Download - Government ppt
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“We the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”
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Form a more perfect UnionEstablish justiceInsure domestic tranquilityProvide for the common defensePromote general welfareGuarantee liberty for ourselves +
our posterity
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To correct the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Ready to frame a new government
Opposing views
Government with authorityor
Protect individual rights
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Issues
Large & small states
North & South
Strong national government versus states’ rights
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CONNECTICUT Representation in Congress Bicameral legislature
SENATE Equal representation
HOUSE State’s population (census every 10
years)
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Slavery and powerRepresentationTaxes
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9 out of 13 must approveHeld conventions in each state“The Great Debate”
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Alexander Hamilton
Thomas Jefferson
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Elastic Clause Congress can make all laws “necessary
and proper” Stretches to fit changing circumstances example: minimum wage
Amendment Process Changes Both Congress and the states must
approve Judicial Interpretation
Courts review cases
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Popular Sovereignty Source of all power to govern is the people
Limited Government Powers are defined Legal limits
Separation of powers Legislative, executive, judicial
Checks and Balances Prevents too much power in any one branch
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Legislative Branch Makes laws for the nation.
Executive Branch Provides leadership and enforces laws.
Judicial Branch Explains and interprets laws.
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Bicameral – Two houses Senate House of Representatives
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Electing the presidentElectoral collegePowers and duties
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AGAINST “winner-take-all”
Electoral vote versus popular vote
Electors not bound by law to vote for winning candidate
FOR Amendment to
Constitution Small states would lose
over-representation Threat to two-party
system
Voters cast ballots for electors
Electors cast ballots for President + VP
if candidate wins majority of votes in a state he/she get all the electors
large states have more electors so candidates focus on these states
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Two court system – FEDERAL & STATE National court system Each state has its own
Federal – Judicial Review Interpretation of the Constitution
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“It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world…”
- Washington’s Farewell Address, September 17, 1796
Neutrality
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1803 Marbury v Madison established the right of Supreme Court to interpret laws passed by Congress
John Marshall- Chief Justice of Supreme Court (Federalist) who increased power of court
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Traditions that are accepted but not always part of Constitution
Cabinet- group of advisors to President Two-term Presidency- established by
Washington only became part of Constitution after FDR
political parties- organized around common ideas these are not required by Constitution
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Attempt to influence laws legislation
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Process for making a change to the Constitution
Between 1795- 2002 only 27 amendments to Constitution
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To protect individuals and states against too much government power
Civil libertiesExample: Second Amendment, Right
to Bear Arms (Right To Own a Gun)