories, older mills with 90,000 cubic feet or less capacity and newer
feed mills with a capacity of 350,000 cubic feet or more. If you should encounter a feed mill that falls between
these two increments, we recommend you consider the age and the size and interpolate accordingly.
Refer to page A-2 for suggested physical depreciation guide.
*Due to changes in the livestock industry, there may be changes in the volume (tonnage) processed at the feed mills.
Verify changes in volume (tonnage) over 3-5 years to recognize any obsolescence.
02/08 Section E page 1
Dry Mill Process
The feedstock (corn) is passed through two hammer mills, which pulverizes into fine particles, called flour/meal.
In the Slurry, the flour/meal is mixed with water and the first of two enzyme doses in the cook process. The Alpha-amylase enzyme helps keep the mash in a liquid form for pump ability purposes at this point. The now called “mash” is transferred from the slurry through the hydro-heater at 225 degree F. then into two more cook tanks, from there into liquefaction. This is where the second dose of Alpha-amylase is
added to the mash. This mixture then has a hold time of approximately 2 ½ hours at 185 degrees F. What this time allows for is the initial break down of the flour/meal into what are called dextrin’s (short chains of glucose molecules).
The mash from the liquefaction tanks is then cooled, and a second enzyme called gluco-amylase is added. This enzyme breaks down the starches in the mash into simpler molecules of sugars. The type of sugar created from this process is called dextrose/glucose.
Yeast is now added to the mash to ferment the sugars. Fermentation breaks down the sugar molecules into ethanol, a liquid, and carbon dioxide, a gas.
Granite Falls Energy utilizes batch fermentation. This is where the mash stays in one fermentation tank for approximately 2 – 2 ½ days to allow for complete fermentation. When the fermentation process is complete, the “mash” is now referred to as “beer.” It is stored in a beer well before transfer to the next stage.
The beer is between 10% and 15% alcohol by volume, and is not completely liquid. It also contains all the solids from the original feedstock (corn) and recycled process water. It is pumped from the beer well
into a three-column distillation system, which removes the alcohol from the beer by distillation. Basically, distillation utilizes the differences in the evaporating points of ethanol and water. Alcohol has a boiling, or evaporation, point of 178.4 degrees F, so as long as the temperature of the columns ranges above that temperature and below 212 degrees F, the boiling point of water, alcohol in a gaseous form will rise to the top of the distillation column, where the gas is cooled to below 178 degrees F. This causes the gas to condense back to liquid form, and contains a much higher percentage of ethanol than the original beer. This liquid condensate is then passed to the next distillation column in the series, where the
process is repeated. By the time the product reaches the final distillation column it is 95% ethanol or 190 proof.
The 190 proof alcohol is then passed through a molecular sieve, which removes remaining water that was not eliminated in distillation. Following dehydration, the alcohol is 200 proof.
The Tax & Trade Bureau (TTB), requires any alcohol used for fuel to be denatured, or un-drinkable. To render the ethanol unfit for human consumption, 2-5% gasoline is added to the ethanol.
The residue from distillation, called whole-stillage, is pumped from the bottom of the first distillation column in the series, to the co-product processing area.
The whole-stillage (the solids that remain after distillation) is sent through a centrifuge to remove excess liquid. This works much like the spin-cycle of your washing machine. The liquid that is separated out is recycled back into the process to be used again in the process as either syrup (after running it through the evaporator system) or cook water. The remaining solids are referred to as “distillers grains”. Wet distillers grains (WDG) are transferred directly from the centrifuge to a wet cake pad, where they are transferred primarily to local feedlots and dairies for use as a cattle ration. While the shelf life of this
product is rather limited, several companies are marketing preservatives proven to significantly extend the product.
02/08 Section E page 2
Dry Mill Process (cont)
Another alternative Granite Falls Energy utilizes is to route the wet distiller’s grains and syrup through a dryer to remove most of the moisture. This dried product is appropriately called “dried distillers grains w/solubles” or DDGS, and is a high protein feed ingredient for cattle, swine, poultry, fish and has been researched for human consumption. It has a significantly longer shelf life the WDG.
Dry Mill Plants
Products: Oxygenated Fuel - (Ethanol)
Distillers Dried Grain - (animal feed)
Carbon Dioxide
02/08 Section E page 3
Dry Mill Plant Layout
Dry Mill Plant Layout
02/08 Section E page 4
05/12 Section E page 5
ETHANOL PLANTS
Ethanol plants will have a variety of buildings, etc. such as:
Distillers Dryed Building Distiller Dryed Ethanol Building
Thermal Oxidizer Building Dryer Building
Darrozin Dryer Building Concrete Bins
Stainless Steel Beer wells w/ concrete base Steel Bins
CO2 Tanks
Note: The Ethanol Plant valuation spreadsheet is available on the
MAAO website, posted on the Agricultural Committee page.
02/08 Section E page 6
Dry Mill Structures Descriptions
Administration Building: This building will have brick and or siding on the exterior. In many
of the newer facilities, there is a scale outside the building and the corn is weighed and also
tested here prior to moving on to the grain receiving facility. If the corn is not of a certain
quality, it is refused
Grain Receiving: This building will be a steel sided building anywhere from 100’ to 165’ long
by 65’ wide; and 32’ to 40’ tall. There will be two truck bays and one rail bay. There will be a
basement under the grain receiving building. The concrete will be poured and up to 16” thick.
There will also be concrete tunnels housing the equipment that moves the grain to the silos.
Silos: There are typically two 200,000-bushel silos of poured concrete. They will each have a
15,000 bushel per hour leg. There is an equipment web located between the silos.
Scalping Bin & Grinder Bin: The corn is passed through two hammer mills that pulverize it
into fine particles.
Main Processing Building: Structural steel frame building housing numerous tanks, pumps and
heat exchangers as well as the control room and laboratory. Be sure you note the finished area
of the laboratory, control room, lunchroom, offices etc. Also watch for mezzanine areas.
Liquefaction Tanks: Stainless steel tanks. From the liquefaction tanks the sterilized mash is
pumped into the fermentation tanks.
Fermentation Tanks: Stainless Steel Tanks. Fermentation is a batch process where yeast is
added to the slurry and the product begins to ferment. After fermenting for about 48 hours, the
tank is emptied into the beer well where the mash begins to vaporize and forms alcohol.
Beer Well: Stainless Steel Tanks. After the batch fermentation is complete, beer is pumped to
the beer well and then to the distillation columns. When the distillation is complete, the 190
proof alcohol is passed through a molecular sieve.
Denature Tank: Carbon Steel Tank. Any alcohol used for fuel needs to be de-natured, or
undrinkable. 2-5% gasoline is added to the ethanol. (Located on tank farm.)
Energy Center & Wet Cake Storage: Structural steel building housing both the DDGS dryer
and the Thermal Oxidizer. The residue corn mash, called whole-stillage is pumped into one of
several decanter type centrifuges for dewatering. There are 5 stainless steel tanks located outside
the energy center; the stillage and syrup tanks that are exempt. The remaining solids are referred
to as distillers grains. Wet distillers grains, WDG, are transferred directly from the centrifuge to
a wet cake pad, where they are primarily transferred to local feedlots. Syrup is added to the wet
cake as it enters the dryer, where moisture is removed. The end result is dried distillers grains
with solubles, or DDGS. The wet cake pad is located directly beside the Energy Center
Thermal Oxidizer Stack: This structure will be approximately 125 tall. This is an emissions
device to satisfy the EPA
01/09 Section E page 7
Dry Mill Structures Descriptions (cont.)
Dried Distillers Grain Solubles Storage: Steel siding building for storing DDGS. After
leaving the Energy Center the DDGS are conveyed to the DDGS storage building. The structure
will also have a receiving gate or a drive for loading DDGS.
Cooling Tower: Four-cell draft cooling tower. Fiberglass with treated lumber
Water Storage Tower: Stainless Steel tank
Water Treatment Building: Concrete Block and Steel construction.
Anhydrous Tank
Rail spur: Need the linear footage of the rail spur and the weight of the rail.
Tank Farm: Carbon Steel with floating roofs.
WET MILL PLANTS
Wet Mill Plants
Products: Oxygenated Fuel - (Ethanol)
Corn Oil
Corn Syrup
High Fructose Corn Syrup
Drinking Grade Alcohol
Distillers Dried Grain - (Animal Feed)
Carbon Dioxide
02/08 Section E page 8
SOYBEAN PROCESSING / BIODIESEL FACILITIES
Products: Soybean Oil
Soybean hull and soybean meal feed products
Bio diesel fuel additive
Bean facilities will have a variety of buildings and storage units such as crushing, processing,
hexane storage tanks, underground hexane vapor containment storage tanks, metal and concrete
bins.
For building cost use most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 14)
industrial, heavy process manufacturing class S for rates per square foot for base cost. Use story
multiplier, height multiplier and perimeter multiplier also from Section 14.
Use cost multiplier and local multiplier from Section 99.
For Concrete Storage Bins use elevator schedule.
For Steel Storage Bins use elevator schedule.
For detached office use an alternate rate per square foot such as Marshall Swift Valuation
Service (Section 15).
12/04 Section F page 1
Welded carbon Steel tanks___________________________________
Carbon steel tanks With floating roofs Stainless Steel tanks
Per gallon Per gallon Per gallon
Gallon Capacity
10,000 $3.50
20,000 3.05
30,000 2.68
40,000 2.40
50,000 2.30 $2.85 $4.60
60,000 2.20
80,000 2.00
100,000 1.80 2.25 3.20
200,000 1.05 1.31 2.89
300,000 .85 1.06 2.55
400,000 .75 .94 2.38
500,000 .70 .88 2.10
600,000 .65 .81 1.95
750,000 .50 .63 1.50
1,000,000 .45 .59 1.35
2,000,000 .33 .43 1.00
3,000,000 .30 .40
4,000,000 .28 .38
5,000,000 .25 .34
05/12 Section G page 1
GRAIN STORAGE BUILDINGS Since there are such a wide variety and sizes of storage buildings, please refer to the most recent
version of Marshall Swift Valuation Service Manual.
These buildings may have permanent grain liners installed or temporary portable wood bulk
heads. Refer to Bulk Head / Bunker / Grain Liners cost schedule for cost.
FLAT STORAGE BUILDINGS:
The recent trend, is building multiuse flat grain storage buildings, these structures have concrete and steel
sidewalls, steel roof structure with vertical supports, with steel or fabric roofs. These structures will usually
have distribution systems for loading and may have a reclaim system for unloading.
Refer to most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation Service
(Section 17) or similar valuation schedule for rates per square foot.
QUONSET BUILDINGS:
Refer to most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation Service
(Section 17) or similar valuation schedule for rates per square foot.
STEEL BUILDINGS W/STRAIGHT SIDEWALLS:
Refer to most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation Service
(Section 17) or similar valuation schedule for rates per square foot.
STEEL STRAIGHT SIDEWALL GABLE ROOF BUILDING
Refer to most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation Service
(Section 17) or similar valuation schedule for rates per square foot.
NOTES
Add $3.75 for concrete 4" pad, $5.25 for 6" pad, $6.00 for 8" pad and $3.50 for asphalt floor. Suggested economic life for grain storage buildings is 40 years.
01/09 Section G page 2
BULK HEADS / BUNKERS / GRAIN LINERS
PORTABLE WOOD BULK HEADS (taxable if fastened to ground)
6' approx. ht. (untreated) (linear foot measurement) .........................................................13.00/LF
6' approx. ht. (treated) (linear foot measurement) .............................................................17.00/ LF
SPECIAL CORRUGATED STEEL GRAIN STORAGE RINGS
(no roof, floor or cables with anchors included in price)
60' dia. x 15' sidewall ht. 44,000 bu. ........................................................................... $17,000 cost
72' dia. x 15' sidewall ht. 66,900 bu. ............................................................................. 20,500 cost
90' dia. x 15' sidewall ht. 112,000 bu. ........................................................................... 34,000 cost
120' dia. x 15' sidewall ht. 220,000 bu. ......................................................................... 50,000 cost
7' High Rings (1-12 ga. & 1-14 ga.) ................................................................................ $20.00/LF
CONCRETE SIDEWALL BUNKERS
T PANELS
7/8’ wi. x 8’ ht. (linear foot measurement)…………………………………………….$87/LF
7/8’ wi. x 10’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $162/LF
7/8’ wi. x 12’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $192/LF
7/8’ wi. x 14’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $217/LF 7/8’ wi. x 16’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $242/LF
L PANELS
7/8’ wi. x 8’ ht. (linear foot measurement)..................................................................... $78/LF
7/8’ wi. x 10’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $140/LF
7/8’ wi. x 12’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $170/LF
7/8’ wi. x 14’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $206/LF
7/8’ wi. x 16’ ht. (linear foot measurement)................................................................. $234/LF
Concrete Sidewall
Bunker
01/09 Section G page 3
GRAIN LINERS
4' ht. (linear foot measurement) ...................................................................................... $17.50/LF
6' ht. (linear foot measurement) ...................................................................................... $21.10/LF
8' ht. (linear foot measurement) ...................................................................................... $28.10/LF
NOTES
Add $3.75 for concrete 4" pad, $5.25 for 6" pad, $6.00 for 8" pad and $3.50 for asphalt floor.
05/12 Section H page 1
FERTILIZER PLANTS
THIS PAGE IS CURRENTLY UNDER REVISION
12/04 Section I page 1
ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (NH3) /
LIQUID PROPANE (LP) PERMANENT STORAGE TANKS
NH3 Tanks
Gal. Cost New Cost / gal 1,000 - 5,000 $12,000 $2.40 / gal 12,000 26,000 2.17 / gal 15,000 33,000 2.20 / gal 18,000 42,000 2.33 / gal
30,000 63,000 2.10 / gal
LP Tanks
Gal. Cost New Cost / gal 5,000 $ 9,000 $1.80 / gal 12,000 18,500 1.54 / gal 15,000 21,000 1.40 / gal
18,000 24,000 1.34 / gal 30,000 35,000 1.16 / gal
For larger tanks use most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation Service (Section 61) - welded
steel pressure tanks - for rate per gallon.
NOTES
If no concrete base, deduct $.15 per gallon.
Suggested economic life of LP storage tanks is 20 years. However, ammonia tanks and liquid
protein tanks depreciate more rapidly. Suggested residual for these tanks is $.50 per gallon.
Reconditioned tanks - $1.00 gallon, then depreciate.
20 year life on Anhydrous Ammonia (NH3) tanks.
NH3 residual $.50 gallon
Reconditioned tanks $1.00 gallon, then depreciate.
Can use anhydrous tanks for propane storage, but cannot use propane tanks for anhydrous
ammonia storage.
01/09 Section I page 2
STAINLESS STEEL TANKS FOR HERBICIDES
Use most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation
Service (Section 61) or similar valuation service for
rate per gallon.
POLY TANKS FOR HERBICIDES
Use most recent version Marshall Swift Valuation
Service (Section 61) or similar valuation service for
rate per gallon.
CONCRETE DIKE WALLS TO CONTAIN SPILLS OF
HERBICIDES *
Concrete Wall Height of Wall Above and Cost Per Thickness Below the Top of the Floor Lin. Ft.
6" 2' $22.00
6" 3' 33.00
6" 4' 44.00
6" 5' 55.00
6" 6' 66.00
8" 2' 26.00
8" 3' 39.00
8" 4' 42.00
8" 5' 65.00
8" 6' 78.00
Add $5.25 Per Sq. Ft. for 6" Concrete Floors
Add $6.00 Per Sq. Ft. for 8" Concrete Floors
* These amounts reflect the cost to construct herbicide containment dikes. Special consideration should be given to the life expectancy and condition when valuing containment dikes for property tax purposes.
LIFE EXPECTANCY/CONDITION
The sole function of a containment dike is to contain poisonous chemicals in the event of a spill. A cracked or nonfunctioning dike may actually be a negative asset to the land that will require removal and replacement. The life expectancy of containment dikes may vary greatly depending on the type of herbicide being contained, the quality of the original construction and even the soil type on which it is constructed. Minnesota's climate is subject to both high and low temperature extremes. These changes in temperature can and do take their toll on non-pliable materials such as concrete. Although small cracks in concrete do not result in any diminution of utility or value in the case of a garage floor or a basement wall, a cracked dike that may leak has no utility. Assessors are urged to take this limited life expectancy into account when value estimates are being determined.
01/09 Section J page 1
RAILROAD SIDING
CCoosstt NNeeww RReessiidduuaall
9900## $$111100..0000 $$1100..0000
110000## 111155..0000 1155..0000
111155## 112255..0000 2255..0000
113300## 113300..0000 4400..0000
LLeessss tthhaann 111155## wweellddeedd rraaiill -- nnoott aabbllee ttoo aacccceepptt llaarrggee uunniitt ttrraaiinnss..
RReessiidduuaall wwiillll vvaarryy bbyy ssiizzee..
05/12 Section K page 1
EXEMPT MACHINERY, EQUIPMENT AND STRUCTURES
The following items are exempt in Minnesota and should not be included in the cost
estimates. This list is a general guide and may not include all the items that are exempt. A
careful inspection of the property must be made in order to distinguish between the taxable
and non-taxable items.
1. Motor truck scales, railroad track scales and automatic weigh-in scales
2. Elevator legs
3. Grain dryers
4. Distribution systems
5. Aeration systems
6. Dust collecting systems
7. Conveying systems
8. Scalpers
9. Man-lifts
10. Reclaim conveyors
11. Bin temperature systems
12. Pneumatic sampling systems
13. Moisture meters
14. Computer dock scales
15. Feed grinders
16. Feed mixers
17. Fanning mills
18. Concrete dike walls and floor for fuel and chemical containment (pollution controls)
19. Chemical Buildings (only those that may qualify under PCA regulations)
20. Portable NH3 Nurse Tank (on wheels)
02/08 Section L page 1
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- FFIIEELLDD CCHHEECCKKLLIISSTT:: __________________________
1. Elevator a. Concrete/wood-cribbed: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1. Slip form/jump construction _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
2. Flat bottom/hopper bottom _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Headhouse: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Bushel capacity: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Intersticing: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. One-leg/two-leg system: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g. Condition: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
h. Loading Rate (bu/hr) _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
i. Unloading Rate (bu/hr) _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
2. Annex: a. Concrete/wood-cribbed: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1. Slip form/jump form _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
2. Flat bottom/hopper bottom _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Bushel Capacity: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Intersticing: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. Condition: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
3. Office and Scale Room: attached _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
detached _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
a. Size (sf) : _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. CB/wood frame:
c. Basement: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Heat: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. A/C: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Electrical: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g. Plumbing: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
h. Partitions: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
i. Floor cover: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
j. Ceiling: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
k. Age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
l. Condition: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
4. Steel Grain Bins: Bin # Bin # Bin # Bin # Bin # Bin #
a. Diameter: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Height: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Bushel Capacity: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. Condition: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Permanent loading and/or unloading: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g. Stem walls or double H walls: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
(Consider normal site valuation of steel bins)
05/12 Section L page 2
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA -- FFIIEELLDD CCHHEECCKKLLIISSTT ((ccoonntt..)):: __________________________
5. Fertilizer Plants: a. Size (sf): _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Concrete/wood _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Height of Sidewalls: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Office Area (sf): _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
attached _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
detached _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. Age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Blending tower (cu.ft. of enclosed area): _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
6. Feed Mills a. Size (cubic foot) _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Wood Frame/Steel/Concrete:
c. Driveway: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Office Area: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
attached _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
detached _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. Warehouse: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Steel hopper bottom tanks: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g. Age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
h. Condition: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
7. Flat Grain Storage: a. Size (sf): _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. lineal feet of wall: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Concrete/wood Frame: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Bushel Capacity: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. Concrete Pad: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Permanent Loading/Unloading: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
8. Miscellaneous Improvements: a. Liquid pressurized (LP) tanks: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1. gallon capacity: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
2. age: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
3. commodity: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Driveway: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1. area (sf) _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Railroad spurs: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
1. lineal feet: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
2. rail strength (lbs.): _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Well & Septic System: _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
9. Functional Obsolescence (See Sec. A page 3) a. Off-site storage _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Other _______________________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Other _______________________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Other _______________________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
10. Economic Obsolescence (See Sec. A page 4) a. Ethanol Plants _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
b. Soy Bean Processing Plants _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
c. Shuttle Loader _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
d. Large Feed Mills _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
e. River Terminal _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
f. Rail _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
g. Other _______________________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
05/12 Section L page 3
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX BB -- GGLLOOSSSSAARRYY
1. Annex: .......................................... A storage facility used in conjunction with the elevator.
2. Bio Diesel:..................................... A facility that processes soybeans into a diesel additive.
3. Bulk Loader/Weigher: ................. Structure/equipment which contains scale, and storage garners.
It is computer controlled for regulating how much grain is to be loaded. This loader allows for origin weight.
4. Car size:........................................ Hopper cars of 268,000 pounds to 286,000 pounds.
5. Demurrage: .................................. A charge by a rail or barge company for holding onto equipment longer than a specified period of time.
6. Drying points: .............................. A percentage point; refers to the degree of moisture removed from a commodity.
7. Ethanol Plant: .............................. A facility that processes corn and other grains.
8. Gallery: ........................................ A covered walkway above the elevator bins which generally
houses conveying equipment.
9. Grain Elevator: ............................ A structure used for handling and/or storing grain. The two major types are country and terminal.
10. Headhouse: ................................... An enclosure above the storage section of a grain elevator to house the mechanical equipment necessary in a grain elevator.
11. Handling speed: ........................... Refers to the number of bushels per hour handled by the elevator legs.
12. Inland terminal: ........................... Major modes of transportation are either rail or truck. Typical handling speeds from 15,000 to 25,000 bushels per hour.
13. Intersticing: .................................. Bins located between the circular elevator and annex bins to provide additional grain storage.
14. Jump form construction: ............. A type of concrete construction completed in stages rather than a
continuous pouring process. Also known as jack form construction. Obvious five foot breaks and a rougher exterior than slip form.
15. Loading capacity: ......................... Maximum handling speed at which elevator can out-load grain. It is expressed as Bu/Hr (bushels per hour).
16. Main Line: .................................... Class 1 (see Appendix D)
17. Ocean terminals: .......................... Located on major waterways and purpose is to serve the export business. Receive grain from either unit trains or river barges. Handling speeds may range between 50,000 and 100,000 bushels per hour.
18. Origin Weight: ............................. Legal weight at which you can base the sale of grain. The latest bulk loaders used in large capacity elevators derive an origin weight during the loading of the rail car/barge/ship.
19. Processing Tower: ........................ Structure within a grain elevator complex that is used for the vertical processing/handling of grain. The exterior of the processing tower can be constructed of concrete, wood, or steel.
05/12 Section L page 4
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX BB -- GGLLOOSSSSAARRYY ((ccoonntt..))
20. Rail Leg: ....................................... Processing/handling structure which is dedicated to loading rail loader.
21. Rail Siding: ................................... Privately owned spur track off the main line adjacent to the facility.
22. Receiving Capacity: ..................... Maximum handling speed at which elevator can in-load grain. It is expressed as Bu/Hr (bushels per hour).
23. River terminals: ........................... Predominant mode of transportation is by barge. Receive grain typically by truck so have large truck receiving facilities. Handling speeds may range from 15,000 to
30,000 bushels per hour.
24. Short line: ..................................... Class 1 and 3 (See Appendix D)
25. Shuttle Elevator/Terminal: .......... Grain elevator facility which has the capability of out-loading
100-110 rail car trains.
26. Slip form construction: ................ A type of concrete construction that is a continuous pouring
process in which the forms are supported by the concrete poured previously.
27. Small Elevator Terminal: ............ Grain elevator facility which as the capability of outloading 20 -
26 rail car trains. May be used for incoming commodities but not outgoing grain.
28. Soybean Processing: ..................... A facility that processes soybeans into oil, feed and other by-
products.
29. Stem Wall: .................................... Foundation under a grain bin which is elevated 5 to 8 feet which
allows for a tunnel for horizontal handling of the grain.
30. Storage elevator: .......................... Use is strictly to store large quantities of grain over long periods
of time.
31. Tariff rate:.................................... A charge the grain elevator makes for performing a service such as loading, unloading, storage, cleaning and/or drying.
32. Throughput: ................................. The average between the number of bushels received and the number of bushels shipped in a given period of time.
33. Truck Elevator/Terminal: ........... Grain Elevator facility which has no out-loading of rail car trains. May have rail siding but is not being used. Usually serves as a collection point to feed shuttle train elevator/terminals. Often times these elevators are the older smaller elevators and sometimes larger elevators that have lost their rail service.
34. Unit- Train Terminal: .................. Predominant mode of transportation is by rail. Receive grain typically by truck so they have large truck receiving facilities. Typical unit trains consist of 25, 50 or 75 rail cars, and recently 100 to 110 car shuttle train loaders. Handling speeds may range from 15,000 to 25,000 bushels per hour.
35. Unit Elevator/Terminal: .............. Grain elevator facility which as the capability of out-loading 50-56 rail car trains.
36. Wood cribbed:.............................. A type of construction where dimensional lumber typically 2 x 10's, 2 x 8's, 2 x 6's, or 2 x 4's, are horizontally stacked. Usually metal clad to protect the wood from the elements.
12/04 Section L page 5
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX CC -- EETTHHAANNOOLL GGLLOOSSSSAARRYY
Beer: fermented mash.
Beer Well: After the fermentation is complete, beer is pumped to the beer well. This is a steel tank. It stands along side the
Main Processing Building.
Centrifuge: device that removes excess liquid.
Cooling Tower: Cools water in the process to be reused.
Condenser: A heat transfer device that reduces a fluid from its vapor phase to its liquid phase.
DDGS: Dried Distillers Grain Solubles – by product of the ethanol production.
De-nature Tank: Carbon Steel Tank. Holds the gasoline that is added to the ethanol to make it undrinkable.
Distillation: The process of separating the components of a mixture by difference in boiling point.
Energy Center Building: Steel frame building where the residue corn mash (after ethanol is extracted) is converted to DDGS
& Wet cake for livestock consumption.
Ethanol: The alcohol product of fermentation that is used in alcohol beverages and for industrial purposes.
Fermenation: is a batch process where yeast is added to the slurry, and the product begins to ferment. After fermenting for
about 48 hours, the tank is emptied into the beer well where the mash begins to vaporize and forms alcohol.
Floating Roofs: These roofs are located internally on the ethanol storage tanks. As the level increases and decreases, the roof
goes along with the product to trap the vapors in the ethanol.
Grain Receiving Building: Grain is received by truck or rail.
Grinder Bin: The grain is passed through here to pulverize it into fine particles.
Load Out Equipment: There are two load out locations. One along side the rail and one near the tank farm for the trucks.
Main Processing Building: Structure houses control room, laboratory and numerous tanks for the processing of the ethanol.
All the tanks are stainless steel and exempt. Various tanks include the slurry tank, cook tube, liquefaction, fermentation tank,
e-vaps, yeast, CIP tank, etc.
Mash: a mixture consisting of crushed grains and water.
Scalping Bin: Removes foreign material from grain before moving to the grinder bin.
Slurry: In the slurry, the flour/meal is mixed with water. This is housed in a stainless steel tank that is housed in the Main
Processing Building.
Tank Farm: Location on the plant site where the ethanol product is stored as well as the de-nature tank, rust inhibitor tank,
and 190% & 200 % storage tanks.
Thermal Oxidizer Stack: This is an emissions device for the EPA.
WDG: Wet Distillers Grain - by product of the ethanol production.
Wet Cake: The solids that exit the centrifuge.
12/04 Section L page 6
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX DD -- MMIINNNNEESSOOTTAA RRAAIILLRROOAADDSS AANNDD MMIILLEEAAGGEE
Mileage owned in Minnesota
Class I - Main Line Burlington Northern and Santa Fe (BNSF) ............................................................... 1,711
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) ............................................................................... 1,224
Union Pacific Railroad (UP)........................................................................................ 484
CN (Canadian National Railway) .............................................................................. 436
National Railroad Passenger Corp. (Amtrak) ............................................................ 0
Mileage owned in Minnesota
Class III – Short Line Minnesota Northern Railroad (MNN) ....................................................................... 204
Twin Cities & Western Railroad Co. (TCWR) ......................................................... 146
Minnesota Prairie Line Inc. (MPLI) .......................................................................... 94
Otter Tail Valley Railroad (OTVR) ........................................................................... 75
Northern Plains Railroad (NPR) ................................................................................ 44
Minnesota Southern Railroad Co. (MSWY) ............................................................. 41
St. Croix Valley Railroad (SCXY)............................................................................. 36
Minnesota Commercial Railway Co. (MNNR)......................................................... 35
North Shore Scenic Railroad (NSSR) ........................................................................ 25 (St. Louis & Lake Counties Regional Rail Authority between Duluth and Two Harbors)
Progressive Rail Inc. (PGR) ....................................................................................... 13
Cloquet Terminal Railroad Co. (CTRR) ................................................................... 4
Minnesota, Dakota & Western Ry. Co. (MDW) ....................................................... 4
Red River Valley & Western Railroad (RRVW) ...................................................... 2
05/12 Section L page 7
TTHHIISS PPAAGGEE IISS IINNTTEENNTTIIOONNAALLLLYY LLEEFFTT BBLLAANNKK
05/12 Section L page 8
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX FF -- MMIINNNNEESSOOTTAA RRAAIILLRROOAADD WWEEBBSSIITTEESS
RAILROADS:
Amtrak (National Railroad Passenger Corp.):
http://www.amtrak.com Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway:
http://www.bnsf.com
CN:
http://www.cn.ca Canadian Pacific Railway:
http://www.cpr.ca
North Shore Scenic Railroad:
http://www.duluth.com/lsrm/ Otter Tail Valley Railroad:
http://www.railamerica.com Progressive Rail:
http://www.progressiverail.com Red River Valley & Western Railroad Company:
Twin Cities & Western Railroad Company:
http://www.tcwr.net Union Pacific Railroad:
http://www.uprr.com
RAILROAD ORGANIZATIONS/ASSOCIATIONS:
American Short Line and Regional RRs Assn:
http://www.aslra.org
Association of American Railroads:
http://www.aar.org Federal Railroad Administration:
http://www.fra.dot.gov/welcome.html MN DOT, Off. of Freight, Railroads & Waterways:
http://www.dot.state.mn.us/ofrw
http://www.rrvw.net
12/04 Section L page 9
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX GG -- MMIINNNNEESSOOTTAA RRAAIILLRROOAADDSS –– RRaaiill CCaarr WWeeiigghhtt
aanndd CCaappaacciittyy
Grain elevators served by rail will vary in their ability to accommodate certain rail cars. Shuttle
loading elevators generally have the ability to load 100-110 hopper cars of all sizes in 15 hours
on their rail siding and receive better rates and service. Other unit train loading elevators
generally have the ability to load 26-54 cars but may or may not have siding to accommodate the
entire unit during loading and may have limitations on their ability to accommodate the newer
heavier hopper cars.
The grain covered hopper car fleet is estimated to be at approximately 97,000 cars nationally,
with capacities from 4000 to 5250 cubic feet. The older grain covered hopper cars weight
approximately 268,000 pounds, minus the car weight, equaling a load limit of approximately
200,000 pounds, holding approximately 3600 bushel of corn or 3350 bushel of soybeans or
wheat. Nearly all to the additional cars being built are designed for loading 286,000 pounds,
minus the car weight, equaling a load limit of approximately 223,000 pounds, holding
approximately 4000 bushel of corn or 3800 bushel of soybeans or wheat. With older 268,000
pound cars that have less cubic capacity, an elevator may reach maximum capacity before
reaching the weight limit, such as, loading low test weight grain.
An assessor needs to consult with the elevator manager to determine whether functional or
economic obsolescence exists at a location due to service limitations, such as, light rail, bridge
restrictions, siding condition, railroad service schedule, etc.
12/04 Section L page 10
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX HH –– SShhuuttttllee EElleevvaattoorr CCoonnttaaccttss