![Page 1: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Grade-Separated Trail CrossingsHow Do We Get Over There?
2008 National Trails Symposium
Rory Renfro, Alta Planning + DesignScott Belonger, Loris and Associates
Peter Loris, Loris and Associates
![Page 2: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Why grade-separated crossings?What barriers are we trying to cross?Decision-making processAt-grade or grad-separated? Go over or under? Where to build it? Etc.Pedestrian underpass design considerationsBridge/overpass design considerations
![Page 3: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
WHY GRADE-SEPARATED CROSSINGS?
Critical links in the bike/ped network: overcome barriersProvide bike/ped links where at-grade crossings are not possibleRespond to a demand for safe crossings where they didn’t previously existProvide direct links where the surrounding transportation system offers limited connectivityMore than just a transportation facility
![Page 4: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
What are the barriers?
What are we trying to cross?
![Page 5: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The decision-making process
HOW DO WE GET OVER THERE?
At-grade or grade-separated?Go over or go under?Where do we build it?What kind of access can/do we provide?What are the details?Can we afford it?
![Page 11: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Largely depends on the barrier being crossed
Question 1:At-grade or grade-separated?
![Page 12: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
WATERWAYS
![Page 13: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
FREEWAYS
![Page 14: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
RAILROADS
![Page 15: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MAJOR ROADS
![Page 16: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
The main dilemma: Getting across major roads (and to some extent, railroads)
![Page 17: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
USING A BRIDGE/TUNNEL VS. CROSSING AT-GRADE
User’s decision based on:• Bridge/tunnel location relative to desired travel
route• Availability of alternative crossings• Elements precluding/discouraging at-grade
crossings• Perceived risk of crossing at-grade• Distance/time needed to access and cross the
bridge/tunnel
![Page 18: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
USING A BRIDGE/TUNNEL VS. CROSSING AT-GRADE
Institute of Transportation Engineers Study (1998):• 70% of peds would use a bridge/tunnel if travel time
= at-grade crossing time• If If bridge/tunnel travel time >50% of at-grade
crossing time: Very low useWashington State DOT Design Manual:• Low bridge/tunnel use if walking distance for 85%
of peds is ¼-mile of at-grade crossing distance
![Page 19: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
X
X
![Page 23: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
X
X
![Page 24: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Drainage, environmental impacts, adjacent property impacts, constructability, user safety and security, etc.Vertical ascent/descent necessary to reach bridge/tunnel
Question 2:Go over or go under?
![Page 26: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Source: Oregon Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan
![Page 27: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Source: Oregon Bicycle and Pedestrian Plan
![Page 30: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
X
![Page 33: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Question 3:Where do we build it?
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Bridge/tunnel proximity to:• Surrounding pedestrian/bicycle facilities• Logical walking/bicycling routes and
destinations• Alternative crossing opportunities
![Page 35: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Surrounding pedestrian/bicycle facilities• Good connections to surrounding facilities
highly important• Bridges/tunnels within an overall
comprehensive network = potentially higher usage
• Wayfinding critical
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
![Page 36: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Logical walking/bicycling routes; Proximity to destinations• Should not require out-of-direction
travel to/from a logical travel route or desired destination
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
![Page 40: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Bridge
Primarywalk/bike
route
Alternatecrossing
![Page 41: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Question 4:What kind of access can/do we
provide?
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Depends on:• Amount of necessary vertical
ascent/descent• Available “footprint” space
![Page 42: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Bridges/tunnels serving multiple functions• Visual icons• Enhance user experience• Bridges as community gathering places• Tourism
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
![Page 54: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Pedestrian Underpass
Question 5:What are the details?
![Page 55: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
UNDERPASS ISSUES
FeasibilitySuccess
Critical Issues• site constraints• constructability• structure selection• drainage• lighting• safety
![Page 56: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
EVALUATING THE SITE
UtilitiesRight of WayEnvironmentalSoil ConditionsTraffic ControlDrainage
At what cost?
![Page 57: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
UTILITIES
Locate all utilities and coordinate with ownersPothole critical utilitiesAsbestos conduits require special treatmentAvoid costly utility delays
![Page 58: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
RIGHT OF WAY
Identify available right of wayConsider space required for construction Talk with property owners earlyRight of way negotiations can take time
![Page 59: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
SOIL CONDITIONS
Hire a geotechnical consultantIdentify groundwater elevations and soil conditionsPlan for ground water during and after construction
![Page 60: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
TRAFFIC CONTROLConsider impacts to traffic
during construction•can the road be closed during construction?•design speed?•number of lanes?•pedestrian and bikes during construction?
![Page 61: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
TRAFFIC CONTROL
Consider impacts to traffic during construction
![Page 62: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
TRAFFIC CONTROL
Don’t forget pedestrians, bus stops, etc
![Page 63: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
EVALUATING THE SITE
Site challenges have been identified
![Page 64: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
LAYOUT DESIGN
Identify path connection to at-grade facilities (sidewalks, bus stops…)Determine approach grades• use ADA and AASTHO Bike
Guide Requirements• provide 5% max if possible
Provide horizontal curves• consider sight distance• bicycle movements• maintenance vehicles
Consider ramps and stairs, depending on usage
![Page 65: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
LAYOUT DESIGN
AASHTO Guide for Development of Bicycle Facilities• 5 - 6% up to 800 ft• 7% up to 400 ft • 8% up to 300 ft • 9% up to 200 ft• 10% up to 100 ft• 11+% up to 50 ft
ADA Guidelines for Outdoor Developed Facilities• 1:20 (5%) any distance• 1:12 (8.33%) up to 200 ft • 1:10 (10%) up to 30 ft • 1:8 (12.5%) up to 10 ft
![Page 66: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
LAYOUT DESIGN
Provide alternate routes
![Page 67: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
LAYOUT DESIGN
Provide alternate routes
![Page 68: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
STRUCTURE SIZING
AASTHO: 10-ft vert. clearance8-ft Vert. is typically acceptableHoriz. clearance of 14-ft min.Consider impacts to utilities and drainageSize for flood conveyance if appropriateAdditional height usually adds more to cost than width
8’
14’
![Page 69: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
STRUCTURE SIZING
There are plenty of functional examples less than 8’Provide warnings
6’11”
![Page 70: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
STRUCTURE TYPES
Cast-In-PlaceConcrete
PrecastConcrete
CorrugatedSteel
![Page 71: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Advantages• can be
“customized”• no joints
Disadvantages• longer duration
of construction• cost
![Page 72: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Fabrication on site takes timeConsider impacts to traffic and control of water
![Page 73: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Standard designs are available from many state DOTs
![Page 74: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
![Page 75: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Combined hydraulic structure
![Page 76: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Enhanced aesthetic structures
![Page 77: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE
Controlled DrainageTextured SurfacingRecessed Lighting
![Page 78: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Advantages• quick
installationDisadvantages• less
flexibility• joints• leakage
![Page 79: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Three-sided arch structure
![Page 80: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Three-sided arch structureSpans up to 35’
![Page 81: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Delivered to the site in 4’ to 8’ sectionsSpans up to 15’Base preparation is important
![Page 82: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
3-sided structures used for longer spansSpans up to 35’Cast-in-place footings requiredAdditional Vertical Clearance Required
![Page 83: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
JointsNo control of drainageSurface Mounted Lighting
![Page 84: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Asphalt paving with curb and gutter
![Page 85: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Textured surfacingRecessed lighting
![Page 86: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Waterproof joints from the outside
![Page 87: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
PRECAST CONCRETE
Properly seal and waterproof joints in precast concrete structuresAvoid using in wet locations
![Page 88: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
Advantages• quickest
installation• least Cost
Disadvantages• less flexibility• geometric
constraints• more vertical
clearance needed
• leakage• aesthetics• service Life
![Page 89: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
![Page 90: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
Assembled on site and lifted in place
![Page 91: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
Circular pipe
![Page 92: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
Concrete collar required
Vertical arch “underpass” shape
![Page 93: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
Three-sided arch
![Page 94: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
CORRUGATED STEEL
Surface mounted lighting
![Page 95: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
WALL TYPES
Cast-In-PlaceConcrete
MechanicallyStabilized
Earth
GravityWall
![Page 96: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
WALL TYPES
Cast-In-PlaceConcreteH = 20’+
MechanicallyStabilized Earth
H = 20’+Reinforcing
Needed
Rock Gravity Wall
H= 4’-5’Multiple Tears
![Page 97: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
RETAINING WALLS
Consider constructability issues
![Page 98: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Underpasses are low and dark• drainage is critical
Avoid cross-path drainageCollect drainage before entering underpassConsider icing issues
![Page 99: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Direct water away from pathControl water, keep it from crossing pathLocate inlets at low points, off travel way
![Page 100: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Controlling water contains debris
![Page 101: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Better to direct drainage away from path rather than to the center
![Page 102: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Better to control drainage and catch it outside the structure
![Page 103: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Standing water and debris reduces user value
![Page 104: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Must provide drainage outfall
![Page 105: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Outfall location water surface must be below inlet elevationConsider back-flow conditions and flood wall heights
![Page 106: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
DRAINAGE
![Page 107: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Lift station design
![Page 108: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Provide access to lift station and control panel
![Page 109: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
DRAINAGE
Avoid Drainage Mistakes!
![Page 110: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
LIGHTING
Natural and artificial lightingBalance interior and exterior lightProvide approach lightingVandal resistance & maintenance
![Page 111: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
LIGHTING
Various levels of vandal resistance and aesthetics available
![Page 112: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
LIGHTING
Lighting is most critical in long structuresBright interior color helps
![Page 113: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
LIGHTING
Skylights• provide natural
light• brighten long
underpasses • Median required
![Page 114: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
LIGHTING
Provide approach lighting
![Page 115: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Safety Concerns•collisions / user conflicts•wipe-outs
Safety Solutions•channelize / separate users•provide adequate visibility•control speeds•control water / ice / debris•provide slope protection (railings and barriers)
CONSIDER THESE THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN
![Page 116: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Provide warnings and channelization
![Page 117: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Center striping
![Page 118: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Island channelization to improve user separation
![Page 119: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
![Page 120: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Don’t encourage conflicts
![Page 121: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Enhance sight lines with mirrors
![Page 122: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Provide warnings
![Page 123: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Control user movements
![Page 124: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Delineate edges
![Page 125: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Control speed
![Page 126: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Consider visibility
![Page 127: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
ESTIMATING UNDERPASS COST
Underpass Structure $100-$200 / SF ……………… 14’x100’=$140k - $280kTemporary Traffic Control ………………………….……………..$50k - $200kConcrete Path $4 - $8 / SF …..….……………………….. 10’x600’=$24k - $48kDrainage …………………………………….……….……………..……..$5k - $50kLighting ……………………………………….……..……………………..$5k - $25kPavement Restoration $2 - $4 / SF ……….……...… 100’x75’ = $15k - $30kRailings $50 -$200 / LF ………………………....….……... x100’ = $5k - $20kRetaining Walls $20 - $60 / SF …….….…………… 15’x100’ = $30k - $90kLandscape…………………………………………….………………?????????Utilities…………….……………………………………………..……?????????Right of Way.…………………………………………………………?????????
UNDERPASS PROJECTS OFTEN COST $500k TO OVER $2 MIL
![Page 128: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
Pedestrian Overpass
Question 6:What are the details?
![Page 129: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
PURPOSE OF BRIDGE
Functional• aesthetics don’t matter• low cost is everything
Statement• gateway• community icon• cost doesn’t matter
On a system ofFunctional Bridges
try to include a Statement Bridge
every now and then!!!
![Page 130: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
![Page 131: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
![Page 132: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
![Page 133: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
BRIDGE NOMENCLATURE
SPAN LENGTH
BRIDGE LENGTH
ABUTMENT PIERFREEBOARD
![Page 134: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
TRAFFIC BRIDGE ISSUES
Critical Issues• bridge selection• ramp length & configuration
Other Issues• constructability• railings• lighting
![Page 135: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
RIVER BRIDGE ISSUES
Critical Issues• bridge selection• river impact• constructability
Other Issues• railings• lighting
![Page 136: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
DESIGN LOADS
Dead Load ~ Structure Self WeightPedestrian Load• 85 psf AASHTO• reduce per span length (65 psf min)
Vehicle Load• maintenance (10,000 lb typical)• emergency (54,000 lb)• Snow Cat (6,000 lb)• equestrian
Snow, Wind, Thermal & Earthquake
![Page 137: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
CLEARANCES
Vertical• Street & Highway ~ AASHTO ~ 16.5’• Railroad ~ AREMA ~ 25.0’• River
• Local ~ 2’ min. over 100-year event• DOT ~ F=0.89*Q0.3+0.26*V2
Horizontal• Approach width plus 2’ recommended• Approach width plus 0’ common
![Page 138: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
BRIDGE TYPES
• Short Spans• 5’ to 100’Girder
• Medium Spans• 20’ to 150’Truss
• Medium Spans• 50’ to 300’Arch
• Long Spans• 100’ to 300’Cable Stay
• Long Spans• 200’ to 500’Suspension
![Page 139: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
SUPERSTRUCTURE COSTS
$-$50
$100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 $450 $500
0 100 200 300
Span Length vs. Cost
0 Piers
![Page 140: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
BRIDGE AESTHETICS
Integral to Bridge Structure• truss• arch• cable Stay• suspension
Add-on aesthetics• railings• pilasters at abutments• veneers
Try to make thebridge crossing
and viewing experience
memorable!!!
![Page 141: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
GIRDER BRIDGE
Material Types• steel• concrete• timber
Advantages• many fabrication &
construction options• unique identity with
railing• cost ~ $75 - $150 / sf
Disadvantages• girder depth &
vertical clearance
![Page 142: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
STEEL
![Page 143: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
STEEL
![Page 144: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
CONCRETE
![Page 145: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
TIMBER
![Page 146: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
TIMBER
![Page 147: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
TRUSS BRIDGE
Material Types• steel• timber• fiberglass (FRP)
Advantages• fitting aesthetics• railing integral with
structure• easy construction• installs quickly• cost ~ $75 - $150 / sf
Disadvantages• lead time• “common” look
![Page 148: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
TRUSS BRIDGE
![Page 149: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
TRUSS BRIDGE
![Page 150: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
TRUSS BRIDGE
![Page 151: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
ARCH BRIDGE
Material types• steel• concrete• timber
Advantages• graceful aesthetics• low below trail profile
Disadvantages• cost ~ $150 - $300 / sf
![Page 152: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
ARCH BRIDGE
![Page 153: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
ARCH BRIDGE
![Page 154: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
ARCH BRIDGE
![Page 155: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
CABLE STAY BRIDGE
Material Types• steel• timber• concrete
Advantages• aesthetics• long span• low profile
Disadvantages• cost ~ $400 - $500 / sf• few contractors
![Page 156: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
CABLE STAY BRIDGE
![Page 157: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
CABLE STAY BRIDGE
![Page 158: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
Material Types• steel• concrete• timber
Advantages• long river crossings• graceful aesthetics• inaccessible pier
locationsDisadvantages• few contractors• cost ~ $400 - $500 / sf
![Page 159: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
![Page 160: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
![Page 161: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
SUSPENSION BRIDGE
![Page 162: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
APPROACH RAMPS
Use ADA GuidelinesLong Ramps Due to Vertical Clearances• 370’ at 5%• 225’ at 8.33%
Significant “Overlooked” Cost
![Page 163: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
APPROACH RAMPS
![Page 164: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
APPROACH RAMPS
![Page 165: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
APPROACH RAMPS
![Page 166: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
ABUTMENTS & PIERS
Types • footings• piles*• caissons*• helical/screw
Cost • abutment ~ $5,000 to
$15,000• pier ~ $5,000 to
$25,000Requires soils investigation & utility locates
* Preferred when scour is possible
![Page 167: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
BENEFIT OF PIERS
$-$50
$100 $150 $200 $250 $300 $350 $400 $450 $500
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Span Length vs. Cost
0 Piers1 Pier2 Piers
![Page 168: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
IMPACT TO RIVER
Regulatory RequirementsFreeboard & Bridge DepthApproach Embankments
![Page 169: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
IMPACT TO RIVER
Number of PiersScour ProtectionConstructionWetland ImpactMitigation
![Page 170: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
Urban & High Risk Areas * • IBC-based• 42” high• 4” sphere to 34”, 8” sphere above 34”
* USFS Trail Bridge Catalogue
Highway Overpass• 2” sphere to 7’-10”
![Page 171: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
![Page 172: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
![Page 173: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
Rural & Moderate Risk Areas *• AASHTO-based• 42” for peds & 54” for bikes + equestrian• 6” sphere to 27”, 8” sphere above 27”
* USFS Trail Bridge Catalogue
![Page 174: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
![Page 175: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
![Page 176: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
![Page 177: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
Remote & Low Risk Areas *• OSHA-based• 42” for peds & 54” for bikes + equestrian• 15” between 2”x4” wood rails and 19” between
steel rails
* USFS Trail Bridge Catalogue
![Page 178: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
BRIDGE RAILINGS
![Page 179: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
BRIDGE LIGHTING
Functional = SafeArchitecturalHuman scaleVandal resistantMaintenance
LED use is revolutionizing
lighting!!!
![Page 180: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
BRIDGE LIGHTING
![Page 181: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
BRIDGE LIGHTING
![Page 182: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
BRIDGE LIGHTING
![Page 183: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
BRIDGE LIGHTING
![Page 184: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
UNDERPASS VS. BRIDGE
CATEGORY UNDERPASS OVERPASSSafety
Convenience
User Experience
Resident Impact
Environmental Impact
Aesthetics
Constructability
CostLegendClear AdvantageNeutral
Clear Disadvantage
![Page 185: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
COST CONSIDERATIONS
Grading & DrainageUtility RelocationTraffic ControlRetaining WallsMain StructureSecondary StructureRailingsStreet or River RepairPath ConcreteLandscapingRight-of-way
Costs add up quickly.
Don’t get caught short.
![Page 186: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
SELECTION BASICS
Is crossing at-grade or separatedDo you go over or underWhat is the best locationHow is it accessedFigure out the detailsMake sure you budget enough $$$
![Page 187: Grade-Separated Trail Crossings - American Trails · 2013-10-13 · Grade-Separated Trail Crossings. How Do We Get Over There? 2008 National Trails Symposium. Rory Renfro, Alta Planning](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011907/5f5236711f6d715fcc2b660f/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Rory RenfroAlta Planning + Design
(503) [email protected]
www.altaplanning.com
Scott Belonger and Pete LorisLoris and Associates
(303) [email protected]