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GRADE 7 SCIENCE
Separation Techniques
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Discuss with a partner how you would separate the following mixtures…
Ø Salt water Ø Muddy water Ø Nuts and bolts Ø Iron filings and sand
Ø Vegetable oil and sand
Ø Vegetable oil and water
Ø Salt and pepper
Be prepared to defend your answers!
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DISCUSSION QUESTION Are the components you have separated still mixtures, or are they pure?
Why or why not?
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SEPARATING MECHANICAL
MIXTURES
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Sorting ¢ separa'ng substances based on appearance (colour, size, texture)
¢ some recycling programs require the driver to separate glass, plas'c, and paper
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Floatation and Settling ¢ allow heavier materials to se=le to the bo=om of a liquid and extract them with a tool
¢ if a substance is light enough, it will float to the top of a liquid and a tool can be used to skim it from the surface
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Sifting ¢ separa'ng solids by size
¢ involves passing solid materials through a screen or mesh
¢ parts that are small enough to pass through are separated from larger ones that can’t fit through
¢ different than filtra'on � filtra'on is used to separate solids from liquids or gases � siCing separates solids from other solids
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MAGNETISM ¢ some metals are magne'c because their component par'cles are a=racted to the par'cles within magnets
¢ A magnet can be used to separate magne'c materials (iron, steel) from others (plas'c dashboards, rubber 'res)
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SEPARATING SOLUTIONS
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Filtration ¢ separa'ng solids from liquids or gases
¢ when solu'on is poured through filter, solid parts are trapped, and liquid or gas pass through
¢ if the solid is small enough, it may s'll pass through the filter
¢ ex: salt dissolved in water
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Coffee filter Oil filter
Furnace filter Colander
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EVAPORATION:
¢ Change of state from a liquid to a gas.
¢ Used to recover a solid solute from a solution.
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DISTILLATION: ¢ Uses two changes of state:
evaporation and condensation.
¢ It allows you to recover BOTH the solute and solvent from a solution.
¢ Solution is boiled, which vaporizes the solvent and separates it from the solute
¢ Gas condenses on a cool surface and is collected
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INDUSTRIAL DISTILLATION TOWER
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SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN THE
HOME: ¢ Colanders ¢ Clothes dryers ¢ Window screens ¢ Coffee percolators ¢ Salad spinners Any others?
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SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN
INDUSTRY: ¢ Colanders ¢ Clothes dryers ¢ Window screens ¢ Coffee percolators ¢ Salad spinners Any others?